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Classification of Dental Caries
Classification of Dental Caries
Classification of Dental Caries
DENTAL CARIES
Dr. Seeratulurooj
BDS MSc LUMHS
(Primary prevention)
Prevent, Arrest, Reverse
(Secondary prevention)
Deep scaling Restoration
)Tertiary prevention(
Prosthodontics orthodontics
1.BASED ON ANATOMICAL SITE
OCCLUSAL
(PIT AND FISSURE)
SMOOTH SUR-
FACE CARIES
(PROXIMAL
AND CERVICAL
CARIES)
ROOT CARIES
A- PIT AND FISSURE CARIES
Highest prevalence of all caries bacteria rapidly colonize
the pits and fissures of the newly erupted teeth.
These early colonizers form a “bacterial plug” that re-
mains in the site for long time, perhaps even the life of
the tooth
Type & nature of the organisms prevalent in the oral cav-
ity determine the type of organisms colonizing the pit &
fissure
The appearance of s.mutans in pits and fis-
sures is usually followed by caries 6 to 24
months later.
Sealing of pits and fissures just after tooth
eruption may be the most important event in
their resistance to caries.
Shape, morphological variation and depth of
pit and fissures contributes to their high sus-
ceptibility to caries.
-enamel in the bottom of pit or fissure is very thin, so early
dentin involvement frequently occurs.
here the caries follows the direction of the enamel rods.
-Caries is triangular in shape with the apex facing the sur-
face of tooth and the base towards the DEJ.
-when reaches DEJ, greater number of dentinal tubules are
involved.
- it produces greater cavitation than the smooth surface
caries and there is more undermining of enamel.
B- Smooth surface caries
Less favorable site for plaque attachment, usually at-
taches on the smooth surface that are near the gingiva or
are under proximal contact..
In very young patients the gingival papilla completely
fills the interproximal space under a proximal contact
The earliest manifestation of incipient caries (early caries) of
enamel is usually seen beneath dental plaque as areas of decalci-
fication (white spots).
The proximal surfaces are particularly sus-
ceptible to caries due to extra shelter pro-
vided to resident plaque owing to the proxi-
mal contact area immediately occlusal to
plaque.
Lesion have a broad area of origin and a
conical, or pointed extension towards DEJ.
V shape with apex directed towards DEJ.
After caries penetrate the DEJ softening of
dentin spread rapidly and pulpally
C- ROOT SURFACE CARIES
The proximal root surface, particularly near the cervical
line, often is unaffected by the action of hygiene proce-
dures, such as flossing, because it may have concave
anatomic surface contours (fluting) and occasional rough-
ness at the termination of the enamel.
These conditions, when coupled with exposure to the oral
environment (as a result of gingival recession), favor the
formation of mature, caries-producing plaque and proximal
root-surface caries.
Caries originating on the root is alarming because
1. it has a comparatively rapid progression
2. it is closer to the pulp
3. it is more difficult to restore
The root surface is softer than the enamel and read-
ily allows plaque formation in the absence of good
oral hygiene.
The cementum covering the root surface is ex-
tremely thin and provides little resistance to caries
attack.
Root caries lesions progress more rapidly because of
the lack of protection from and enamel covering.
2.BASED ON PROGRESSION
CHRONIC CARIES
A- ACUTE CARIES
Active caries lesion: a progressive carious lesion.
Acute caries is a rapid process involving a large number
of teeth.
These lesions are lighter colored than the other types, be-
ing light brown or grey.
Pulp exposures and sensitive teeth are often observed in
patients with acute caries.
It has been suggested that saliva does not easily penetrate
the small opening to the carious lesion, so there are little
opportunity for buffering or neutralizaton
B- CHRONIC CARIES
These lesions are usually of long-standing involve-
ment, affect a fewer number of teeth, and are smaller
than acute caries.
Pain is not a common feature because of protection
afforded to the pulp by secondary dentin
The decalcified dentin is dark brown.
Pulp prognosis is hopeful in that the deepest of le-
sions usually requires only prophylactic capping and
protective bases.
C- ARRESTED CARIES:-
Arrested (inactive) carious lesion: A lesion that may have
formed years previously and then stopped further pro-
gression.
Caries which becomes stationary or static and does not
show any tendency for further progression
Both deciduous and permanent affected
With the shift in the oral conditions, even advanced le-
sions may become arrested .
Arrested caries involving dentin shows a marked brown
pigmentation
Sclerosis of dentinal tubules and secondary dentin forma-
tion commonly occur
3.Based on virginity of lesion
INITIAL/PRIMARY RECURRENT/SECONDARY
A- PRIMARY CARIES(INITIAL)
lesions on unrestored tooth surface.
A primary caries is one in which the lesion
constitutes the initial attack on the tooth sur-
face.
The designation of primary is based on the ini-
tial location of the lesion on the surface rather
than the extent of damage.
B- SECONDARY CARIES
(RECURRENT)
This type of caries is observed around the edges and under
restorations.
lesions that developed adjacent to a filling.
The common locations of secondary caries are the rough
or overhanging margin and fracture place in all locations
of the mouth.
It may be result of poor adaptation of a restoration, which
allows for a marginal leakage, or it may be due to inade-
quate extension of the restoration.
In addition caries may remain if there has not been com-
plete excavation of the original lesion, which later may
appear as a residual or recurrent caries.
4.Based on tissue involvement
1. Initial caries
2. Superficial caries
3. Moderate caries
4. Deep caries
5. Deep complicated caries
Dental caries can be divided into 4 or 5 stages
ADOLESCENT CARIES
the number of new lesions occurring in a year,
shows three peaks-at the ages 4-8, 11-19 and 55-
65 years
Rampant caries: is the name given to multiple ac-
tive carious lesions occurring in the same patient.
This frequently involves surfaces of teeth that do
not usually experience dental caries eg, bottle or
nursing caries, baby caries, radiation caries, or
drug-induced caries.
EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES
Early childhood caries
would include, two vari-
ants: Nursing caries and
rampant caries.
Class 2 lesions:
They are found on the proximal surfaces of the bicuspids
and molars.
Class 3 lesions:
Lesions found on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth
Is the scanning
method, the existing
x-ray film digitizes
and then displays it
on the computer
monitor.
Advantages
1-Less radiation exposure
2-Images can be manipulated
3-Storage and archiving of patient information
4-Patient education & interaction
5-Instant image display
6-Eliminates film and processing expenses
Disadvantages
1-Expensive
2-Sensor size
3-Infection control
Wired camera
The wired camera can be
connected to the computer
using USB cable
FIBEROPTIC TRANSILLUMINATION