CROP ROTATION

SRI VENKATESWARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

A Community Service Project

On
CROP ROTATION
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Under the guidance of: Submitted by

Mrs.A.Saritha, M.tech,(Ph.D)., A.Asvitha 209E1A0501

Associate Proffesor &HOD, A.Yogendra Varma 209E1A0503
Department of CSE. B.Balaji 209E1A0515
B.Annapurna 209E1A0521
D.Damodhar 209E1A0551
CONTENTS:

1) ABSTRACT
2) INTRODUCTION
3) APPROACHES TO CROP ROTATION
4) PRINCIPLES OF CROP ROTATION
5) STEPS IN CROP ROTATION
6) CASE STUDY
7) BENEFITS OF CROP ROTATION
8) LIMITATIONS OF CROP ROTATION
9) BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
10) CONCLUSION
 ABSTRACT

• Crop Rotation is the “process of growing a series of different types of crops in the same
area across a sequence of growing seasons”.
• Rotating different crops can break pest cycles and add extra nutrients to the soil. It builds the
Soil fertility, Control diseases.
• Improper implementation can cause much more than the good.
• Selection of right crops for rotation should be based on source of moisture(through rain or
water), status of nutrients in soil, duration of crop and marketing facilities.
• From this , we assess how soil structure influences crop growth and yield. We also briefly
consider how soil structure might contribute to other beneficial effects of rotations.

KEY WORDS: Crop Rotation, Soil fertility, Soil nutritions, Sequential cropping,
Crop yield, Soil structure.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT: Lack of awareness on Crop Rotation leading
to less Soil Fertility and Reduce Crop Yield.
INTRODUCTION
• Crop rotation refers to the practice of
planting different crops on the same
plot in a sequential order over a period
of years or cropping seasons to avoid
depletion of soil nutrients and to
combat weeds, pests, and diseases.
• Crop rotation is different from mixed
cropping which refers to the practice
of growing two or more crops together
on the same piece of land.
• The practice of crop rotation has been
in use for over a thousand years and
has proven to be an effective soil
management technique.
 Rotation of Crops

• Growing the same crop in the same plot year after year (monoculture) inevitably
unbalances the soil nutrient composition as certain nutrients gets depleted while other
build up depending on the requirements of the crop
• Crop rotations are an important part of any sustainable agricultural system.
• Effective crop rotations are a foundation of organic cropping systems. Crop rotation
plans and records are a necessity for organic certification of a farm.
 APPROACHES TO CROP ROTATION

 Rotating crops by edible parts

Plants of the same family but different
edible parts tend to suffer from the same
soil borne pests and diseases and absorb
same nutrients from the soil.
For example, tomatoes and potatoes are
both from the Solanaceae family but have
different edible parts. Under this system,
tomatoes will be classified as fruit and
potatoes as roots. Being from the same
family, both are susceptible to same types
of pests and diseases.
Planting one after the other on the same
plot will not only create problems for the
farmers but will give a poor yield because
of lack of nutrients.
 Rotating crops by families

A more common approach of crop

rotation is rotating by crop families.
This allows grouping of plants with
similar maintainance requirements
together and helps reduce the risk of
unintentionally passing on crop-
specific-dwelling pests and diseases
to the next crop. The crop families
are listed in the following figure:
 PRINCIPLES OF CROP ROTATION

• Allow a minimum gap of three to four years before replanting the same crop on the same
plot of land.
• The crops with deep roots should be followed by those which have shallow root system.
Planting a deep rooted crop after a shallow rooted crop allows the deep rooted crop to tap
nutrients while the shallow part of the soil replenishes and vice versa. This gives the soil
sufficient time to replenish the lost nutrients at different soil level.
• A leguminous crop should follow high nitrogen demanding crops. This is important
because the leguminous crop will replenish the soil with atmospheric nitrogen and increase
the soil organic matter content. Legumes use less nitrogen and more phosphate while non-
legumes have high demand for nitrogen and low demand for phosphorous. Alternating
these crops helps maintain the soil nitrogen and phosphorous levels.
• Exhaustive crops which take up high amount of soil nutrients should be followed by less
exhaustive crops with lower demand for soil nutrients.
• Crops of different families should not be grown in succession to minimize the possibility of shared

pests and diseases which leads to problems. For example, potatoes should not follow

tomatoes because they suffer from the same type of blight capable of wiping out the entire

crop.

• Considering planting non-host plants for a year or two if nematodes become a problem.

• For sloppy plots, crops which promote erosion (maize) should be followed by crops that are

erosion resistant (cow peas).

• In regions with limited rainfall and irrigation facilities, high water demanding crops should

be followed with low water demanding crops.

• Weed susceptible crops should be followed by weed suppressing crops.

 STEPS IN CROP ROTATION

 List all the crop types and the

number of crops you want to grow.
 Sort the crops according to their
botanical families.
 Divide the growing are into equal
sections. Sections should be equal to
the number of years for the planned
rotation.
 Plot where you will plant each
selected crop each year.
 Keep records of what happened in a
year, use the information for next
year.
 CASE STUDY
 Survey about crops in Ramapuram Village
Cropping pattern : It is the yearly sequence and spatial arrangements of crops and fallow on a
given area.
Objectives

 To study the cropping pattern of the village and to find out the main cropping sequence.
 To study area under cultivation in different cropping seasons.
 To study irrigation status of the village.
 To assess the cropping intensity index of the village.
 To know the problems in farming and to provide suitable solutions.
Cropping pattern followed in Ramapuram village
Mainly mango based cropping pattern is followed in this village.
I. Mango-Turmeric- Banana
II. Mango-Wheat-Papaya
III. Mango-wheat-Turmeric
 Area under cultivation in different seasons

 Farmers Crop selection Decisions in Ramapuram village

The characteristics of the farm and region determine the crops that can be successfully grown.
• Climate
• Soils
• Crop Markets and prices
• Water facility
• Land availability
• Personal preference
• At the survey they describes how they
select the crops for cultivation and also
they explained how it improves soil
fertility and reduce erosion. They also
conclude that crop rotation is best to
control pests and weeds. Srikanth says
that I don’t have much land so
occasionally he uses crop rotation .
Mostly he uses intercropping methods.
They treat soil as goddess and they
mention a point that they were used
remove slippers before going to do
work in fields.Thus farmers over here
have more concern about soil. a) Srikanth b) Harinath c) Srinivas
Photos of the survey
 Questionnarie From Survey

1. What are the benefits of rotating crops ?

Some of the benefits of rotation are increased diversity of soil life, reduced pests,control
diseases.

2. How to create nitrogen ?

Alfalfa is a crop used in rotation and a kind of necessary want to create nitrogen .You can
get nitrogen from other sources but alfalfa also does a lot of root building and soil
enhancement.

3. When do you rotate your crops ?

We rotate crops primarily because it’s a good erogonomic thing to do, and secondly it’s a
requirement of the organic system to do that.

4. What’s your production plans ?

Crops with high demand for inputs (better care, better tillage, more insecticide) should be
followed by crops with relatively less demand for the above mentioned inputs. For example,
crops like maize or wheat should be followed by crops like chickpeas, runner beans and
kidney beans.
Data gathering
Sl. Problem Name of the Age Causes Methods to Crops involved in Pesticides
No Identified candidate Overcome the problem rotation required

1. Small land B.Harinath 40 Decrease in farmers Inter cropping, Maize-Soybean- DDT,

holdings capacity to invest Subsistence farming Oat Organic
in land. fertilizers

2. Diseases in K.Surya 42 Affecting crop yield Avoidance of cultivation Potato-Peas-Radish Fungicides,

crops and economic under conditions when Herbicides,
efficiency. leaves are wet, use Insecticides
disease-resistant
varaities.
3. Soil Erosion V.Ganesh 35 Rainfall and Crop Rotation Corn-Wheat- Nicotine,
flooding, Grazing Soybean Vermicomp
ost

4. No plant T.Suresh 37 Temperature Crop Rotation Rice-Wheat NPK, Plant

growth extremes, Drought refresh

5. Soil erosion V. Anirudh 41 Impact of Crop Rotation. Inter Wheat-Corn- Green

Raindrops of bare Cropping Soybeans manure, NR
soil, floods
Benefits of Crop Rotation

 Reduces dependence on fertilizers use

 Enhances soil fertility

 Increases crop yield

 Resource utilization

 Better soil structure

 Improves soil quality

 Means of Erosion control

 Natural pest and disease control

Fig. Three-year Crop Rotation plan
Limitations of Crop rotation

 Does not allow specialization

 Higher investment in machinery

 More demand on time

 Oppurtunity cost

 Risky
Benefits of Community Service Project

 Community Service helps connect to the

community

 It benefits your career prospects

 Boost confidence

 Increases social skills

 Raises social awareness

 Through community service, students

gain real-world experience and practice
important habits like leadership,
problem-solving and time management.

By the Community for the Community

 Conclusion

Crop rotation has a number of environmental benefits and is being widely considered in agriculture.
It also has its risks such as less overall profitability because of decreased acreage of a highly
valuable crop. Higher investment and low relative efficiency in machinery used for several crops is
also an outcome.
Complicated rotations require more livestock and crop species. Hence the farmer may need added
skills and make more time and equipment investments initially. In spite of these, crop rotation is
highly beneficial and it is only required to determine the suitable rotation in order to benefits the
sustainability and productivity of the farm.
THANK YOU