FEMINIST THEORY

Clark Kendrick Peralta

Nicolette Parame
Heaven Angela Parojinog
WHAT IS THE FEMINIST THEORY?
Feminist or feminist theory is a range of political movements,
ideologies , and social movements that share common goal which is to
define advance political, economic, personal, and social rights for
women.

This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in

education and employment.

Feminism promotes the belief that women and men should be treated
equally and that steps have to be taken to realize the goal of gender
equality.
Political Movements
• “Suffragette Movement"
That emerged in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Activist, like those
associated with the women's social and political Union, fought for women's
right to vote, advocating through protests and civil disobedience to achieve
political equality.
Ideologies
• "Liberal Feminism”
Liberal feminists advocate for gender equality through legal reforms and
changes within existing societal structures.
Social Movements
• “Me too Movement”
It gained momentum in the late 2010s, highlighting and addressing issues of
sexual harassment and assault.
Advance political feminism
• “Intersectional feminism “ this approach
recognizes and addresses the interconnected nature
of various social identities, such as race, class,
gender and sexual orientation.
Economic
• “Marxist Feminism” This perspective and analyzes
the role of capitalism in perpetuating gender
inequalities.
Stereo types for women in the 19th
century:
Weak
Passive
Timid
Domestic
Illogical
Emotional, susceptible to madness’ hysteria
Social/Familial
Dependent
Unable to resist temptation
Pure
Content
 Feminist Theory
History
First Wave Second Wave Third Wave
First Wave
- The first wave comprised
women’s suffrage movements
of the nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries,
promoting women’s right to
vote.
Second Wave
-The second wave was associated
with the ideas and actions of
the women’s liberation
movement beginning in the
1960’s
-it was campaigned for legal and
social equality for women.
Third Wave
-The third wave is a continuation
of, and a reaction to, the
perceived failures of second-
wave feminism, beginning in
the 1990s.
4 Basic Principles
in Feminism
Working to increase equality: Feminist thought links
ideas to action, insisting we should push for change
toward gender and not just talk about it.

Expanding Human Choice: Feminists believe both

men and women should have the freedom to develop
their human interests and talents, even if those
interests and talents conflict with statues quo.
Eliminating Gender Stratification: Feminists oppose
laws and cultural norms that limit income,
educational and job opportunities for women.

Ending sexual violence and promoting sexual

freedom: Feminists feel that women should have
control over their sexuality and reproduction .
Types of Feminist
Movements
I. Liberal Feminism
- 18t to 19th century
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- John Stuart Mill
- Simone De Beauvoi
- focuses on women’s ability to maintain their
equality through their own actions and choices.
-argue that society holds the false belief that
women are, by nature, less intellectually and
physically capable than men.
Advocacy:
- Female education and equal opportunities.
- Gender equality , equal rights regarding legal
matters, education and work opportunities.
A. Libertarian Feminism
Advocacy :
-equality in property distribution between men and
women.
-freedom for conscience and expression such as women
sexual and domestic violence.
-the right to compensation when someone violates the
rights.

B. Egalitarian Liberal Feminism

Advocacy :
- Freedom to choose personal anatomy such as,
understand their social status, acquire personal and self-
governing elements of women.
II. Socialist Feminist
- a branch of feminism that focuses upon both the
public and private spheres of a woman’s life and argues
that liberation can only be achieved by working to end
both economic and cultural sources of wome’s
oppression.
Advocacy:
-private and public aspects of women were given focus.
- liberation cannot be achieved unless economic and
cultural sources of women oppression end.
III. Anarchy Feminism
- 19th to 20th century
- Emma Goldman
- Voltairene De.
- Cleyre & Loucy Parson
- a movement that combines feminist ideals
(advocating for women's rights and gender equality) with
anarchist principles (opposing all forms of hierarchy and
authority).
Advocacy:
-Resist patriarchy, state power, and class divisions
- The Independence of Woman: right to support
herself; to live for herself; to love whomever she like
Freedom for both sexes: freedom of action; freedom i
love; freedom in motherhood.
bu in the society was abolished.
IV. Radical Feminism
- a perspective within feminism that calls for a
radical reordering of society in which male supremacy
is eliminated in all social and economic contexts.
- seek to abolish patriarchy by challenging existing
social norms and institutions, rather than through a
purely political process.
Advocacy:
- Patriarchy in the society was abolished.
- The cause of all inequalities in the society is based
on gender identity, class, perceived attractiveness,
sexual orientation and ability.
- Women's liberation movement.
V. Equality Feminism
-Mary Wollstonecraft
-John Stuart Mill,
Advocacy:
- Equal treatment of male and female sexes
- Women should enjoy all the legal as well as political
rights similar to men as they are human beings.

VI. Amazon Feminism

-a radical feminist theory that emerged in the 1970s,
advocating for the creation of female-centered communities
free from male influence.
Advocacy:
-Female physical power as a means to achieve the goal of
gender equality.
VII. Postcolonial Feminism
- is a branch of feminist theory that
examines the intersecting dynamics of
gender, race, class, and colonialism.
Advocacy:
-Deals with the topics like racism,
colonialism and its cultural, economic and
political effects on the society that explore
some particular gender realities of non-
white and non-western women.
IX. Cyber Feminism
-is a feminist theory that explores the intersection
of feminism and technology, particularly focusing on
the impact of the internet and digital technologies on
gender equality and women's rights.
- 1980s and 1990s
Advocacy:
- Sets of practices that deal with feminist
interactions
and acts in cyberspace.
- Women's use of new information and
communication
technologies for their upliftment.
X. Individualist Feminism
- is a feminist perspective that emphasizes the
importance of individual rights, personal freedom,
and autonomy for women.
- argue that true gender equality can be achieved
through the promotion of individual liberty, free from
government intervention and societal restrictions.
Advocacy:
- Emphasizes on the transformation of the legal
system
in order to eliminate the inequality
- Freedom of an individual over the private
property on
the basis of equality.
XI. Lesbian Feminism
- 1970s and 1980s
- Sheila Jeffrey
- focuses on the experiences and rights of lesbian women,
advocating for their visibility, inclusivity, and challenging
heteronormativity and other forms of oppression through
political activism and social critique.
Advocacy:
- Deals with the issues related to lesbian and women
in the society.
- Society is structured to serve heterosexual needs.
Lesbians within the Women's Liberation Movement
(WLM) feminist lesbian politics, and lesbians in the
Gay Liberation Front (GLF).
XII. Separatist Feminism
-Marilyn Frye’s
- advocates for the separation of women from men
and male-dominated structures to create autonomous
spaces where women can achieve independence, self-
discovery, and empowerment away from patriarchal
influences.
Advocacy:
- Feminism enables women to take interest in other
women.
- Creates new space and dialogue in women's
relationship, and limits them from dealing with men.
XIII. Eco-Feminism
- 1974
-Francoise d’ Eaubonne
- is a feminist and environmental philosophy that explores the
intersections between the oppression of women and the
degradation of the environment.
Advocacy:
- Social and political movement that deals with the existence of
environmentalism and feminism.
- Changing the attitude of the society towards productivity and
activity of both women and nature.
XIV. Difference Feminism
-19th Century
- Michele M. Schumache
Advocacy:
- Deals with differences between the sexes such
as biological, emotional, sociological or spiritual.
Feminism that reverses gender polarity that is
women are superior to men.
- Integral gender complementarity discusses
that when men and women are integrated.
XV. Black Feminism
-1974
- Patricia Hill Collins
Advocacy:
- Liberation of black women from all
oppressions Women's liberation as a
strategy that unites women, men and
children in which women have to
struggle against injustice because of
oppression
Gender Ideology And Gender Inequality
To the feminist normative view of “Gender Ideology”, conveys
that women are viewed as inferior to men in a system of society
dominated by men. According to International Encyclopedia of
the Social and Behavioral sciences (2001) gender ideology
described as masculine and feminine behaviors, and social roles.
The normative meaning of gender ideology needs to have
distinction from biological “sex” association and behavioral
“gender” orientation. These two concepts are understood
differently based on the meaning attached to it by the person.
On the other hand, "Gender Inequality" for feminism
focuses on the rights and freedoms for women and girls
of all ages in the society. Feminist groups claimed that
human rights they inherent is traditional bias in favor of
men and boys. The concepts of women's rights is not
only focused on marital, parental, and religious rights
but also to enter to legal contracts, own property, right
to suffrage, be educated, hold public office, fair wages
and equal work opportunities for women.
Thank you!