Backup & Recovery

Recovery Models
• Full Recovery Model
– All activities that affects the database are logged.
• Bulk-Logged Recovery Model
– Some actions are logged as having occurred but
individual rows affected are not logged.
• Simple Recovery Model
– The inactive portion of the log is truncated every
time a checkpoint is issued.
 Full Recovery Model
• All activities that affects the database are
logged.
• The transaction log contains a record of all the
modifications to the database.
 Bulk-Logged Recovery Model
• Minimal logging
• Some actions are logged as having occurred
but individual rows affected are not logged.
• During next BACKUP LOG event the affected
physical extents are copied to the log backup.
 Simple Recovery Model
• The inactive portion of the log is truncated
every time a checkpoint is issued.
• Transaction log cannot be backed up and used
for data recovery since it does not have a
complete record of all the transactions that
have modified the database.
 Backup Types
• Full Backup
• Differential Backup
• File/Filegroup Backup
• File/Filegroup with Differential
• Transaction Log Backup
• Partial Backup
• Copy Only Backup
 Full Backup
• Backups up all the data in the database and
records all database file locations.
• SQL Server logs the beginning of a Full database
backup in the transaction log and then records all
modifications made to the database for the
duration of the backup in the transaction log.
• The portion of the transaction log that occurred
during the backup is saved to the backup media.
 Differential Backup
• Backups on the data that has changed since
the last Full backup.
• Includes the portion of the transaction log
that contains database modifications that
occurred during the backup.
 File/Filegroup Backup
• Backup files and filegroups individually.
 File/Filegroup with Differential
• Like Differential
• Only available if database is in Full or Bulk-
Logged recovery model.
• Also available if filegroup is marked as Read
Only and database is in Simple Model.
 Transaction Log Backup
• Available in Full or Bulk-Logged Recovery
Models.
• Three forms:
– Pure Log Backup
– Bulk Log Backup
– Tail Log Backup
 Partial Backup
• Consists of the Primary filegroup, Read Write
filegroups, and any Read only filegroup
specified.
• Idea is to separate filegroups that can change
for filegroups that cannot change.
 Copy Only Backup
• Creates a backup without affecting the chain
of backups required to restore a database.
• They are non-logged backups that can be used
outside the maintenance envrionment.
 Backup Options
• Backup Stripe
• Mirrored Backup
• Compressed Backup
 Backup Strategies
• Full Backup Only
• Bull Backup with Differential
• Full Backup with Transaction Log
• Full and Differential Backup with Transaction
Log
• File and Filegroup Backup
• Filegroup with Differential
• Partial Backup
 Restoring Databases
• A three phase process
– Data Copy
• Data copied
– Redo Phase
• Committed transactions are restored from the log
– Undo Phase
• Uncommitted transactions are rolled back from the log
 Database Restore Preparation
• Isolate the database by placing it in
SINGLE_USER mode (if it is accessible).
• Backup up the tail of the transaction log if in
Full or Bulk-Logged recovery model.
• Gather information about all the backups that
are required to restore the database to the
most recent state.