Regional Autonomy

SESSION VIII

MK CHARACTER BUILDING KEWARGANEGARAAN

LEARNING OUTCOME
LO 4: to compose reflection on wawasan nusantara, regional
autonomy, national integration, national resilience, digital literacy
and citizenship
SESSION OUTCOMES
Session Outcomes:

By the end of this session, students will be able to:

1. Define regional autonomy.

2. Describe regional autonomy development in Indonesia.
3. Analyze the regional autonomy problems in Indonesia
Regional Autonomy
Decentralization
According to Indonesian Dictionary, decentralization refers to
delegation of some part of authority in hierarchical structure (top to
bottom).

Regional Autonomy
Authority delegation in regional autonomy means development
policies planning, making and implementation will be carried out by
regional authority. In light of that matter, regional authority has
autonomy to take care of various things such as economy, politics,
social and culture.
Decentralization Categories
According to Cheema and Rondinelli:
Decentralization is categorized into:
• Administrative decentralization is an effort to redistribute authority and
responsibility from central government to local / regional government.
• Political decentralization is an effort related to the organization and procedures
in order to increase the participation of citizens to elect representatives in
government and participate in the policy-making process.
• Financial decentralization is a form of authority given to local governments to
manage their own regional finances
• Economic decentralization refers to the authority given to local governments to
take care of matters related to the management of existing economic resources
in the region.
 Development of Indonesian Regional Autonomy

Old Order
The implementation of regional autonomy was inseparable from the
efforts to improve the government system applied during the colonial
period (before independence) which tended to be centralized.
During Old Order based on constitution number 1 1945, number 22 1948 ,
and number 1 1957, regions were given great latitude to exercise
autonomy.
Development of Indonesian Regional Autonomy
New Order
The Old Order constitution was considered giving too much power to the local
government. Thus Constitution number 5, 1974 was created.
Based on Constitution number 5, 1974, a local government consists of regional
head and regional legislative. However, the central government has larger influence
than local government.
Based on chapter 15 and 17 on the aforementioned constitution, the regional head
is selected by the Ministry of Internal Affairs based on candidates that are selected
by the legislative. Explicitly, it can be concluded that the regional head is selected
based on the central government political interest, and regional head authority is
based on Ministry of internal affairs.
 Development of Indonesian Regional Autonomy
Reformation Era
Based on constitution number 32, 2004, regional heads and legislative
assembly members are elected directly by the people.
Event though directly elected by the people, there is still strong political
party contestation, so Constitution number 12, 2008 was created in so
that people who meet the criteria as regional head can nominate
themselves as regional head.
.
Purpose of Regional Autonomy
First, from a political perspective, the implementation of regional
autonomy aims to give greater authority to regions or local communities
to elect regional heads at the provincial and district levels.
Second, with the great power possessed by the regions-especially in the
fields of mining, forestry, industry, investment, public administration,
public works, education and culture, public health, transportation,
environment, cooperatives and labor affairs-local communities have
greater opportunities to participate in decision-making and provide
services for themselves.
Third, with full participation of the community, regional autonomy can
ensure that the interests and needs of citizens will not be sacrificed.
Conclusion
Regional autonomy is an important part of Indonesian national
development and a milestone in our democracy.
Through regional autonomy, citizens at the local level can participate in
the making process of development policies.