Practical Research 2

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Ms.Anne Jasmin A. loreto, LPT.
 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

INCLUDES

• INTRODUCTION
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
 Background of the study

STEPS IN WRITING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1. Provide Existing Problem

Include the problems that exist in a general

context.
 Background of the study

STEPS IN WRITING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

2. Define the terms of your title.

Get started by defining the terms in your title.

 RELATED EVIDENCE

MACRO

These are pieces of evidences from international or

national context.
 RELATED EVIDENCE

MICRO

These are pieces of evidences from the research

locale.
QUESTION TO PONDER:

WHY IS THERE A NEED TO SEEK FOR

MACRO EVIDENCE WHEN A MICRO
ONE IS AVAILABLE?
 GENERAL PURPOSE

OBJECTIVES

1. It defines the direction of the study.

2. It distinguishes the reasons for the conduct of
the study.
3. The topic being explored is clearly and
explicitly identified.
 CHAPTER 1

IN-TEXT CITATION

The way you tell your readers that certain material in your
work came from another source.
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

1 The surname of the author, no initials or suffixes such as Jr. The year of
publication is also included.

This was seen in an Australian study (Conger, 1979).

OR
Conger (1979) has argued that...
OR
In 1979, Conger conducted a study which showed
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Cite both surnames every time the reference occurs in the text, and the year of
2 publication is also included.

...(Davidson & Harrington, 2002)

OR
Davidson and Harrington (2002)...
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Cite all surnames and publication year the first time, thereafter only the first
3-5 surname followed by et al. Note: There is a full-stop (.) after al (see below).

The first time cited: ...(Brown, Soo, & Jones, 1990).

Brown, Soo, and Jones (1990)...

thereafter:
...(Brown et al., 1990).
Brown et al. (1990)...
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Multiple works: by the same author

When cited together give the author's surname once followed by the years of each
publication, which are separated by a comma.

... (Stairs, 1992, 1993).

Stairs (1992, 1993)...
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

If the author is identified as 'anonymous'

Use Anonymous in place of the author's surname.

... (Anonymous, 1997)

 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Unknown author

Give the first few words of the title. If the title is from an article or a chapter use double
quotation marks. If the title is from a periodical, book brochure or report then use italics.

...the worst election loss in the party's history ("This is the end," 1968).
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Citing specific parts of a source

For a direct quote, the page number(s) must be given. Indicate page, chapter, figure,
table, etc. as specifically as possible. Use accepted abbreviations, i.e. p. for page, para.
for paragraph..
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Citing specific parts of a source

As one writer put it, "the darkest days were still ahead" (Weston, 1988, p. 45).

Weston (1988) argued that "the darkest days were still ahead" (p. 45).
 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Quote from an electronic source

Where page numbers are not provided use paragraph numbers.

...(Chang, 2001, para. 2)

 IN-TEXT CITATION

RULES

Personal communications

These include private letters, e-mail, and conversations. As personal communications

are not accessible to others, they are not included in the reference list.
However, an in-text citation is required.

... (R. Smith, personal communication, January 28, 2002).

R. Smith (personal communication, January 28, 2002)...
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

FORMAT AND
STRUCTURE
 FORMAT AND STRUCTURE

A. General Format
I. Title Page (1 page)
II. Content for Chapter 1 (3-4 pages)
III. References (APA format) (1 page)

B. Notices
• Times New Roman Font size 12, Paragraph and Line Spacing 2.0
• Bold Specific Headings
• Total number of pages (3-6 pages only, 8.5" x 11")
• All inputs in the paper are subjected to a plagiarism test.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

APA FORMAT IN
REFERENCES
 APA FORMAT 7TH EDITION

1. Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.

2. Year of publication of the book (in round brackets).
3. Book title (in italics).
4. Edition (in round brackets), if other than first edition.
5. Publisher.
6. DOI (where a book has a DOI this must be included, even if
you are referring to a print book).
7. The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every
subsequent line is indented 5-7 spaces.
 APA FORMAT 7TH EDITION

Magtanong et al., (2015). Exploring Life

Through Science Series, The New Grade 10
Laboratory Manual. Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.