Parts of The Plant

Roots
2 Types of Root Systems

Taproot System
Primary root grows down from
the stem with some small
secondary roots forming

Examples: Carrots & Turnips

 Roots
Fibrous System
Small lateral roots that spread
out just below the soil’s surface

Examples: Corn & Beans

Parts of the Root
Epidermis
Outermost layer of cells

Cortex
Tissue inside epidermis that stores
starch and other substances
necessary for the growth of the root
 Parts of the Root
Root Cap
Provides protection for the root tip

Root Hairs
Site of absorption

Vascular Tissue
Within cortex, contains cells that transport water,
nutrients, and minerals to all parts of the plant
 Root Functions
Roots have 4 primary functions

1. Absorption of water and nutrients

(performed by root hairs)

2. Transportation of water and nutrients to stem

3. Anchor plant to maintain stability

4. Store food and water

 Leaves
Blade
Main body of leaf
Petiole
Attaches blade to stem

Midrib
Large central vein
 Leaves
Apex
Tip of leaf

Base
Attaches to petiole, if petiole is absent attaches
directly to stem

Margin
Edge of leaf
 Leaves
Epidermis
Responsible for gas and water exchange

Stomata

Opening in epidermis where gas and water exchange

Mesophyll

Middle layer of leaf where photosynthesis occurs

Important Functions of Leaves

Photosynthesis

Process that plants use to produce their food

6CO2 + 6H2OC6H1206 + 6 O2

Transpiration

Loss of water and exchange of carbon dioxide

 Parts of the Stem
Node
Areas where side branches and
leaves develop from

Internode
Area between nodes

Lenticles
Small holes located in the stem
(breathing pores)
 Functions of the Stem
1. Transports water and nutrients from roots to
leaves

2. Supports leaves, fruits and flowers

3. Food Storage
Fruit Classification
Aggregate

Develop from a single flower

with many ovaries

Examples: Strawberries & Tulips

 Fruit Classification
Multiple

Fruit develops from a

group of tightly clustered
flowers

Examples: Pineapples & Figs

Fruit Classification
Simple

Develop from a
single ovary

Examples: Cherries & Tomatoes

Fruit’s Function
Site of seed production
 Flower Parts
Pistil
Female part of plant

Consists of:
•Stigma
•Style
•Ovary
 Flower Parts
Stamen
Male reproductive organ

Consists of:
•Anther

•Filament
 Flower Parts
Petals
Highly colored part of the flower, may contain
perfume and/or nectar glands

Sepals
Small green structures on the base of a flower
that protect the flower bud
 Flower Classification
Complete flower Has all four male and female parts

Incomplete flower Missing one of the four male or female

parts

Perfect flower Has stamens and pistils

Imperfect flower Lacking either stamens or pistils

 Flower Function
Sexual Reproduction is the flowers sole function

Pollination by:

Wind

Insects and Birds

 Parts of the Seed
Embryo
Growing part of seed

Cotyledon
Food storage tissue
 Parts of the Seed

Seedcoat
Protective outer covering of the seed
 Parts of the Seed

Epicotyl
Germinating leaf

Hypocotyl

Germinating stem
 Parts of the Seed

Radicle
Germinating root
 Types of seed
• Monocot – has only 1 cotyledon

• Dicot – has two cotyledons