Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mak (Papaver Somniferum)
Mak (Papaver Somniferum)
Broj vrsta koje se danas nalaze u rodu Papaver još uvijek nije točno
utvrđen. Prema Kapooru (1995.), poznato je 110 vrsta; prema Carolanu
(2006.) i Mihaliku (1998.) 80; dok Kadereit i sur. (1997.) drže da rod
Papaver obuhvaća 70 vrsta koje su rasprostranjene u umjerenom
klimatskom pojasu sjeverne hemisfere. Te vrste podijeljene su unutar 11
sekcija (Kadereit, 1988.). Najviše ima jednogodišnjih i dvogodišnjih vrsta,
ali i određen broj višegodišnjih
Tehnologija uzgoja
Sjetva
Đubrenje
Sjeme koje se koristi za sjetvu treba koristiti
Mak formira relativno veliku vegetativnu kalibrirano i tretirano te poznate sorte.
masu, a ima slabo razvijen korijenov sustav, Krupno i teško sjeme (promjera iznad 1
te ga treba dobro gnojiti. Mak se može mm) ima najbolji klijavost i energiju klijanja.
gnojiti mineralnim i organskim gnojivima ili Klijavost sjemena ne smije biti ispod 80%, a
njihovom kombinacijom. Količine i vrijeme čistoća ne smije biti ispod 98%. Prije sjetve,
unošenja gnojiva treba uskladiti s plodnošću sjeme treba tretirati fungicidima i
tla, klimatskim uvjetima i planiranim insekticidima registriranim za tu namjenu.
prinosom
Plodored Obrada zemljišta
Mak obavezno treba uzgajati u plodoredu u Tlo je potrebno očistiti od korova, usitniti i
trajanju 4 – 5 godina. Na istu se površinu poravnati površinu, dok sjetvena posteljica
može sijati tek tada, inače će mak biti izložen treba biti tvrđa kako bi se sjeme moglo 10
napadu plamenjače i crne pjegavosti maka, a posijati plitko i na istu dubinu.
velike štete može mu nanijeti i makova Zbog toga je vrlo važno provesti sve
korjenova pipa. Dobrim predusjevima za mak agrotehničke zahvate kojima se uništavaju
smatraju se one kulture nakon kojih tlo ostaje korovi.
nezakorovljeno
Opijum se dobiva iz opijumskog maka zasijecanjem
tobolaca posebnim noževima dvadesetak dana poslije
cvetanja, kad čaure dobivaju žućkastu boju. Zasijecanje
se obavlja oko podneva, prilikom čega iz čauri izlazi
opijum (mliječni sok), koji se zgrušava i poprima tamniju
boju. Sljedeći se dan već ujutro ta zgusnuta masa struže,
oblikuje u grudvice, oblaže makovim lišćem i suši se.
Čaure se mogu zarezati nekoliko puta, a kasnije
dozrijevaju pa se mogu žeti i za sjeme
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Morfologija
Opijumski ili vrtni mak je jednogodišnja ljekovita, aromatična te
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