EXAMPLES OF THEORY

DERIVATION
 EXAMPLES OF THEORY
DERIVATION
Author:
Condon (1986)
- A Theory of Development of caring in the nurse was derived from a parent theory of moral development

Wewers & Lenz (1987)

- Derived a Theory of relapse among ex-smokers from a theory of post treatment functioning of alcohol.

Mishel (1990)
- Uncertainty of Illness theory (Revised based on Chaos theory)

Jones (2001)
- Derived a theory About Nursing Time Based on Based on Alternatives to Clock/Calendar Time

Covell (2008)
- Intellectual capital theory was used to derived a theory of Nursing Intellectual Capital.
PARENT THEORY STATEMENT
MACCIA & COLLEAGUES DERIVATION
1. Either the eyes are or are not covered by Lids
- The students is either distracted or attentive

2. Blinking functions to protect the eyes from contact and to rest the retires and the
occular muscles
- Distraction function to protect the students from mental stress and to rest from mental
effort.

3. Blinking maybe either reflexive or nonreflexive

- Distraction may be either voluntary or involuntary.

4. Reflex blinking may be inhibited by a fixation object or by drug

- Involuntary distraction maybe inhibited by attention cues or by drugs.

5. Nonreflexive blinking may occur is seeing is unwanted

- Voluntary Distraction may occur if learning is unwanted.
PARENT THEORY STATEMENT
WEWERS & LENZ (1987) DERIVATION THEORY
1. Pretreatment symptoms such as
*alcohol consumption *type of drinker
*Depression *Occupational functioning are related to alcohol treatment
outcome
-Pretreatment symptoms such as cigarette consumption and type of smoker are related
to smoking relapse

2. Stressful life events were negatively associated with some aspects of recovery
- Both the social contextual stressor of major life events and the internal stressor of
craving are associated with smoking relapse

3. Family environment is weakly related to alcohol recovery

- Long-term smoking cessation is associated with having family members who are non-smokers or had
previously been able to quit smoking
PARENT THEORY STATEMENT
MISHEL’S (1990) DERIVATION
1. In a far from Equilibrium system the sensitivity of the initial condition is such that
small changes yield huge effects and the system recognizes itself in multiple ways
- Abiding uncertainty can dismantle the existing cognitive structures that give meaning to
everyday events. This loss of meaning throws the person into a state of confusion and
disorganization.

2. Fluctuations in the system can become so powerful… that they shatter the pre-
existing organization
- If the uncertainty factors of disease or illness multiply rapidly past a critical value, the
stability of the personal system can no longer be taken for granted.

3. Auto-Catalytic processes result in a product whose presence encourages further

production of itself producing disorder
- The existence of uncertainty in one area of illness often feeds back on itself and
generates further uncertainty in other illness-related event.
PARENT THEORY STATEMENT
JONES (2001) DERIVATION THEORY
1. Temporarily the cycle of Life and Death that occurs against the backdrop of
unidirectional time.
- Temporality- “There are unlimited amounts of parallel and cyclical time frames within
which nurses exist simultaneously and within each frame we, organize, plan, and regulate
our lives

2. Timing- is “when” time but clock and calendar times are not the only points of
reference is determining “when” for scheduling, synchronization, allocation of
resources.
- Timing- Timing in nursing is dependent on multiple considerations based on past, present,
and future times.

3. Tempo- Time may seem to advances at varying speeds for examples, when we
speak of time moving quickly or slowly.
- Tempo- Processes in the health services are mutually implicated in how much is achieved
within a given timeframe in the timing of actions and in the temporality of existence.
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
Theory derivation is a focused and creative way to develop
theory in new area of interest. It is an exciting exercise in
that it requires the theorist to use imagination in seeing
analogies from one field and modifying them for use in a
new field. In addition, theory derivation provides a way of
arriving at explanation and prediction about a phenomenon
where there may be little or no information, literature, or
formal studies available.

One of the disadvantages of Derivation Theory is that the

Theorist must be familiar with the number of fields of
interest other than on his own.