‫بسـمـ آللهہ آلرحمـن آلرحيـﮯمـ‬

‫تحت إشراف ‪/‬‬ ‫اعداد الطالب ‪/‬‬

‫د‪/‬عبدربة‬ ‫محمد نجيب داعر‬
‫محمد كنعان‬
 How are emergency cases classified?

The Emergency Department offers a 24-hour service with hospital doctors with
additional support on call from general practitioners, anesthetists and surgeons.
All nursing staff have advanced skills in supporting life.
When the injured person arrive, he will be met by a special emergency nurse
called a triage nurse.
The triage nurse assesses the severity of the patient's condition.
This system allows patients with life-threatening problems to be seen first.
Patients are examined accordingly Urgency, not arrival time
In general, the sorting system consists of five levels
 Sorting
A verb in French that means classification. Most patients who enter the
emergency department They are received by a nurse
Triage, which will conduct a brief assessment of the patient and make a decision
on his level Severity of injury or priorities of care

Care priorities and triage levels

Matching standards and developing triage levels is done through emergency
departments, each according to what it deems necessary. Some cases may agree
at some levels and may differ in determining the case At what level? Most sorting
systems include 5 levels…
 Level I Resuscitation
Cases that require immediate evaluation by a nurse or doctor. Any delay in treatment may pose a risk to
the patient’s life

These include the following cases:

1- Airway compromise

2- Cardiac arrest

3- Severe shock Severe shoc

4- Cervical spine injury

5- Multiple system trauma

6- Altered level of consciousness

7- consciousness (LOC) unconsciousness

8- Eclampsia during pregnancy

 level ll emergency
cases that require evaluation by a nurse and doctor during 15 minutes from the patient's arrival.

These include the following cases:

1-Head injuries. 2- Severe trauma. 3- Lethargy or agitation

4-Conscious overdose. 5- Severe allergic reaction -

6-Chemical exposure to the eyes. 7- Back & Chest pain

8- Gastrointestinal bleeding with unstable vital signs. 9- Stroke with deficit in the nervous system

10- Severe asthma attack. 11- Abdominal pain in patients older than age

12- Vomiting and diarrhea with dehydration. 13- Fever in infants younger than 3 months

14- Acute psychotic episode. 15- Severe headache

16- Any pain greater than 7 on a scale of 10 17- Any sexual assault
 third level: Urgent sorting
Cases that require evaluation by the nurse and doctor within half an hour of arrival.

These include the following cases:

1- head injury with vomiting

2- Moderate asthma Moderate asthma attack

3- Moderate trauma

4- Physical harm or the effects of abuse or neglect

5- Gastrointestinal bleeding with stable vital signs

6- History of seizure
 fourth level, sorting, is less urgent
Cases that require evaluation by a nurse and doctor within an hour of arrival.

These include the following cases:

1- Head injury without vomiting

2- Minor trauma

3- Vomiting and diarrhea in patient older than age 2 without dehydration

4- Earache

5- Minor allergic reaction

6- Corneal foreign body

7- Chronic back ain

 Fifth level: non-urgent sorting
Cases that require evaluation within two hours of the case’s arrival

These include the following cases:

1- Sore throat
2- Minor symptoms
3- Minor symptoms
4- Chronic abdominal pain Chronic abdominal pain
Global sorting systems
1- Canadian Triage System
2 - Australian Triage System
3 - English Triage System
4 - Italian Triage System
 Conventional classifications Conventional classifications for sorting
In the advanced triage process infected people are sorted into categories.
Traditionally, there are five classifications with corresponding colors and
numbers although this may vary by region.

These include the 4 following cases:

1- Black/Expected They are so badly injured that they will die from their wounds,
perhaps in hours or days.

Major burns to the area, severe trauma, a fatal radiation dose, or in a life-
threatening medical crisis. Cardiac arrest, shock, or severe head injuries are
unlikely to survive their lives. Care is available Or chest):

Their treatment is usually palliative, such as giving painkillers, to relieve suffering.

 Conventional classifications Conventional classifications for sorting
2- red / Immediate need immediate surgery or other life-saving intervention, and have first
priority for surgical teams or transport to advanced facilities; They can't wait but will likely
stay with treatment immediately.

3- Yellow / Observation Their condition is stable at the moment but requires monitoring by
trained personnel and repatriation tried repeatedly, you will need hospital care and will
receive immediate priority care under conditions "Natural").

4- Green / Wait Walking injured They will need a doctor's care in several hours or days but
not right away They may wait several hours or be asked to go home and come back the next
day Broken bones without compound fractures, many soft tissue injuries).

5- White / exclude walking wound have minor injuries adequate first aid and home care,
care doctor not required. Injuries occur such as minor cuts or burns.
 Sorting stages

1- Principled evaluation
2- Medical history.
3- Clinical evaluation.
4- Confirm the main complaint.
5- Give the color code.
6- Re-evaluation.
 Sorting stages

2 - Medical history
1 - Principled evaluation
-The main symptom or complaint.
general look
-Symptoms accompanying the infection.
A -dirty stream
-Current signs and symptoms
B -breathing. -Evaluation of pain (degree, location, spread,
C -pulse and blood circulation duration).
-Details of the accident or injury (taken from
D -lack of awareness or nervous
the injured person, if possible, or from one of
disorders. his relatives or a paramedic).
 Sorting stages
4 - Confirm the main complaint
3- Clinical evaluation.
-It must be confirmed that the main
1- Quick examination of the patient / quickly, complaint suffered by the patient is present,
wisely and attentive. and has it gotten worse or improved?
2- Evaluation of vital signs: -Then link the evidence together and predict
the disease according to the clinical
- Arterial pressure… - Pulse.
symptoms and with all wisdom and
- Number of breathing times. - the heat knowledge.
- The percentage of oxygen concentration in -Or establish a differential diagnosis to
the blood. -Glasgow scale GCS. avoid fatal mistakes.
 Sorting stages

5 - Give the color code
Based on the examination, vital signs and
chief complaint, a color code is given:
red
6- Re-evaluation.
-The injured person is re-evaluated according to the
appropriate time and the patient's clinical condition.
The color code is re-evaluated and modified when
necessary

yellow -.For example, a conscious patient may come to the

emergency department, then after a quarter of an
green
hour he loses consciousness due to internal bleeding
blue and goes into shock. Here, a change is made from
one symbol to another or from one color to another.
white
 A wish we hope will come true

We hope that training programs and virtual scenarios

(acting) will be conducted for students, trainees and
workers in emergency departments by institutes,
training centers and hospitals on sorting cases and how
to classify them, code them and deal with them. All
this in order to avoid confusion in the field when
dealing with real cases
 ‫وآنهہ لجهہآد نصـر آو آسـتشـهہآد‬

‫وآلسـآلمـ عليـﮯگمـ ورحمـهہ آللهہ وبرگآتهہ‬

THANKS