Selection of turbine for a

Micro Hydro Power Plant.

Kind of Turbines
 Energy Basic
 Water flowing under pressure has two
forms of energy:
a Kinetic &
b Potential
Kinetic energy depends on the mass of water
flowing known as discharge “Q” and its velocity
where as potential energy exists as a result of
difference in water level between two points
known as head “H”.
 …Turbine cont
 Main factors governing Turbine are

 Head “H” measured in Meters &

 Discharge “Q” measured in Cub. Meters/Sec or

lt/sec.
 .Classification of Turbines
 Turbines are classified according to
various parameters. The important ones
are:
 According to action of water on its blades.
 According to the name of the Inventors/originator.

 According to direction of flow of water.

 According to disposition of Turbine shaft.

 According to specific speed .

 Classification of Turbine
 According to the action of water.
 Impulse &
 Reaction.

Impulse turbine requires high head and small flow where as

reaction turbine requires low head and high flow. Water
wheel is the best example of impulse turbine and Signor
turbine is the best example of reaction turbines.
Most common used impulse turbine is “Pelton”
Most common in use reaction turbines are Francis, Propeller
and Kaplan.
Classification of Turbines
According to the name of the
Inventors/originator.

 Pelton

 Francis

 Kaplan
 Pelton

Pelton is named after Lester Allen Pelton (1829-1908)

 Francis

Francis is named after James Bichens Francis (1815-1892)

Kaplan

Kaplan
is
named
after
Dr.
Victor
Kaplan
(1876-
1934)
Classification of Turbines
 According to direction of flow of
water.
 Tangential flow – Pelton
 Radial flow –Centrifugal type

 Axial flow – Kaplan

 Mixed – Radial & Axial – Modern Francis.

 Classification of Turbines

According to disposition of Turbine shaft.

 Horizontal shaft
 Vertical Shaft.
 Classification of Turbines
 According to specific speed .
 The specific speed of a turbine is the speed of a
geometrically similar turbine that would develop one
brake horsepower under head of one meter.
 Pelton has specific speed of the range 10 to 35.
 Francis 60 to 300
 Kaplan 300 to 1000
The gap between 35 to 60 is bridged by Turgo-Impulse
Turbine
Banki Turbine some how a mixture of Impulse and reaction
turbine covers the range from 20 to 80.
 Turbine
 Banki Turbine.
Also known as Cross-flow turbine was invented by
Prof. Donat Banki (1859- 1922) of Budapest
Technical University
On first stage it works as Impulse turbine and on
second stage it works as a reaction turbine, as
the flow from the outlet of first stage to inlet of
second stage travels in cross ward direction it is
also known as Cross-flow Turbine.
Cross flow Turbine
Usage range of turbine
 Cross flow turbine and its design

 Blade of a cross flow turbine is of

commonly used aerofoil section.
 No. of blade depends on the diameter of
the runner and varies between 28- 32.
 The experiment has shown best result for
runner diameter of 300 mm and 28 nos. of
blades.
Cross flow turbine and its design
 Cross flow turbine and its design

 Shaft of the cross flow turbine is designed

on bending stress and torsion stress.
 Middle portion of the shaft is reduced in
diameter to minimized the obstruction to
the water flow from first stage of the rotor
blade to the second stage of the rotor
blade.
Cross flow turbine and its design
 Cross flow turbine and its design

The runner width (b0) depends on discharge

.and the net head
b0 = 3.623 Q/√ Hnet
Cross flow turbine application limit
Thank you