What is ideology?

Ideology refers to a set of beliefs, values, principles, and ideas that

form the foundation of a particular system of thought, culture, or
political and social structure. Ideologies often guide and influence
the behavior, decisions, and actions of individuals, groups, or
societies.
Significance of ideology:
Basis for Nationhood:
It serves as the foundational concept that defines Pakistan as a
separate nation. Pakistanis are bound together by their shared Islamic
faith and cultural heritage.
National Unity:
The ideology of Pakistan plays a crucial role in uniting the diverse
ethnic and linguistic groups within the country under a common
religious and national identity.
social and Cultural Identity:
It guides cultural and social practices, including the celebration of
Islamic festivals, cultural events, and the promotion of the Urdu
language.
 Two Nation Theory

The Two-Nation Theory is a foundational concept in the context of

the Pakistan Movement. It is the idea that Muslims and Hindus in
British India were not just two religious communities but two
distinct nations with their own social, cultural, religious, and
historical identities. This theory was a significant driving force
behind the demand for the creation of a separate Muslim state,
which ultimately led to the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.
 Growth of separation among Muslims
 Urdu Hindi Controversy
 Urdu, born in India through the mingling of languages
brought by various invaders like Arabs, Persians, and
Turks, was initially known as the language of the Muslims
during the Mughal rule. However, it was adopted and
promoted by all communities across India.
 In 1867 the Hindus of Banaras presented a request to their
government regarding the replacement of Urdu with Hindi
and its Persian script with that of Devnagri script. Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan at that demand remarked that when even the
language of a nation is not safe at the hands of other
nations in a region, it would be unwise to continue living
with them.
Religious/ Ideological Factors:
• Muslims (Islam)
• Hindus (Hinduism)
The Muslims and Hindus have different religions. Islam preaches Tauheed
and believes in
equality of man before law. Muslims are believed of oneness of ALLAH, Holy
Prophet
(P.B.U.H). The Holy Book holds a cohesive approach towards life. Whole the
Hindus follow the
religion which is based on the concept of multiple Gods. They follow a caste
system and the
society is divided into four classes.
Cultural Factors:

Muslims follow an Islamic culture while Hindus follow self built

culture. Muslims bury their dead ones while Hindus burn them.
Both Hindus and Muslims have totally opposite culture.
Hindu is a narrow-minded nation who does not believe the
philosophy of equality. They consider themselves superior, thus
the "Uttar Pradesh," and used to call Muslims ‘Maleech’
(impure).
There was no concept of eating and drinking together.
Furthermore, Muslims were not allowed
to touch the food items of Hindus. There was only way out for
the Muslims, to demand a separate homeland where they would
have freedom
Economic Factors:
• Islam believes in circulation of wealth (Zakat)
• Hinduism believes in capitalist economy

After 1857, Muslims economy was crushed and all the trade
policies were formed in such a way so as to destroy the Muslims
ambition. They were thrown out of Government services and
their estate and properties were confiscated. However, the
Hindus were provided ample opportunities
to make program.
Congress Ministries (1937-1939) Congress Government :

While all this is understandable, it is important to remember that

there was no right or wrong side to the partition. Muslims, Sikhs,
Christians and Hindus were all under attack. It is true that
majority of Muslims were killed however, though people may not
change, the world changes every day.
 Three colored Flag “Tranga”.
 Undue interference in Administration.
 Bande Matram.
 Introduction of Hindi in place of Urdu.
 Nehru campaign in order to crush the Muslim League.
 Wardha Scheme (Domination of Hindu Culture)
 Ban of Cow Slaughter.
 Ban to perform religious rites. 
Plotting against Muslim Governments.
 Hindu-Muslim Riots.
 Azan was prohibited and frequently interrupted