“ We believe that if everybody involved in a project can

work to an agreed set of processes and

procedures,then we will only be more efficient, but we
will not only be more efficient, but we will be in a much
better position to meet the client’s business needs.”
Process Protocol Project

• Process Protocol Level I project is to create a

Generic Design and Construction Process Protocol

• Process Protocol Level 2 project is to develop

Process Protocol sub processes.
 Research Team
Level I project team: Level II project team:
Salford University Salford University
•Prof. Rachel Cooper
• Prof. Rachel Cooper
•Prof. Ghassan Aouad
• Prof. Ghassan Aouad •Andrew Fleming
• Dr. John Hinks •Angela Lee
• Martin Sexton •Song Wu
• Darryl Sheath
• Mike Kagioglou Loughborough University
•Prof. Tony Thorpe
•Prof. Simon Austin
•Dr. Andrew Baldwin
•Chris Carter
•Adam Greene
The Need

• Latham
– the industry needs to change
• An aid to clients (inexperienced)
• An aid to the industry
– overcome fragmentation
– improve communication
– improve coordination
– develop certainty
Aims of the Process Protocol
Level I
• To create an improved Design and Construction
Process Protocol by considering ‘Construction as a
Manufacturing Process’

• To identify the IT requirements needed to support

this process
What is a Process?

• Davenport(1993), “A process is simply

structured, measured sets of activities designed to
produce specified output for a particular
customer.”
Process Modelling

• IDEF-0
• Flowcharting
• Activity modelling
• Information flow
• Hybrid
Processes in Manufacturing
• NPD Stage/Gate Process
Processes in Construction

• RIBA Plan of Work

• British Property Federation Manual

Research Methodology
Etc..

Understanding 2

Pre-understanding 2

Understanding 1

Pre-understanding 1
Research Methodology
Research Methodology

• Process Modelling

• Information Technology mapping

 Key Principles
• Whole Project View
– has to cover the whole ‘life’ of the
project
• A Consistent Process
• – generic properties
– performance measurement
• Progressive Design Fixity
– the “stage-gate” approach
Key Principles

• Co-ordination
– process & change management
• Stakeholder involvement/teamwork
– the right people at the right time
• Feedback
– continual improvement
– legacy archive
Process Model
Phases
• The Process Protocol consists of 10 phases
– Phase 0: Demonstrating the Need
– Phase 1: Conception of Need
– Phase 2: Outline Feasibility
– Phase 3: Substantive Feasibility Study & Outline Financial Authority
– Phase 4: Outline Conceptual Design
– Phase 5: Full Conceptual Design
– Phase 6: Coordinated Design, Procurement & Full Financial Authority
– Phase 7: Production Information
– Phase 8: Construction
– Phase 9: Operation & Maintenance
Deliverables

• Deliverables represent documented project and process

information.
• These reports are compiled by Project Management to form
the phase review report as prescribed by Process Management.
• It is then presented to the Development Management and
members of the Phase Review Board at the end of each phase
for reviewing and authorization.
• The number and nature (i.e. updates, revisions, finalized) of
the deliverables presented at each phase is related to the
development stage of the project.
• The phase review documentation illustrates the likely
deliverables at the end of each phase.
Stage/Gate Process
• Formal method (reporting, decision-making)
• Emphasis on senior management involvement
• Controls & monitors the project deliverables
• Provides a framework for best practice
• Relies on competent project team members
Before a Stage

• Resource the stage

• Define activities
• Identify risks
• Satisfy the requirements of the previous phase
• Gain financial & management approval for the
phase
During a Stage

• Undertake pre-defined activities

• Work towards producing & satisfying the stage
deliverables
• Collaborate & communicate with other team
members
• Add value
• Cross-check with project success criteria
At Completion of a Stage

• Review the stage

• Produce gate/phase review document(s)
• Identify activities for next stage
• Identify resource requirements
Gates / Phase Reviews

• Project and Process review points in time that examine the

feasibility of the project against certain project and process
critical success factors. ‘Soft’ gates enable concurrency in
the process whereas ‘hard gates require the temporary
overhaul of the project until a decision to proceed is made.
These Phase Reviews are manned by a multifunctional
senior management group and representatives of the project
team, as and when required. The intent of each gate is to
assure a high quality of work performance by
multifunctional teams t each phase of the project.
Gates/Phase Reviews

• Review of the project (previous phase)

• Pre-determined points in time
• Authority to Proceed by Senior Management
Gates/Phase Reviews:Output
• Go - Allowed to proceed to next phase
• No Go - Project scrapped
• Conditional Go - Pending further work
• Conditional No Go - Pending further work (plan next
review)
Legacy Archive

• Potentially an IT solution it represents a mechanism for

recording, storing and retrieving project/process
information which can be used by project participants in
current and future projects.
Activity Zones

• Structured set of Tasks and

Processes
• Multifunctional
• Dynamic membership
• Cover the whole spectrum of skills
needed for a construction project
Activity Zones
• Development Management
• Project Management
• Resource Management
• Design Management
• Production Management
• Facilities Management
• Health & Safety, Statutory and Legal
Management
• Process Management
• Change Management
Activity Zones

Development Management

• Development Management is responsible for creating

and maintaining business focus throughout the project,
which satisfies both relevant organizational and
stakeholder objectives and constraints.
Activity Zones

Project Management

• Project Management is responsible for effectively and

efficiently implementing the project to agreed
performance measures, in close collaboration with
Process Management.
Activity Zones

Resource Management

• Resources Management is responsible for the planning,

co-ordination, procurement and monitoring of all
financial, human and material resources.
Activity Zones

Design Management

• Design Management is responsible for the design

process which translates the business case and project
brief into an appropriate product definition. It guides
and integrates all design input from other activity
zones
Activity Zones

Production Management

• Production Management is responsible for ensuring the

optimal solution for the buildability of the design, the
construction logistics and organization for delivery of the
product.
Activity Zones

Facilities Management

• Facilities Management is responsible for ensuring the cost

efficient management of assets and the creation of an
environment that strongly supports the primary objectives
of the building owner and/ or user.
Activity Zones

Health & Safety, Statutory and Legal Management

• Health & Safety, Statutory and Legal Management is

responsible for the identification, consideration and
management of all regulatory, statutory and environmental
aspects of the project.
Activity Zones

Process Management

• Process Management develops and operationalises the

Process Protocol and is responsible for planning and
monitoring each phase.
Activity Zones

Change Management

• Change Management is responsible for effectively

communicating project changes to all relevant activity
zones and the development and operation of the legacy
archive.
Process Protocol II
• Aims
– To influence “process” thinking throughout the entire
construction industry, including process, people and
technology issues.
– To indicate to the industry how to embrace “rethinking
construction” principles.
Process Protocol II

• Objectives
– To develop “sub processes” of the process protocol
– To illustrate the technology to exploit processes
– To illustrate an organizational framework for process
improvement.
– To illustrate implementation and change management
issues related to “ process” improvement
• Deliverable
– A user friendly “ Process Toolkit” to help adoption of the
Process Protocol for design and construction.
Process Mapping Methodology

Verified Model Validated Model

Drafting Phase Issue for Review Phase Review Final Version

Consult: Review Partnering Workshop: Final

PP1 Internally University Review:
Deliverables, among the external Present
Map,
Phases and
project team review Review Submit for
Activity Zone Cross Amend Publishing
Interview Amend Activity Improve
transcripts Approve Zone
Literature and interface
ideas
Existing
check
Industry
Project Amend
processes Approve
Sub Process Development
Sub Process Development

• Level 1 Process

Development Management

Prepare Outline Business Case

Dev Proj Res Des

Prod FM H&S Proc

 Sub Process Development
Connect to Level I Process
‘(Prepare) Outline Business
Case
• Level 2 Process

Development Management Production Management Development Management

Analyse Financial Analyse Initial Product Analyse Customer

Factors Factors Factors
Dev Proj Res Des Dev Proj Res Des Dev Proj Res Des
Prod FM H&S Proc Prod FM H&S Proc Prod FM H&S Proc

Facility Management

Analyse Operation
Factors
Dev Proj Res Des
Prod FM H&S Proc
 Sub Process Development

• Level 3 Process Connect to Level 2 Process

‘Analyse Financial Factors’

Project Management Resource Management Resource Management

Consider Structure Of Consider Outline Financial Cosider Financial Trade-

Funding And Financial Costs offs (including Tax and
Options Planning)
Dev Proj Res Des Dev Proj Res Des Dev Proj Res Des
Prod FM H&S Proc Prod FM H&S Proc Prod FM H&S Proc
IT and Process Protocol

• To provide an IT solution to help adoption of the

Process Protocol for design and construction
IT Map
Process Protocol Toolkit

Aims
• To produce a process model based on the Process
Protocol framework - Process Protocol Map
Creation Tool.

• To manage the process information for

construction project - Process Information
Management Tool.
Process Protocol Map
Creation Tool
Process Protocol M ap Creation Tool
Application / Browser Layer

Process M ap Creation Layer

Database Layer

M ap DataS tore

Project Process M ap (Visio file)

Process Information
Management Tool
Process M anagem ent Tool

Application / Browser

data Link

Process Inform ation M anagem ent

Layer

P roject P rocess m ap
M ap data

P rocess Inform ation

and D ocum ent