PCB 3063 – PRODUCTION ENGINEERING I

Important Information
 Outcome Based Education (OBE)
 Structure of the course (outlines/contents)
 Lesson plan (Micro-teaching, lecture, buzz-group, chalk and talk,
etc.)
 Teaching evaluation (Anonymous feedbacks)
 UTP attendance policy (University required to present
monthly report on the international attendance to MOHE – Min. of
Higher Educ.)
 Assessment plan
 Attendance
 Assignment/Classwork
 Test/Quiz
 Exam
 Course Major Contents
 Overview of well performance concepts

 Nodal analysis

 Well stimulation concepts

 Artificial lift methods

 Contents (Cont’d)
 Overview of well performance
concepts
 Flow regimes in a reservoir
 Darcy’s equation
 Skin effect
 Productivity Index (PI or J)
 Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR)
 Factors Influencing Inflow Performance

 Assignments and Review

 Contents (Cont’d)

 Nodal analysis
 System components
 Flow regimes in vertical pipes
 Construction of Outflow curves
 Application of nodal analysis in tubing sizing

 Assignments and Review

 Contents (Cont’d)

 Well stimulation concepts

 Introduction – (reasons for stimulating)
 Candidate selection
 Stimulation techniques

 Assignments and Review

 Contents (Cont’d)

 Artificial lift methods

 Bean pumping
 Electrical submersible pumping (ESP)
 Gas lift
 Progressive cavity pump
 Hydraulic pumping
 Assignments and Review
 References
 Lake, L.W. (2007): ‘Petroleum Engineering Handbook’, SPE Richardson

 Gray, F. (1995): Petroleum Production in Non-Technical Language’,

Second Edition, Pennwell Corporation

 Cholet, H. (2000): ‘Well Production Practical Handbook’, Technip

 Economides, M.J.; Hill, A.D.; and Ehlig-Economides, C. (2008):

‘Petroleum Production System’, Prentice-Hall PTR

 Guo, B.; Lyons, W.C.; and Ghalambor, A. ((2007): ‘Petroleum Production

Engineering’, Elseviers’ Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford, U.K

 Allen, T.O. and Roberts, A.P. (2004): ‘Production Operations 1 and 2’,
Fourth Edition, OGCI and PetroSkills Publications,

 Beggs, H.D. (1991): ‘Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis’.

OGCI Publication
Lecture 1 – Introduction

Review of Basic Concepts

 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this class, students should be able
to:

 Describe the flow regimes in a reservoir

 Mathematically differentiate between the flow

regimes

 Illustrate graphical representation of pressure vs

radial distance at different times for each of the
flow regimes
 Review Topics
 Types of Flow
 Transient flow (Infinite acting reservoir)

 Steady state (CPB exists)

 Pseudo-steady state (NFB exists)

 Concept of skin
 Transient flow (Infinite acting
reservoir)

 (Dirichlet/Inner-Boundary condition)
 Steady state (CPB exists)
 Pseudo-steady state (NFB
exists)
 Flow regimes in a reservoir
Pressure (psi)

Transient Late
transient

Steady state

Pseudo-steady state

Time (hr)
Class Attempt:

Can you sketch the Pressure (P)

vs Radial Distance (r) Curve for
each of the flow regimes?
Pressure vs Drainage Radius Profiles for Different
Time Intervals (Steady State Flow)

𝑷𝒊
Pressure (psi)

𝐭 = 𝐭 𝟏 ,𝒕 𝟐 , … 𝒕 𝒏

Radial distance (ft)

Profiles of Pressure vs Drainage Radius at Different
Time Intervals (Transient Flow)

𝐭 = 𝐭 𝟎=𝟎
𝑷𝒊
𝐭 = 𝐭𝟏
Pressure (psi)

𝐭 = 𝐭 𝟐 ,𝒕 𝟑 , … 𝒕 𝒏

Radial distance (ft)

Profiles of Pressure vs Drainage Radius at Different
Time Intervals (Pseudo-Steady Flow)

𝑷𝒊 𝐭 = 𝐭𝟏 𝐭 = 𝐭𝟐
𝐭 = 𝐭𝟑
Pressure (psi)

Radial distance (ft)

 The Concept of Skin
 Actual pressure drop higher than calculated

 Skin is any permeability impairment due to

wellbore damage caused by drilling, completion
or even production operations

 Skin Factor (S.F) – a numerical value which can

indicate the extent of damage or permeability
improvement at the wellbore

 S.F can be positive (i.e. damage) or negative (i.e.

stimulated)
 Types of Skin
= total skin effect =

= skin effect due to formation damage (+ ve)

= skin effect due to partial penetration (+ ve)

= skin effect due to perforation (+ ve)

= skin effect due to turbulence or rate dependent skin

(+ve)

= skin effect due to slanting of well (- ve)

= skin effect due to stimulation (mostly - ve)

 Corrected Darcy’s equation

−𝟑
𝟕 . 𝟎𝟖 ×𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒉 ( 𝑷 𝒊 − 𝑷 𝒘𝒇 )
𝒒 𝒐=

[ ( )
𝝁𝜷 𝐥𝐧
𝒓𝒆
𝒓𝒘
𝟑
− +𝑺
𝟒 ]
 Assignment 1
Analyze the effect of skin on flowing bottom
hole pressure given the following data:
 Review Questions (T/F)
 There are four flow regimes in a
reservoir system
 A well is producing in pseudo-steady
state when the pressure pulse is felt in all
the boundaries of the drainage area
 For a reservoir bounded by an aquifer,
the rate of change of pressure at the
boundary is constant
 A zero skin factor indicates that the
wellbore is partially stimulated rather
Questions?

Thank you