POST-HARVEST

MACHINERY PAES
200 Series
Mechanical grain dryer wherein the grain in fixed amount is held in the
drying chamber in batches until the grain reaches the desired moisture
content.

Batch Type
Batch type dryer wherein a fixed amount of grain is held stationary in a
horizontal grain holding bin.

Vertical Bin Type

What is the maximum moisture gradient for rice in a recirculation type
of grain dryer?

2%
In drying rice using a mechanical grain dryer, what is the efficiency for
a direct-fired petroleum based fuel?

90%
The noise emitted by the heated-air mechanical grain dryer shall not
exceed ______ dB.

92
Average temperature of the air to be used for drying the grain, measured
at a number of points as close as practicable to its entry to the grain bed.

Drying Air Temperature

Volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of grains per
second.

Air Flow rate

Kernels, whole or broken, which are light green and chalky with soft
texture.

Immature Kernels
Pressure in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform distribution of air
flow through the grain mass, expressed in Pascal.

Air Pressure
Milling test of the samples obtained during drying test shall be
conducted at least _______ hours after the drying test while air-dried
samples shall be milled when its moisture content reaches _______.

48 hrs, 14%
The grain to be used shall be homogeneous and the moisture content
should be at least _______ for rice and corn.

2%
Amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage of the total
weight of the sample, wet basis.

Moisture Content
Formula in getting the percentage of wet basis for moisture content of
the rice grain.

𝑴𝒐 − 𝑴𝒊
𝑴𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 ,% 𝒘 . 𝒃= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒐
Total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying time.

Fuel Consumption
Type of shelling unit consisting of a cylinder with shelling elements
such as knife bar or pegtooth.

Cylinder-type
Machine used to detach, separate and clean the corn kernels from the
cobs.

Corn sheller
Difference between the percent cracked sample taken before and after
the shelling operation.

Net Cracked Kernel

Electric motor, a gasoline or diesel fed engine used to run the sheller.

Primemover
For uniform result of output due to variation in kernel moisture content
and purity, the output capacity shall be corrected at _____ purity and
_____moisture content.

100%, 20%
Ratio of the weight of clean corn kernels, to the total weight of unclean
corn kernels sample, expressed in percent.

Purity
What is the formula in getting the by-product recovery?

𝑾𝒕 . 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒚 − 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄 , 𝒌𝒈
% 𝑩𝒚 − 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 , 𝒌𝒈
Shelled corn of either dent or flint varieties.

Corn Kernels
Milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.2 mm to 1.4 mm.

Grit #14
Ratio of the weight of degerminated corn kernel sample, to the initial
weight of the sample, expressed in percent._______________

Degerminator Efficiency
Weight of corn kernel per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit,
expressed in kilogram per hour. _____________

Input capacity
What is the formula in getting the percent main product recovery?

𝑾 𝑯 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄 ,𝒌𝒈

% 𝑴𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 , 𝒌𝒈
The noise shall be taken approximately _____ cm away from the ear
level of the operators and baggers.

5 cm
Weight of the milled corn collected per unit of time. ___________

Feed Rate
Ratio of the weight of the green coffee bean (GCB) blown by the huller
fan, including the weight of the GCB in the blown unhulled coffee
beans, to the input GCB, expressed in percent (%). __________

Blower Loss
Ratio of the total weight of the cleaned GCB collected at all outlets to
the input GCB, expressed in percent (%). __________

Hulling Efficiency
Ratio of the weight of GCB collected in the GCB outlet to the weight of
input dried parchment coffee or dried coffee cherry, expressed in
percent (%). __________

Hulling Recovery
Preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior
to the conduct of the test until the operation is stable. __________

Running-in Period
Dried parchment coffee or dried coffee cherry to be used shall be from
commonly or locally grown coffee variety with _________ moisture
content (wet basis).

9% - 12%
Roaster that utilizes forced hot air to simultaneously agitate and roast
green coffee beans (GCB) through convection. ____________

Air Roaster
Medium brown in color, no oil on the surface of the RCB with internal
temperature of _______ °C to _______ °C.

210 °C to 220 °C
Minimum percentage of roasting recovery for coffee roaster.
___________

80%
A rubber roll for rice mill shall have a minimum thickness of
__________ mm.

15 mm
The rubber roll when tested shall have hulling efficiency of at
least_______.

80%
Component of rice mill made of rubber bonded to an inner metal drum
core use for hulling. ____________

Rubber Roll
The tensile stress of the rubber roll shall be ______ kPa to ______ kPa.

6200 kPa to 8268 kPa

Unhulled grain of Oryza sativa l., that is grain with hull enclosing the
grain. ___________

Paddy
Start the test run and record the speed (rpm) of both rubber rolls with
and without load. One roll should rotate ________ % faster than the
other.

25%
Outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and lemma)
consisting of the empty glumes, floral glumes, and awn. ___________

Rice hull
Classification system that indicates the uniformity of grind in the
resultant product; sum of the weight fractions retained above each sieve
divided by 100. ______________

Finenes Modulus
The noise emitted by the hammer mill shall not be more than ______db
(A).

96 dB
Device use for grinding which is a result of the impact between the
particles and hammers, which are mounted on a shaft rotating along a
horizontal axis. ________________

Hammer mill
The amount of test material to be supplied shall be at least _______ %
of input capacity of the hammer mill.

75%
Three 100 g milled samples from the output chute shall be shaken using
a laboratory sieve shaker with standard screen sieves for a period of
_______ min.

100 min
Knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the
knives are essentially parallel to the axis of rotation. ____________

Drum Type
Type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are dropped
down to the bottom of machine. ____________

Let-fall type
Type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are blown up
through the blow-up pipe. ____________

Blow-up type
The amount of test material to be supplied shall be at least ________
% of input capacity of forage chopper.

75%
Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of
the machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the forage
chopper on its respective side. ____________

Overall Width
Ratio of the weight of the fresh chopped materials collected at all
outlets, to the total fresh weight of the input of the chopper,
expressed in percent. ___________

Chopping Efficiency
Ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at all outlets, to
the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent.
__________

Blower loss
Broken kernels and/or scratched as a result of shelling operation.
__________

Mechanically Damaged kernels

Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the
horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the shelling unit.
___________

Overall height
Shelled kernel received at all outlet with respect to the total kernel
input expressed as percentage by weight. __________

Shelling efficiency
The amount of test material to be supplied shall be at least ________
% of input capacity of peanut sheller.

75%
Formula in getting the moisture content of the kernel in wet basis.
___________

𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 , 𝒈

% 𝑾𝒆𝒕 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒔= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒌𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔 , 𝒈
Devices intended to slice the crop into chips with reasonable
consistency within a range of optional settings. ___________

𝑪𝒖𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅
The noise emitted by the chipping machine shall not be more than
______ db (A)*.

𝟗𝟐 𝒅𝑩
Size reduction machine either power or manually operated which is
used to cut or slice root crops or banana into small thin pieces called
chips. _________

𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒆 / 𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓

Ratio of the weight of the chips collected at all outlets, to the total
weight of the input of the chipper, expressed in percent.
_____________

𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
Angle of orientation of the chipping plate with respect to the
horizontal plane. ___________

𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆
Angle of inclination of the blade with respect to the chipping plate.
______________

𝑹𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆
Auxiliary conveyor to assist in feeding the crop to the threshing
cylinder. ____________

𝑪𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
Loss classified according to source, including all field losses
attributable to the machine. ___________

𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔
All matters other than grains such as paddy stalks and leaves, and
weeds. ______________

𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔
Computed rate of being able to reap palay in a given area per unit of
time. _____________

𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

Cutting elements (i.e. knife) should be made of either __________ to
________or __________or its ISO equivalent.

𝑨𝑰𝑺𝑰 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎 , 𝑨𝑰𝑺𝑰 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟓 , 𝑨𝑰𝑺𝑰 𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟎

What is the recommended reel speed? ____________

𝟐𝟓 % 𝒕𝒐 𝟓𝟎 %
The recommended peripheral speed of the threshing drum is?
_____________

30 m/s
Small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve with
round perforations of 1.4 mm in. diameter. ______________

′
𝑩𝒓𝒆𝒘𝒆 𝒓 𝒔 𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
Grain or fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than
eight-tenth (8/10) of the average length of the whole grain.
____________

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝑹𝒊𝒄𝒆
Ratio of the weight of grains that do not break in the process of
milling and with a size of eight-tenth (8/10) or more of the whole
grain to the total weight of milled rice, percent. ___________

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝑹𝒊𝒄𝒆

Extent or degree by which the bran layer and germ have been
removed. ______________

𝑴𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆
Rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers and
the greater part of the inner bran layers have been removed but part
of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers may still be present on
15% to 40% of the sample grains.

𝑾𝒆𝒍𝒍 − 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑹𝒊𝒄𝒆

Ratio of the dry weight of fiber extracted and total fresh weight of
stalks/leaves, expressed in percent. ____________

𝑭𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚
Dry weight of the fiber at 13-14% moisture content extracted per
unit time. _______________

𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
Properties of the fiber which deal with its anatomical characteristics
such as length, diameter, lumen and wall thickness. __________

𝑴𝒐𝒓𝒑𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔
The amount of test materials to be supplied shall be at least ______
% of input capacity (kg/h) of decorticator.

𝟕𝟓 %
Freshly extracted coconut oil containing moisture, fiber, resins,
colors, etc. from copra. _________

𝑪𝒓𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝑶𝒊𝒍
Motor-driven extrusion type machine capable of extracting crude oil
from copra for use in cooking, soapmaking, or as ingredient in other
foods such as baked or fried goods. __________

𝑶𝒊𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓
The minimum percent crude oil recovery of oil expeller shall be
_______%.

𝟔𝟎 %
The maximum temperature measured from the expeller barrel shall
not exceed _______⁰C.

𝟕𝟏 ⁰ C
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in a?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝒂𝒏𝒌
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in b?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in c?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in d?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒘 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒆𝒓𝒔
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in e?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑩𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 / 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒂
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in f?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑨𝒖𝒈𝒆𝒓
What is the missing part of the wheeled-type combine in g?

a b
c

g
d

f e

𝑹𝒆𝒆𝒍
Type of fuel from living organisms such as plants, animals and their
by-products. _________

𝑩𝒊𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑭𝒖𝒆𝒍
Ratio between the total weight of recovered ginger tea (instant
“salabat”) and the weight of sugar added to the input juice, expressed
in percentage. ______________

𝑪𝒐𝒐𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚
Length of time measured from the time the burner is turned on until
it is turned off. ___________

𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆
Machine that cooks ginger juice to produce ginger tea (instant
“salabat”). _____________

𝑪𝒓𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒓
Weight of input juice per batch, expressed in kilogram per batch.
_____________

𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
Component of the crystallizer that is used in stirring to attain the
desired consistency of the mixture to produce ginger tea (instant
“salabat”). _____________

𝑷𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒍𝒆
The burner shall provide the required heat for the operation of
____ºC –____ºC and shall be provided with an enclosure to
minimize dissipation of heat.

to 150 ºC
The minimum cooking recovery for crystallizer shall be ____ %.

𝟗𝟎 %
9. Ratio of the extracted juice and the total weight of the input
crop, expressed in percent. ___________

𝑱𝒖𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚