Activity 1 : Index

of Diversity
Population
 is a group of living things
within a certain area that are
all of the same species
 Species
 A group of living organisms
consisting of similar individuals
capable of exchanging genes
or interbreeding.
Measuring Population Density
Population Density - is a measurement of
population per unit area or unit volume; It is
frequently applied to living organisms, and
particularly to humans
.

Population Density =number of individuals

area
Example:
Suppose 60 ants live in a 4 sq m plot of grass.
What would be the population density of ants?
What would the population density be if 100
ants
live in 4 sq m plot of
grass?
QUESTION:

WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE

POSSIBLE CAUSES FOR THE
DIFFERENCES IN POPULATION
DENSITY?
 LIMITING FACTORS:
Anything that limits the size of a population like
certain environmental conditions are called LIMITING
FACTORS

Limiting Factors keep population from:

 Increasing in size and
 Help balance an ecosystem

Examples of Limiting Factors:

1. Availability of food 4. Light Temperature
2. Water and 5. Soil Nutrients
3. Living conditions
 Carrying Capacity
The maximum population size an environment
can support is called CARRYING CAPACITY
 If the population size rises above the carrying
capacity, organism die because they cannot meet
all their needs.
Let’s- “THINK”-tion
Combination
LION
DUGONG
Monkey-Eating
Eagle
Threatened
Blue Whale
Philippine Crocodile
Orangutan
Endangered
Dodo
Dinosaurs
Extinct
Endangered
Species?
Threatened
Species?
EXTINCT?
Species?
When species
population
becomes so low
that only few
remain, the
species is
considered
ENDANGERED.
1. Tamaraw in Mindoro
2. Mouse Deer in Palawan
3. Philippine Deer
4. Monkey-eating eagle
Aquatic species like;
1. Dugong(manatee) found in Negros,
Batangas, and Leyte are in danger of
EXTINCTION
Dugong(Mantee)
There`s a particular
species that declines
so fast that it
becomes endangered
and it is said to be
threatened.
 EXTINCTION
Is the disappearance of a species when the last of
its members die.
Cause:
 Changes to habitats, due to
increasing population
# Natural vegetation in the area has been
cleared.
# Concrete structures and other
organisms gradually take
over the area.
# Some areas were
 Have you eaten?
Did you turn on an
electric light, ride a
tricycle or jeepney, or
use a computer today?
 Natural resources are
materials in the environment
that people use to carry on
with their lives.
But are you using these natural
resources wisely?
Will the time come when these
materials will no longer be
available to you?
 Local and Global Issues that
contributed to Species
Extinction
Deforestation
- one of the country`s environmental problems is
the rapid rate at which trees are cut down.
- in the Philippines, the major causes of
deforestation are:
@ Kaingin
Farming @ Illegal
Logging
@ Conversion of agricultural lands
to housing projects
@ Forest Fires
Kaingin Farming
 As a consequence of cutting down
trees, the following effects are:
Soil erosion
Floods
Decrease in wildlife resources that
will eventually lead to extinction
Wildlife Depletion, deforestation is
one of the major causes of the
disappearance of wildlife species.
Philippine Eagle

Dugong (manatee) Tarsie

Water Pollution
a major problem in lakes, rivers and
ponds is EUTROPHICATION – is the process
by which a body of water becomes enriched
in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates)
that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant, life
usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved
oxygen.
- it happens when the concentration of
organic nutrients that comes from domestic
garbage and thrown in bodies of water,
increases rapidly.
EUTROPHICATION
Air Pollution
cars are the one of the major
contributors to air pollution.
Pollutants can enter the air as gases,
liquids or solids. Cars burn fuel and
produce harmful gases:
@ carbon dioxide
@ nitrogen
oxides & @
hydrocarbons
Harmful Pollutants found
in Air In Metro Manila where a
great volume of
travel each
blankets day, the cars
oxides smog
hydrocarbons
nitrogen from area,
car
and
exhaust react with water
vapour or dust particles
and produce new
irritating chemicals
 Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
Greenhouse Effect – is the natural process
of warming the Earth.
-is a process of trapping of heat by gases in the
Earth`s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket
over the Earth, holding in the heat that would
otherwise radiate back into space.
-but as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
increases, greenhouse effect also intensifies this
will lead to global warming.

Global Warming - is an increase in the earth`s

temperature from the rapid buildup of CO2 and other
gases. This in turn, could change the world climate
Destruction of Coastal Resources
Coral reefs and Coastal mangrove forest in the
Philippines serve as breeding grounds and nurseries
of marine fishes.
But due to man`s activities, coastal areas are getting
destroyed these activities include:
@ deforestation, agricultural activities, and
mining activities
@ dynamite fishing and muro-ami
@ coastal areas` conversion to beach resorts, and
residential
Destruction of Coral
Reefs
Dynamite Fishing

Damaged mangrove
areas
Acid Precipitation - commonly known as acid rain.
Rainwater is normally acidic, because carbon
dioxide is normally present. Other pollutants, mostly
sulfur and nitrogen oxides, make rainwater even
more acidic, with pH of 5.6 or lower

•Acid Rain, can be harmful to living things.

@ It causes yellowing of leaves of trees and
cause leaves to fall.
@ Nutrients can be lost from the soil.
Acid Rain
 Human Activities and
Overpopulation
- the most of the environmental problems
nowadays.
People are beginning to realize that the way they
interact with the environment must change to
ensure the survival of all living things. This is one
of the big challenge to maintain resources
needed for survival while ensuring that they will
still be available in the future. This is a practice
called SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Means
that the rate at which society uses renewable
resources does not exceed the rate at which the
resources are generated.
THANK
YOU!!!!
ACTIVITY 3
Endangered
But Not
Extinct
YET
Guide Questions:

1. What happened to the

toothpick grasshoppers over
time?
2. What factors might
account for differences in
the total number of
toothpick grasshoppers in
each group?
3. In Nature, what factors
might account for
differences in the total
number of grasshoppers?
GENERALIZATIO
N
EVALUATION
Write only the letter of
the correct answer.

1. An endangered species is
one that is.
A. Already extinct
B. Already Dangerous
C. In danger of extinction
D. Already out of control
2. These are particular
species that declines so
fast that it becomes
endangered.

A. Endangered Species
B. Threatened Species
C. Extinct Species
D. None of the choice
3. Which of the following
occurs when the last
member of a particular
species dies?

A. Extinction
B. Deforestation
C. Reforestation
D. None of the choices
4. What extinct bird
has been unseen in the
wild since the 1600s?

A. Paradise Parrot
B. Nicobar Pigeon
C. Dodo
D. Po'ouli
5. Which of the
following is considered
to be extinct?

A. Blue Whale
B. Tamaraw
C. Dinosaur
D. Dugong