Adaptive Infrastructure

(Introduction)

BH-2002/v1.0/1

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

 Reference:
The Adaptive Enterprise: IT Infrastructure Strategies to Manage Change and Enable Growth
Bruce Robertson and Valentin Sribar Addison Wesley, 2002

BH-2002/v1.0/2

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Background
Rise of the Internet and e-Business e-Business can have an impact on every facet of the organization, including processes, applications, staffing, infrastructure, etc. Enterprise borders are starting to disappear. e-Business is all about providing open access to infrastructure services, data, and applications. Rapid technology and business evolution can have impact on enterprise computing infrastructures.

BH-2002/v1.0/3

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Background
Business change is occurring at warp speed Business agility
Agility means being prepared for change We must have the infrastructure in place to support change without throwing away everything and starting over each time A completely new start takes too much time and is almost always too expensive.

The reason organizations need an adaptive infrastructure is very simple:

More change happens in business than IT or the business can anticipate.

BH-2002/v1.0/4

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Introduction
What is IT infrastructure?
Generally, infrastructure is a relative term meaning the structure beneath a structure. This definition implies different layers of structure, which provide support or services. Your own definitions?

BH-2002/v1.0/5

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

What is IT Infrastructure?

BH-2002/v1.0/6

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

What is IT Infrastructure?
Each layer of infrastructure has certain characteristics, including:
Shared by a larger audience than the structure it supports More static and permanent than the structures it supports Considered a service, including the people and processes involved in support, rather than just a physical structure or device Often physically connected to the structure it supports Distinct from the structures it supports in terms of its lifecycle (plan,build, run, change, exit) Distinct from the structures it supports in terms of its ownership and the people who execute the lifecycle

BH-2002/v1.0/7

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

What is IT Infrastructure?
Your own definitions might be
Anything that is shared across multiple business units, such as ERP, SCM, Email applications Anything that isnt fun anymore!

BH-2002/v1.0/8

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Adaptive Infrastructure
An adaptive infrastructure strategy becomes crucial to providing a versatile, flexible, and agile foundation for application deployment. Adaptive infrastructure should exhibit several key traits:
Efficiency. The ability to provide reusable components that are priced reasonably. Effectiveness. The easy integration of all components in a way that supports their robust operation. Agility. Good planning and design processes that allow companies to develop new applications quickly and to repurpose or upgrade their existing infrastructure to support new requirements for existing or new applications.

BH-2002/v1.0/9

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Why Infrastructure (Suddenly) Matters

As our organization turns to third parties for more of its applications work, getting the infrastructure right is becoming crucial Sometimes what differentiates isnt the application itself, but how successfully or quickly you get it running and how well it works. In many cases, these problems arent application issues; theyre infrastructure issues. the Internet has made applications and infrastructure increasingly visible to customers and to the general public.

BH-2002/v1.0/10

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Clash of Cultures
Stability is good
People often feel its good to have an infrastructure that is stable, unchanging, and predictable. Certainly predictable, systematic behavior must be achieved at some level. However, infrastructure must also be flexible, even breakable, to be fully leveraged by business.

Infrastructure costs are bad

Businesses usually regard IT infrastructure as a cost to be minimized However, as business increasingly becomes informational in nature, the systems for information capture, management, and delivery become even more central to business success.
BH-2002/v1.0/11

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Whats the Problem with Most Infrastructure?

Costs too much. Too slow. Nothing works together. Handoffs dont work. Too much theory, not enough practice. Lack of focus.

What else causes problems in your infrastructure today? Is it technology, processes, or people?

BH-2002/v1.0/12

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Whats the Solution

Plan your infrastructure end to end. Design an adaptive infrastructure. Execute a reuse centric strategy. Overcome the tech-only focus. Choose the right technology and products. Balance immediate needs with long-term goals.

BH-2002/v1.0/13

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Striking a Balance
Adaptive infrastructure strategy must include the people, processes, and technologies that provide ongoing support for an organizations applications.

BH-2002/v1.0/14

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Key Organizing Principles

One way to look at adaptive infrastructure is to see it as a set of components, patterns, and services along with the people and processes necessary to tie them together.
Platform is an organizing concept that groups individual component technologies into technical domains (or layers). Patterns are organizing concepts that facilitate rapid mapping from business requirements to end-to-end infrastructure designs. Services are infrastructure applications that shift responsibility for certain services out of the application domain into the infrastructure domain.

BH-2002/v1.0/15

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Key Organizing Principles

BH-2002/v1.0/16

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Fundamental Concept to build Adaptive Infrastructure

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Identify and Catalogue Technologies Develop Reusable Infrastructure Patterns Develop Adaptive Infrastructure Services Use Good Tools Get Organized Describe Value Through Packaging

BH-2002/v1.0/17

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

1. Identify and Catalogue Technologies

The notion of platforms
Emphasizes organizing hardware,software, and networking components (technologies) into common application runtime targets that maximize component reuse and systems integration while providing a base level of shared services.

To manage an infrastructure well, we must first identify and catalog all the components by their functional categories. By organizing components into categories, we can assess the complexity of managing hundreds of components. Start to see the components used to deploy applications fitting into different layers of stacked infrastructure.

BH-2002/v1.0/18

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Layers of Stacked Infrastructure

BH-2002/v1.0/19

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

2. Develop Reusable Infrastructure Patterns

Identify patterns within your infrastructure that can be supported, augmented, maintained, and reused across applications. Its a losing proposition when we react to the wide variety of application development requests. Select a few key patterns to build your expertise around, and then use these patterns to support business projects in a repeatable way. Starting with a core set of patterns Simplify and prioritize. Create standardized infrastructure patterns that are robust, flexible, and reusable. Infrastructure pattern matching (IPM) methodology

BH-2002/v1.0/20

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

 Goals of a pattern-based matching

Pattern-based infrastructures reduce the incredible variety of technologies, processes, and people (skills, roles, etc.) that are required for accurate application delivery, which will result in more focused and repeatable excellence.

BH-2002/v1.0/21

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

3. Develop Adaptive Infrastructure Services

To structure components from platform layers into various classes of services to be used by patterns. A service exists when someone delegates the responsibility for performing a process to a service provider. A service provider can be any person or system that can perform a task repetitively. An adaptive infrastructure service is a shared set of technologies that is implemented once, with a common set of processes and people skills, to be reused by multiple applications. To be truly efficient and reusable, services must be decoupled and become separate processes from the person or system that interacts with them.

BH-2002/v1.0/22

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

BH-2002/v1.0/23

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

4. Use Good Tools

Infrastructure Pattern Matching (IPM)
helps by providing systematic answers to three fundamental questions: who are the users, where are they, and what work is being performed? Answering these questions helps you define service-level commitments, analyze costs, and identify the core technology issues that affect the infrastructures ability to support business.

Periodic and Annual Processes Having structured, repeatable processes with concrete deliverables will make a difference in terms of the speed, quality, and cost.
o strategic infrastructure planning to review your standard infrastructure patterns and services on a regular annual cycle. o Per-project or tactical infrastructure planning, which is done for each application or new technology being introduced

BH-2002/v1.0/24

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Tactical vs Strategic Processes

BH-2002/v1.0/25

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

 Portfolios
The key is to apply discipline and a set of easy-to-use tools to continuously update your portfolios. Infrastructure portfolios keep you organized as you identify, catalog, and manage your patterns, platforms, and services on an ongoing basis. A portfolio can be something as basic as a physical filing cabinet with folders in it, or a directory structure with word processing documents, spreadsheets, and diagrams. The best way to make a portfolio sharable is to put it on an intranet site using a database or content management system to deliver the information to the widest audience.

BH-2002/v1.0/26

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

BH-2002/v1.0/27

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

5. Get Organized
Create new roles and responsibilities, job titles, and even new groups or departments where necessary. Must own the processes of infrastructure planning and development, and make sure that it gets done. Separating the roles allows each group to focus on its particular strengths
Infrastructure Developers Applications Developers

The team can make sure that infrastructure standards, including components, patterns, and services, are in fact available, and more importantly, reused for particular application development projects.

BH-2002/v1.0/28

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

 Balancing the organization

BH-2002/v1.0/29

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

6. Describe Value Through Packaging

Selling is the main idea here. Business unit managers must understand the value of what IT people are proposing. Concept of infrastructure product, its an ongoing, reproducible, an repeatable set of services that your IT organization can deliver to the business. Dont just solve your own infrastructure problems; solve your customers problems too. They should be organized to match what the business values.

BH-2002/v1.0/30

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Developing an Adaptive Range

Whats adaptive about?

BH-2002/v1.0/31

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

The Important of Reusability

The patterns, platforms and models used to create an adaptive infrastructure all depend on reusability. Many business units have the financial and human resources to subsidize non-standard implementations, but they dont. The IT department ends up absorbing the extra expense to support the deviation, or devoting extra resources and effort to making sure it works properly. Will spend most of time doing ad-hoc support.

BH-2002/v1.0/32

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

BH-2002/v1.0/33

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Adaptive Infrastructure: Pattern-based

This approach is based on identifying a limited number of infrastructure patterns that can be used throughout the enterprise. Once these patterns are identified and documented, the company can use them as templates for deploying multiple applications better, faster and more affordably

BH-2002/v1.0/34

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Pattern-based
Instead of developing infrastructure from the ground up for each new application, businesses can leverage a limited number of reusable infrastructure patterns.

BH-2002/v1.0/35

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Pattern-based
The pattern set must be variable enough to cover all major application requirements, but limited in number to deliver the benefits of a simplified environment. Patterns must also provide sufficient detail to enable the design and implementation of high-quality, end-to-end solutions with minimal customization.

BH-2002/v1.0/36

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Patterns
Transact Patterns
Support online customer ordering and other applications in which business data is written and stored in a structured database.

BH-2002/v1.0/37

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Patterns
Publish Patterns
Support applications with readonly data, such as the online marketing information offered by most companies on their corporate Web sites.

BH-2002/v1.0/38

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

Patterns
Collaborate patterns
support applications where information (word processing documents, spreadsheets, CAD drawings, etc.) is shared between two or more users. These patterns improve the efficiency of distributed teams that are separated by geographical or corporate boundaries.

BH-2002/v1.0/39

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi

 Companies can focus on a limited number of patterns, optimizing the design for each pattern, defining standard products and configurations, and documenting best practices for implementing, managing and scaling those systems. Though the infrastructure patterns are relatively mature, service level requirements will continue to escalate.

BH-2002/v1.0/40

MTI - Perencanaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi