‫الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية‬

‫الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية‬

‫‪26/12/2021‬‬
 DENG320 Week 6
Chapter 5: Transitions
Making Comparisons
Making comparisons between different genres (types) of
writing can help you to understand them. By examining
which elements are similar and which are different, we get a
better idea of the genres.

 A conversation and an interview are two genres that have

similarities and differences.
Differences Between Standard English and Global
Besides the various kinds of Standard English (spoken in
English
Australia, Canada, England, the U.S., and New Zealand, for
example), there is a new kind of English called global
English, which is being spoken more and more all over the
world by non-natives.
 Global English has its own characteristics, including the
use of nonstandard grammar, and has been described as “a
stripped down language … limited in vocabulary and
culturally neutral.”
 It is not Standard English, but it communicates, and
increasingly, it is becoming the common language of
international business, trade, and science.
Finding Support for Main Ideas
Specific details in the reading give support for the main ideas
expressed. Identifying these details gives you a better understanding
of the main ideas.

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Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing means to state something in your own words. It could
be the same length, shorter, or longer than the original. But the words
used to express the idea are your own, and usually you say it in a
manner that is easier to understand than the original.
 Paraphrasing is similar to summarizing in that you use your own
words in both cases, but when you summarize, you recount just the
main points, shortening the reading.

 When you paraphrase, you do not necessarily shorten the selection.

Recognizing Regional Vocabulary
Differences
The two most common types of Standard English that people learn
are British and American.
 Recognizing national differences in vocabulary can help you in
dealing with people who have learned English in these different
traditions or in reading materials from these countries.
Examples:

Types of English Vocabulary Spelling

Differences Differences
British English lorries honourable
American English truck honorable
Selecting Adjectives to Fit the Context
Well-chosen adjectives bring the characters and setting of a story to
life. Practice noticing good adjectives when you read, and then try to
use them in your own English writing and speaking.
Examples:
Adjective Definition
exhausted very tired, completely fatigued
exquisite usually beautiful and fine
inebriated drunk, intoxicated by alcohol or emotion
prosaic dull, unimaginative, like prose (instead of
poetry)
rejuvenated brought back to youth, made young again
Recognizing a
A flashback in a story is the description of a scene that happened
Flashback
earlier, before the time of the main story. It is important to notice the
time change. Flashbacks often give us information about the
characters, the setting (time and place), or the plot (events that form
the action).

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Predicting Story Events
Predicting action in a story helps comprehension by forcing us to
think ahead of what we are reading. As you read a story, try to think
ahead of the plot b asking yourself, “What will happen next”?

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Focus on Testing: Avoiding “Traps” in Standardized
Vocabulary Tests
In many vocabulary tests, each item is a sentence with a word in bold
type, and this is followed by four choices. You must choose the best
synonym or definition for the word in bold.
 Here are THREE tips to help you avoid the “traps” that often
accompany this test design.
1. The choices may include a word that sounds and looks like the
word in bold and begins with the same letter. It is usually, but not
always, wrong. Do not choose a word because of its similar sound
or appearance. Choose it because its meaning is similar.
Focus on Testing: Avoiding “Traps” in Standardized
Vocabulary Tests
2. The choices may include an antonym of the word in bold. Because
we learn by association, it is easy to fall into this trap and choose a
word that means exactly the opposite of the correct one.
3. The answer key may be in another section or on a different page. Be
careful to fill in the correct circle.
Identifying Spelling
Differences
Just as there are vocabulary differences in the English spoken in
different countries, it is important to recognize that some English
words are also spelled differently in British, Canadian, and American
English.
Writing Tip: Using a
Flashback
Think back to an earlier experience (a flashback) to help you clarify
in your writing the past pause for a present feeling or situation.
Reference
Wegmann, B., & Knezevic, M. P. (2014). Mosaic 2 Reading
(Sixth Edition). McGraw-Hill.
Thank
You