BRANCHES OF

PHILOSOPHY
METAPHYSICS

-Is further subdivided -Metaphysics is really

into ONTOLOGY which only an extension of a
studies existence as such fundamental and
and PHILOSOPHICAL necessary drive in every
ANTHROPOLOGY which human being to know
deals with the what is real. It is the
fundamental and study of reality.
essential characteristics
of human nature.
EPISTEMOLOGY

• The branch of • It is the study of

philosophy that studies knowledge.
the nature and means
of human knowledge.
• We need epistemology
to guide us in knowing
since we make
mistakes from time to
time.
• The first two branches of philosophy
(METAPHYSICS & EPISTEMOLOGY), are called
COGNITIVE BRANCHES. These branches provide a
description of being existence and knowing. They
are the foundations of understanding any
philosophical system.
•How do we tell good
from evil or right from
wrong ?
ETHICS

• It is also called as • The choices and actions that

morality. determine the course of his
• According to Ayn Rand life (Rand,1964). It is
ethics or morality is a concerned with the values
branch of philosophy man ought to pursue , the
that provides a human interrelationships of those
being with a “code of values and the means to
values to guide man’s obtain them (virtue).
choices and actions”.
• Ethics is the branch of • Ethics is generally a
philosophy that study of nature of
explores the nature of moral judgemnets.
moral virtue and
evaluates human
actions.
POLITICS

• Is a branch of Knows what a human

philosophy “which being is . Since
defines the principles knowledge about human
of a proper social being is provided by the
system”. According to cognitive branches of
Rand “proper” means philosophy.
proper for human
beings which
presupposes that one
AESTHETICS

• Studies the nature of • When humanity has

art. It is concerned learned to make
with the nature and something that is
the objective useful to them, they
judgement of beauty. begin to plan and
dream how to make it
beautiful .
As a branch of Philosophy, students should consider the
importance of aesthetics because of the following:

• It vitalizes our knowledge- it is a part of a play, a

poem, a story to give us new insight, to help us
see new relationship between the separated items
in our memories.
• It helps us to live more deeply and richly- a work
of art- whether a book, a piece of music, painting,
or a television show- help us to rise from purely
physical existence into the real of intellect and
the spirit.
• It brings us in touch with our
culture- things about us change so
rapidly today that we forget how
much we owe to the past.
The three branches of Because they are
philosophy concerned with the
(ETHICS,POLITICS & standard of the good. If
AESTHETICS) can be the cognitive branches
classified as the are concerned with what
NORMATIVE BRANCHES “is” the normative
of philosophy. branches are concerned
with what “ought” to be.
LOGIC

• Reasoning is the • The term “logic”

concern of the comes from the Greek
logician. word logike.
• Varied kinds of Etymologically, it
reasoning may be means pertaining to
used, and all are of the human thought.
interest to the
logician.
• Even before the time • We use logic, when we
of Aristotle down to make a decisions or
the present, the study when we try to
of logic has remained influence the decisions
important. We are of others or when we
human beings engaged in
possessed with reason. argumentation and
debate.
ARE YOU READY FOR
A SHORT
AND EASY QUIZ?
 YES or NO?
You have no choice but you need
to be ready
HAHAHA
Prepare ¼ sheet of paper!

A. Check your knowledge

Answer the following questions:
1. Which branch of philosophy deals with
arguments?
2. Which branch of philosophy evaluates human
actions?
3. The issue of whether Nora Aunor deserves to be
a National Artists falls under which branch of
philosophy?
4. It is the study of reality which is subdivided into
two ontology which studies existence and
anthropology which deals with the fundamental
and essential characteristics of human nature.
5. Is a branch of philosophy “which defines the
principles of a proper social system”.
6. It is the study of knowledge. It serve as a guide
to us in knowing since we make mistakes from time
to time.
Who consist the Greek triumvirate (3 great
philosophers) ?
7.__________
8.__________
9.__________
10. What is the complete subject name of
philosophy?
THANK YOU
&
god bless
