PRINCIPLES OF

DOPPLER
ULTRASONOGRAPHY

JOHNREN M. SIABOC ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL- SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 PRE-TEST
Direction: Match Column A to Column B. Write your answers in the blank
provided before each number.

01
 JUMPSTART
Vocabulary Enrichment Direction: Complete the graphic organizer below by
listing word/s associated with the term “Variable.”

_____

_____ VARIABLE _____

02 _____
 03

TOPICS….

1 VARIABLES

2 TYPES OF VARIABLES
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VARIABLES
Each person/thing we collect data on is called an
observation. Such observation posses a variety of
characteristics, it could be the same for every member of the
group and called constant. But if the characteristic of a
particular observation differs for group members, it is called a
variable.
The root of the word variable is related to the “vary”
which should help us understand what variables might be.
Variables are elements or entities, or factors that can change; for
example, temperature, the cost of gasoline and your weight are
all examples of variables. A variable is not only something that
we could measure, but also something that we can manipulate
and something we can control.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES
A. Continuous Variables
1. Interval Variables: Values that
lie along an evenly dispersed
range of numbers. It is a variable
whose data values are ranged in
real interval and can be as large as
from negative infinity to positive
infinity.
2. Ratio Variables: Have values
that lie along an evenly dispersed
range of numbers when there is an
absolute zero.
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B. Discrete Variables
1. Nominal Variables: Represents
categories that cannot be ordered in
any particular way. These are
variables whose data is non-
numeric labels that do not reflect
quantitative information.
2. Ordinal Variables: Represents
categories that could be ordered
from smallest to greatest. It refers to
variables where there is meaningful
order or categories but there is no
measurable distance between
categories.
 OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES

01

Independent Variables: Variables

which are manipulated or controlled 02 03
or changed. It is what the researcher
studies to see its relationship or
effects(presumed possible cause). In Dependent Control Variable
Text variables
other words, independent Variable
are those that cause changes in the
subject.
Example: In a salt tolerance
experiment, the amount of salt added
to each plant’s water is an
independent variable.

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OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES

02

Dependent Variable:
01 The dependent variable is a response 03
variable or output. It is the factor that is
observed and measured to determine the
Independent effect of the independent variable; it is Control Variable
Variable the factor that appears, disappears and
varies as the researcher introduces,
removes or varies the independent
variable.
Example: Any measurement of plant
health and growth as a result of the
independent variable.
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OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES

03

Control Variable:
01 02 Control variables are factors
controlled by the experimenter to
cancel out or neutralize any effect on
Independent Dependent the observed phenomenon. A single
Variable Variable study cannot examine all of the
variables in a situation or in a person;
some must be neutralized to guarantee
they will not exert different or
moderating effects on the relationship
between the dependent and
independent variable.
Example: The temperature and light in
the room the plants are kept constant,
and the volume of water given.
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OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES

04

Intervening Variable:
It is the factor that theoretically 05
effects observed phenomenon but
can not be seen, measured or
Text must be
manipulated; its effects Confounding
inferred from the effects of the Variable
independent and moderate variable
in the observed phenomenon.
 OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES

05

Confounding Variable:
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Those that are not actually measured
or observed in the study. They exist
but their influence cannot be directly
Intervening
detected in the study.
Variable
Example: (Salt tolerance experiment)
Pot size and soil type might affect
plant survival as much as more than
salt additions. In an experiment you
would control these potentials by
holding them constant.

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EXPLORE
Enrichment Activity 1: Knowing the definition of variables, check all
words in the list that can operate as a variable in research

___1. Water ___9. Handwriting

___2. Skills ___10. Guardian Angel
___3. Ghost ___11. Class size
___4. Experience ___12. Academic Grades
___5. World ___13. Economic Status
___6. Dreams ___14. Gender
___7. Reading comprehension ___15. Temperature
___8. Voice
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Enrichment Activity 2: Read carefully the statements below and try to

identify the dependent and independent variable. Write your answers in
the blank provided.
Dependent Variable: Variables that represents the outcome of the
experiment.
Independent Variable: Variables you manipulate in order to affect the
outcome of an experiment.
a. A student studies 3 types of bread. He measured the time it takes to
grow molds.
DV:_____________________________________
IV:______________________________________
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b. The masses of rats were measure after they were fed with different
types of cheese.
DV: _____________________________________
IV: _____________________________________
c. A student changes the number of hours he studies for a test to see
how it affects his test scored.
DV: _____________________________________
IV: _____________________________________
d. Eating breakfast in the morning can increase test scores in math.
DV:_____________________________________
IV: _____________________________________
DEEPEN 14

Using your phone and internet connection, search for at least 5 titles related to
your own field of specialization (HUMSS, STEM, TVL, GAS, ABM) and try to
identify the dependent and independent variable. Use the template found below:

Research Title Dependent Variable Independent Variable

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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GAUGE
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in the blank provided before each
number.
____1. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers when there is an
absolute zero are called __________.
a. Interval Variables b. Nominal Variable c. Ordinal Variable d. Ratio Variable
____2. Variable whose data values are ranged in real interval and can be as large as from negative infinity
to positive infinity are ________.
a. Interval Variables b. Nominal Variable c. Ordinal Variable d. Ratio Variable
____3. Categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way are called ___________.
a. Interval Variables b. Nominal Variable c. Ordinal Variable d. Ratio Variable
____4. The factor that is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable in an
experiment is __________.
a. Dependent Variables c. Independent Variable
b. Control Variable d. Intervening Variable
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GAUGE
____5. Factors controlled by the experimenter to cancel out or neutralize any effect on the observed
phenomenon are __________.
a. Dependent Variables c. Independent Variable
b. Control Variable d. Intervening Variable
____6. Factors that theoretically effects observed phenomenon but cannot be seen, measured or
manipulated are __________.
a. Dependent Variables c. Independent Variable
b. Control Variable d. Intervening Variable
____7. Variables that are not actually measured or observed in the study are ________.
a. Dependent Variables c. Independent Variable
b. Confounding Variable d. Intervening Variable
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GAUGE
____8. Number of students taking a statistics course is an example of what type of variable?
a. Discrete Variable c. Independent Variable
b. Continuous Variable d. Intervening Variable
____9. Number of cars is an example of what type of variable?
a. Discrete Variable c. Independent Variable
b. Continuous Variable d. Intervening Variable
____10. Variables that are held constant are called _______.
a. Dependent Variables c. Independent Variable
b. Control Variable d. Intervening Variable
____11. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what is the independent
variable?
a. Higher Education c. Higher income
b. Better occupation d. None of these
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GAUGE
____12. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what is the dependent
variable?
a. Higher Education c. Higher income
b. Better occupation d. None of these
____13. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what is the intervening
variable?
a. Higher Education c. Higher income
b. Better occupation d. None of these
____14. In the statement; “How Stress Affects the Mental State of Human beings,” what is the dependent
variable?
a. Stress c. Mental health of human being
b. Both A and C d. None of these
GAUGE
____15. In the statement; “How Stress Affects the Mental State of Human beings,” what is the
independent variable?
a. Stress c. Mental health of human being
b. Both A and C d. None of these

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 Thank you!
Do you have any question?