Welcome to our

EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE CLASS
DAY 20: Tracking the Circulatory
System and Nervous System
DAY 20: Tracking the Circulatory
System and Nervous System

Lesson Targets:
❏ Differentiate each of the major parts and functions of
the circulatory and nervous system
❏ Trace the flow of blood in the human body
Circulatory System (Transport
System)
It consists of the heart and blood

vessels. It also includes about 5.5

liters of blood that your heart

transports through your blood

vessels.
Heart

it is a muscular organ

that rhythmically

contracts to force

blood around the

body.
Atrium

- The upper chamber

of the heart; receive

blood returning to the

heart from the body.

Ventricles

- The lower chamber

of heart; pump blood

from heart to the

body.
Valve

- controls the flow of

blood through the

heart by opening and

closing during the

contractions of the

heart.
Blood flow sequence
● (Blood: Deoxygenated) Vena Cava (Superior/Inferior) → Right Atrium → Tricuspid

Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs (Capillaries) → (Blood:

Oxygenated) Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic

Arch (carotid, axillary, aorta) → Organs

Blood Vessels
● tubes transporting blood around

the bodies of many animals,

which together with the heart,

make up the transport system.

Arteries
● thick in size; take oxygen-rich

blood away from your heart.

Veins
● thin in size; take blood back

toward your heart.

Arterioles

● are tiny branches of arteries that lead to

capillaries.

Venules

● a very small vein, especially one collecting blood

from the capillaries.

Capillaries

● are very tiny blood vessels that form a connection

between arteries and veins;facilitate the transfer

of oxygen, nutrients and wastes in and out of your

body.
Blood
● it carries water, nutrients, waste

products and oxygen to and from

your body cells. A young person

will have up to a gallon of blood,

whereas an adult will have about

5 quarts of blood.
Red Blood Cells
● - take oxygen from your lungs and

transport it to the rest of your

body cells. After delivery, it

gathers up the carbon dioxide and

delivers it back to your lungs.

White Blood Cells
● these blood cells play a role

in fighting off germs

(phagocytosis)
Platelets
● it helps stop bleeding. When

you cut yourself, platelets

start accumulating at the

opening and plug up the

hole to stop bleeding.

Plasma
● made in the liver, it is the

liquid part of your blood; it

helps maintain blood

pressure and regulates body

temperature.
Nervous System
● • it enables the body to respond quickly to

changes in the environment by

accomplishing the following functions:

1.) gather information; 2.) transmit

information to processing areas in brain and

spinal cord; 3) process the information; 4.)

send information to muscles, glands,

and organs.
Neurons
● it is the functional units of structure and

function of the nervous system; it carries

information through the nervous system

in the form of nerve impulses. Parts: cell

body, dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, axon

terminal.
Neurons
● Sensory Neurons (afferent)- receive initial stimuli from sense
organs.
● Interneurons (connector)- connect sensory neuron, motor neuron,
and other interneurons.
● Motor Neuron (efferent)- conducts impulses away from CNS,
towards organs and muscles.
● Nerve Impulse- is a wave of chemical and electrical change that is
conducted along the membrane of a neuron, which is basically from
sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron.
Central Nervous System
● process the
information and
respond by
sending nerve
impulses.
Brain
● exert centralized
control over the
other organs of
the body.
Cerebrum

● the largest region of the brain (85%) where learning, intelligence, and

judgment occur. It also controls all our voluntary (under your control)

activities, plus the attitude, emotion and personality.

Venules
● Cerebellum- coordinates the actions of the muscles to maintain

balance, equilibrium, and posture, resulting to smooth, steady, and

efficient movements.

Brain Stem
● coordinates many survival functions of the brain

such as breathing, heart rate, sleep, and

wakefulness. (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata,

● hypothalamus)
Spinal Cord
● relays nerve
impulses to and
from the brain;
sometimes,
bypassing the
brain to create
“shortcut”,
automatic
responses known
as reflexes.
 Peripheral Nervous System
● it is the link
between CNS to
the rest of the
body. It gathers
and
● delivers
information to and
from the CNS.
Somatic Nervous System

stimulates skeletal muscles under our

conscious control.
Autonomic Nervous System
- stimulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
(involuntary)

Parasympathetic- it keeps the body functioning even it is not

active; it is most active under normal conditions.

Sympathetic- it dominates in times of physical or emotional

stress, especially “fight- or-flight” situations