DESIGN OF FLAT PLATE

DESIGN OF FLAT PLATE

A five storey building has a line plan as shown below.
The floor consist of reinforced concrete flat plate with no edge
beam and has a ceiling height of 10 ft. The building is
subjected to gravity loads only. The dead load consist of 2 ½”
F.F, ½” ceiling plaster, 20 psf for mechanical fixtures and 45
psf for partition load. The live load = 60 psf. The external wall
weighs 410 Ib/ft. f’c = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi. Design the end
panel QQ of the floor system. Check the conditions of DDM.
 N

W E
18' 18' 18'
S
16“ x 12"
16' P Q
16“ x 16"

16' R S

16“ x 12" Col

16'

LINE PLAN
SOLUTION
Slab Thickness Refer to table 9.5 (c) of ACI Code. h
= ln/30 = 200/30 = 6.66" say 7.0"
ln= 18x12 – 16 = 200"
Check for Geometry and Loading Condition of
DDM
ACI 13.6.1 Refers
• Three or more spans is each direction
• Panels are rectangular and 18/16 = 1.125 <2.0
• Successive span don't differ
• No column offset
• Loads are due to gravity only
wd= 7x12.5+30+6+20+45= 188.5 psf say 190 psf
wl= 60 psf
2wd > wl ok
Check for Shear
 LOADS
wu = 1.2(190) + 1.6x60 = 324 psf
Assuming ¾" clear cover and # 4 bar being
used. d = 7- 0.75 - 0.5/2 = 6"
 Interior Column Critical section
22"
for
distance punchingshear
d/2 from face of is at a
support. Vu = [18x16 – 22" 16"

(22/12)2]x324
16"
= 92220 Ib
According
bo = 22x4 =to88"
ACI 11.11.2.1, Vc is smallest of the following
 18’

22"

22" 16" 16’

16"

Assumed Loaded Area for Interior Column

• V = (2+4/β)x √fc'
c b od β =(16/16)=
1.0
=(2+4/1.0) √4000x88x6 =200362 lb β= ACI(22.6.5.2)
• Vc = (αsd/bo+2)√fc'bod αs = ACI(22.6.5.3)
=(40x6/88+2) √4000x88x6 =157860 Ib.
αs = 40 for interior column
• Vc = 4√fc' bod = 4x√4000x88x6 = 133574 Ib.
Vc is the lowest of above three values i.e. 133574
ΦVc = 0.75x133574= 100180.5 Ib.
Ib. 16”

ΦVc > Vu 12”

15"
Safe
22"
 Exterior Column
 15”

22”

8.5’

18’

Assumed loaded area for exterior column

Shear is caused by floor load and weight of exterior wall.
Vu= [18x (8+0.5) – 22x15/144] 324 +[(18-16/12) 410 x 1.2]
= 57030 Ibs.
Vc is smallest of the following
Vc = (2+4/β)√ fc‘ bod = (2+4/1.33)√4000x52x6 = 98678 Ibs
β = 16/12 = 1.33
Vc = (αsd/bo+2) √fc' bod αs = 30 for exterior column
=(30x6/52+2) √4000x52x6 =107770 lbs
Vc =4 √fc’ bo d =4x√4000x52x6 = 78930 lbs
ΦVc = 0.75x78930 = 59200 Ibs.
ΦVc > Vu Safe
Total Factored Static Moment in E-W Dir and its
Distr
 Equivalent Rigid Frame on Inner Column Line
Mo = wul2ln2 /8 = 0.324x16(16.67)2/8 = 180.07 kft
ln = 18 - 16/12 = 16.67 ft
0.65 0.35 0.65
D.F
- ve moment = 0.65Mo= 117.05 k'
+ ve moment = 0.35Mo= 63.02 k'
Moment in Column Strip
l2/l1 = 16/18= 0.89, αl2/l1 = 0
- ve moment in C.S = 75 %
+ ve moment in C.S = 60 %
 N

W E
18' 18' 18'
S
16“ x 12"
16' P Q
16“ x 16"

16' R S

16“ x 12" Col

16'

LINE PLAN
 Direct Design Method
ACI 13.6.3 – Sets of M-Coeffs in End Spans
Definition of Column Strips and Middle Strips
Distribution of negative and positive moment
Distribution of Moment

Location Total C.S Moment (k') M.S.Moment (k')

E-W Dir 117.05 117.05x0.75 = 87.78 29.26

- ve moment

E-W Dir 63.02 63.02x0.6 = 37.81 25.21

+ ve moment
 Equivalent Rigid Frame on Outer Column Line
Mo= 0.324(8+0.5)x (16.67)2/8+ 0.41 (16.67)2/8 x 1.2
= 112.75 kft 0.65 0.35 0.65

D.F. For interior span

- ve moment = 0.65Mo = 0.65x112.68 = 73.29 kft
+ ve moment = 0.35Mo = 0.35x112.68 = 39.46 kft
Percentage moment in C.S.=Same as for inner column line.
Distribution of moments
Location Total Moment C.S.(kft) M.S .(kft)
E-W Dir 73.29 73.29x0.75= 54.97 18.32
- ve moment
E-W Dir 39.46 39.46x0.60 = 23.67 15.79
+ ve moment
Total Factored Static Moment in N-S Dir and its Distr
Mo= wu l2 ln2/8
= 0.324x18(14.83)2/8 = 160.40 kft
•ln = 16 - (6+8)/12 = 14.83 ft
0.26 0.70
• D.F. 0.52
•Ext –ve moment = 0.26Mo= 41.70 k'

•+ve moment = 0.52Mo= 83.41 k'

•Int –ve moment = 0.70Mo= 112.28 k

•Percentage Moment in C.S.
•l2/l1 = 18/16, = 1.13
α l2/l1 = 0 βt = 0
Ext –ve moment in C.S = 100 %
+ve moment in C.S = 60 %
Int –ve moment in C.S = 75
 Direct Design Method
ACI 13.6.3 – Sets of M-Coeffs in End Spans
Distribution of negative and positive moment
 N

W E
18' 18' 18'
S
16“ x 12"
16' P Q
16“ x 16"

16' R S

16“ x 12" Col

16'

LINE PLAN
Distribution of Moments.
Location Total moment C.S kft MS kft
N-S Dir 41.7 41.7 0.0
Ext -ve
N-S Dir 83.41 0.6x83.41=50.05 33.36
+ ve moment
N-S Dir 112.28 0.75x112.28=84.2 28.07
Int -ve moment
 Design of Slab Reinforcement Panel Q
Strip Loc Muk’ b ft Mu/ft d” ρ As No of Remarks
kft
in2 bars
E-W Dir -ve 87.78 8 10.97 6 0.006 3.46 18
2x1/2 C.S +ve 37.81 8 4.72 6 0.00258 1.49 8
E-W Dir -ve 29.26 8 3.66 6 0.00208 1.2 7 Use ρmin
2x1/2 M.S +ve 25.21 8 3.15 6 0.00208 1.2 7 Use ρmin
E-W Dir -ve 54.97 4.5 12.2 6 0.00669 2.17 12
1/2 C.S +ve 23.67 4.5 5.26 6 0.00288 0.93 5
E-W Dir -ve 18.32 4 4.58 6 0.0025 0.72 4
1/2 M.S +ve 15.79 4 3.95 6 0.00216 0.63 4
N-S Dir Ext-ve 41.7 8 5.21 5.5 0.0034 1.8 10
2x1/2 C.S +ve 50.05 8 6.26 5.5 0.00408 2.15 11
Int-ve 84.21 8 10.53 5.5 0.00686 3.62 19
N-S Dir Ext-ve 0 10 0 5.5 0.00227 1.5 8/9 Use ρmin
2x1/2 M.S +ve 33.36 10 3.34 5.5 0.00227 1.5 8/9 Use ρmin
Use ρ
Asmin = 0.0018 bxh = 0.0018x12x7 = 0.15 in2

ρmin in E-W direction = 0.15/(12x6) = 0.00208

ρmin in N-S direction = 0.15/(12x5.5)= 0.00227
Area of steel can be calculated from flexural formula.
Mu = ɸρbd2fy(1-.59ρfy/fc )
’
 C.S M.S C.S
8' - 0” 10' - 0” 8' - 0”

12#4T 5#4B 12#4T C.S

10#4T 9#4T 10#4T 4' - 6”

8#4T 8#4B 8#4T M.S

11#4 9#4B 11#4 8' - 0”
B B

18#4T 8#4B 18#4T C.S

8' - 0”
19#4T 9#4T 19#4T

REINFORCEMENT PLAN
DESIGN THE INTERIOR PANEL S OF THE ABOVE
FLOOR SYSTEM
Solution
1. Slab Thickness Same as for exterior panel i.e. 7"
3. Total Factored Static Moment in E-W Dir and its
Distribution Same as for exterior panel on interior column
line
4. Total Factored Static Moment in N-S Dir and its Distr
Mo = wul2ln2/8 = 0.324 x 18 (16-16/12)2/8 = 156.82 k

0.65 0.65
D.F
0.35
.
 N

W E
18' 18' 18'
S
16“ x 12"
16' P Q

16“ x

16"
16' R S

16“ x 12" Col

16'

LINE PLAN
 - ve Moment = 0.65 Mo = 101.93 k'
+ve Moment = 0.35 Mo = 54.89 k'
Percentage Moment in C.S.
l2/l1 = 18/16 = 1.13 αl2 / l1 = 0
+ve moment in C.S = 60%
- ve moment in C.S = 75%
Distribution of Moment
Location Total Moment C.S moment M.S moment
N-S Dir 0.75x101.93=
-ve moment 101.93 76.45 25.48
N-S Dir 0.6x54.89=
+ve moment 54.89 32.93 21.96
5.Design of Slab Reinforcement - Panel S

Strip Loc M kft b ft Mu/ft d ρ As No of Remark

k' in in2 #4 Bar

E-W Dir -ve 87.78 8 10.97 6 0.006 3.46 18

2x1/2 C.S +ve 37.81 8 4.72 6 0.00258 1.49 8

E-W Dir -ve 29.26 8 3.66 6 0.00208 1.2 7

ρmin
2x1/2 M.S +ve 25.21 8 3.15 6 0.00208 1.2 7
“
N-S Dir - ve 76.45 8 9.56 5.5 0.00619 3.27 17
2x1/2 C.S +ve 32.93 8 4.12 5.5 0.00267 1.41 8

N-S Dir - ve 25.48 10 2.55 5.5 0.00227 1.5 8

ρmin
2x1/2 M.S +ve 21.96 10 2.20 5.5 0.00227 1.5 8
“
 As min =0.0018 bxh= 0.15 in2

ρ min in E-W direction = 0.15/(12x6) = 0.00208

ρmin in N-S direction =0.15/(12x5.5) = 0.00227

Area of steel2 is calculated using flexural formula.

Mu = ɸρbd fy(1- 0.59ρfy/fc )
’

For example for moment of 10.97 kft, As is calculated as fol

12x10.97 = 0.9 ρ 12 (6)2 60 (1- 0.59 ρ 60/4)
8.85ρ2 – ρ + Mu/1944 = 0
ρ = 0.0060
As = 0.006x8x12x6 =
6 Sketch
C.S M.S C.S
8' - 0” 10' - 0” 8' - 0”

18#4T 8#4B 18#4T

C.S
17#4T 9#4T 17#4T 8' - 0”

7#4T 7#4B 7#4T

M.S
8#4B 9#4B 8#4B 8' - 0”

18#4T 8#4B 18#4T C.S

8' - 0”
17#4T 9#4T 17#4T

Reinforcement Plan
 C.S M.S C.S M.S C.S

C.S 6#4T 8#4B 12#4T 5#4B 12#4T

6#4T 9#4T 10#4T 9#4T 10#4T

8#4T 10#4B 8#4T 8#4B 8#4T

M.S
7#4B P 10#4B 11#4 Q 9#4B 11#4
B B

10#4T 12#4B 19#4T 8#4B 18#4T

C.S 12#4T 9#4T 9#4T
19#4T 19#4T

7#4T 8#4B 7#4T 7#4B 7#4T

M.S
5#4B R 9#4B 8#4B S 9#4B 8#4B

10#4T 12#4B 19#4T 8#4B 18#4T

C.S
11#4 9#4T 17#4T 9#4T 17#4T
T
Thanks