SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON
LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. SUDHA ARORA UTSAV GOYAL
Head Of Department 46529 (EE1)
Electrical Engineering
 CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
2. Operating Principle
3. Construction
4. Types of Linear Induction Motors
5. Equivalent Circuit
6. Effects in Linear Induction Motors
7. Advantages
8. Disadvantages
9. Applications
10.Future Aspects
11.Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
• A Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is an alternating
current, asynchronous linear motor that works by the
same general principles as other induction
motors but is typically designed to directly produce
motion in a straight line.
• The history of linear electric motors can be traced
back as far as the 1840s to the work of Charles
Wheatstone at King's College in London, but his
model was too inefficient to be practical.
• Nikola Tesla invented the induction motor in 1887.
• The German Engineer, Hermann Kemper built a
working model of LIM in 1935.
 OPERATING PRINCIPLE
• The LIM operates on the same principal as of a three
phase induction motor.
• When the primary of an LIM is excited by a balanced
three phase power supply, a traveling flux is induced in
the primary instead of rotating 3 φ flux, which travels
along the entire length of the primary.
• Electric current is induced into the aluminium
conductors or the secondary due to the relative motion
between the traveling flux and the conductors.
• This induced current interacts with the traveling flux
wave to produce linear force or thrust F.
• If the secondary is fixed and the primary is free to
move, the force will move the primary in the direction
of the force, resulting in the required rectilinear motion.
 CONSTRUCTION
• Construction of a linear induction motor is
similar to that of a three phase induction motor.
• In LIM stator and rotor are called primary and
secondary respectively.
• If the stator of the three phase induction motor is
cut along the section aob (as shown in figure)
and laid on a flat surface, then it forms the
primary of the LIM housing the field system,
and consequently the rotor forms the secondary
consisting of flat aluminium conductors with
ferromagnetic core for effective flux linkage.
Deriving a LIM from a three phase induction motor
 TYPES OF LIM
• A LIM may have a moving primary and fixed
stationary or moving secondary with fixed primary.
• LIM are of two types:
1. SLIM (Single Sided Linear Induction Motor)
2. DLIM (Double Sided Linear Induction Motor)
• If the LIM has only one primary, it is called as single
sided LIM.
• If a LIM has two primaries face to face, a double
sided LIM is obtained.
Single Sided Linear
Induction Motor

Double Sided Linear

Induction Motor
 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
The equivalent circuit of a linear induction motor
is same as that of a three phase induction motor.
 EFFECTS IN LIM

The various effects in a linear induction motor are:

• End Effect
• Gap Effect
 END EFFECT

• The main difference between LIM and

conventional induction machines is that LIM has
ends.
• This means that the travelling magnetic field cannot
join up on itself, and introduces end effects.
• The end effects can result in characteristics that are
much different from three phase induction
machines.
 GAP EFFECT
• Conventional induction motors have a very small air
gap of the order 2mm or less.
• In case of LIM, air gap is of the order 5cm for traction
purposes.
• Due to large air gap, motor has high reluctance and
losses. Therefore, efficiency is low in comparison of
the conventional motors.
 ADVANTAGES

• Economical & Cheap Maintenance

• Simple in structure
• High acceleration/deceleration
• No gear Requirement(No need of
mechanical rotatory-to- linear converter)
 DISADVANTAGES

• End effect is present.

• Large air gap is present.
• Power factor and efficiency are low.
• Extra vibrations with distortions occur.
• High in cost
• Heating issues
 APPLICATIONS
• Small Linear Motors:
a) Conveyor systems
b)Airport baggage handling
c) Accelerators and launchers
d)Pumping of Liquid metal

• Large Linear Motors:

a) Transportation(Low & Medium Speed trains)
b)Sliding Doors Closure(Malls, Metros)
c) People movers
d)Material handling and storage
 FUTURE ASPECTS

• Improving the equivalent circuit model of the

LIM by introducing various realistic factors like
end effect, edge effect, air-gap flux etc.
• The LIM is designed and analysed in its steady
state only. The transient behaviour of the LIM
is not analysed.
• Improvements to the proposed model can be
suggested by trying different winding
configurations.
 CONCLUSION
• A Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is an alternating
current, asynchronous linear motor that works by
the same general principles as other induction
motors and produces motion in a straight line.
• There are two types of LIM- Single sided LIM and
Double sided LIM.
• The various effects which occur in a LIM are:
1. End Effect
2. Edge Effect
3. Gap Effect
THANKYOU!