Planning Data

Analysis
Data Analysis
In planning you data analysis in quantitative
research, you also need to consider your research
problem, type of data, hypothesis, and scale used
in your research instrument.
Data Analysis
Data analysis in research is a process in which gathered information are
summarized in such a manner that it will yield answers to the research questions.
During quantitative data analysis, gathered information were broke down and
ordered into categories in order to draw trends or patterns in a certain condition.
In quantitative research, the numerical data collected is not taken down as a
whole. In order to understand it better, it is analyzed into components based on
the chosen research variables and research questions you are going to answer.
These numerical data are usually subjected to statistical treatment depending on
the nature of data and the type of research problem presented. The statistical
treatment makes explicit the different statistical methods and formulas needed
to analyze research data.
Planning your Data Analysis
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE
Provides a summary of the ordered or sequenced data from your research
sample. Examples of these tools are:
Frequency Distribution
Measure of Central Tendencies (mean, median mode)
Standard Deviation
Inferential Statistics
Used when the research study focuses on finding predictions; testing hypothesis;
finding interpretations, generalizations and conclusions. Since this statistical
method is more complex and has more advanced mathematical computations,
you can use software to aid your analysis.
Types of Statistical Analysis of Variables
1. Univariate Analysis – Analysis of one variable.
2. Bivariate Analysis – Analysis of two variables such as the independent and
dependent variables.
3. Multivariate Analysis – Analysis of the multiple relations between multiple
variables.
Statistical Tests in Quantitative
Research
Statistical tests work by calculating a test statistic – a number that describes how
much the relationship between variables in your test differs from the null
hypothesis of no relationship.
It then calculates a p value (probability value). The p-value estimates how likely
it is that you would see the difference described by the test statistic if the null
hypothesis of no relationship were true.
If the value of the test statistic is more extreme than the statistic calculated from
the null hypothesis, then you can infer a statistically significant relationship
between the predictor and outcome variables.
If the value of the test statistic is less extreme than the one calculated from the
null hypothesis, then you can infer no statistically significant relationship
between the predictor and outcome variables.
Choosing the Statistical Tests
Statistical tests are used in hypothesis testing.
They can be used to:
• determine whether a predictor variable has a statistically significant
relationship with an outcome variable.
• Estimate the difference between two or more groups.
Statistical tests assume a null hypothesis of no relationship or no difference
between groups.