International Conference on Ambient Intelligence

in Healthcare

A REVIEW OF MULTI-PHASE
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM (MPIS) FOR
DIAGNOSING AND SCREENING
MALIGNANT BREAST CANCER
By,
Sambit Pattanaik
Rakesh Kumar Sen
Index
Introduction
Bayesian Network
Bayesian Expert System
Sample Data Sets
Methodology
Result
Conclusion
References
Introduction
The most significant cause of cancer-related fatalities among women globally is breast cancer.
Expert systems use artificial intelligence, machine learning and some advanced techniques like
Neuro Fuzzy Inference techniques to analyze patient data and generate diagnosis, treatment
planning, and prognosis recommendations.
Breast cancer occurs when cells begin to grow uncontrollably in the breast. It is one of the most
common types of cancer in women, with over two million new cases diagnosed worldwide each
year.
An expert system for breast cancer involves several stages, including knowledge acquisition,
knowledge representation, and inference engine design.
Bayesian Network
A Bayesian network (BN) is a probabilistic graphical model for representing knowledge about
an uncertain domain where each node corresponds to a random variable and each edge
represents the conditional probability for the corresponding random variables.
Suppose we want to model the dependencies between three variables then probability
function will be:
Bayesian Expert System
 A Bayesian method for the diagnostic classification
of a single case into one of several classes based
on qualitative data by an expert system is
presented.
 Both the expert's knowledge about the base rates
of the classes and about the conditional
probabilities of the data within each class are
expressed by beta probability distributions.
 The Bayesian point probability that a single case
belongs to a given class is treated as a parameter.
Its probability distribution is derived and called
[Expert System] ‘credibility distribution’.
Sample Data Sets

BI-RADS- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System

 It contains a BI-RADS assessment, the patient’s age and three BI-RADS attributes together with the
ground truth (the severity field) for 516 benign and 445 malignant masses that have been identified on
full field digital mammograms collected at the Institute of Radiology of the University Erlangen-
Nuremberg between 2003 and 2006.

Attribute
Attribute Description Values
Number
1 Thickness of Clump 1-10
2 Cell size Uniformity 1-10
3 Cell shape Uniformity 1-10
4 Adhesion of Marginal 1-10
5 Single Cell of Epithelical Size 1-10
6 Bare Nuclei 1-10
7 Clomatin Bland 1-10
8 Normal Nucleoli 1-10
9 Mitosis 1-10
Methodology
P(X₁, X₂, ..., Xₙ) =
P(X₁) * P(X₂ | Parents(X₂))*
P(X₃ | Parents(X₃)) * ... *
P(Xₙ | Parents(Xₙ))
Result
The Classifier Correct Classification Rate (%)

NN(9,11,1) 94.2
AR1+NN(8,11,1) 97.4
AR2+NN(4,11,1) 95.6

Bayesian Net 97.28

Bayesian Net +Relief F

98.32
Bayesian Net+data
balancing +remove 96.75
missing data
Bayesian
Net+ Relief F+ remove
missing data + data
balancing + sorting data 97.25
on feature F
Conclusion
In this paper we have used Wisconsin Breast Cancer datasets and Bi-RADS datasets(Breast
Imaging Reporting & Data System).
When data on a series of cases are available, Bayesian statistical techniques can be used for
updating the original subjective quantitative inputs, and we present a set of diagnostics for
identifying conflicts between the data and the prior specification.
References
[1] Alizadehsani, R., Hosseini, M. J., Ghandeharioun, A., Zakerolhosseini, A., & Khozeimeh, F. (2016). A new
approach based on fuzzy logic for early breast cancer diagnosis. Journal of medical systems, 40(12), 256.

[2] Cai, X., Lu, Y., Zou, W., & Zhang, X. (2019). An expert system for the diagnosis and treatment of breast
cancer using a hybrid of artificial bee colony and support vector machine algorithms. Artificial intelligence
in medicine, 97, 142-151.

[3] Li, L., Li, C., Wang, X., & Li, Y. (2017). A review: intelligent diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Expert systems with applications, 77, 69-82.

[4]Ali, A., Hasnain, A., & Rehman, A. (2020). Machine learning and expert systems in breast cancer
diagnosis: A survey. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2020.
[5] Elaziz, M. A., Hosny, K. M., Salaheldin, M., Darwish, M. M., & Hassanien, A. E. (2017). Hybrid model of
medical diagnosis using fuzzy logic and expert system. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and
Information Sciences.

[6] Banik, R., Mondal, B. C., & Das, S. (2020). Fuzzy rule-based expert system for breast cancer detection. In
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 993, pp. 171-181). Springer.

[7] Mustafa, A. H. (2019). A hybrid expert system for diagnosing breast cancer. International Journal of
Computer Applications, 182(18), 10-15.

[8] Fatima, S. H., Jothi, G., & Akila, R. (2018). Expert system for breast cancer prediction using data mining
classification techniques. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1), 2837-2843.

[9] Al-Maytami, B. A. (2018). Developing an expert system for breast cancer prediction using rule-based
approach. International Journal of Computer Applications, 181(18), 15-20.

[10] Sedik, A., Attiya, G., El-Dosuky, M., & Hassanien, A. E. (2017). Medical diagnosis system based on expert
systems and data mining. Future Computing and Informatics Journal, 2(2), 118-123.
[11] Saritha, K., & Sumathi, P. (2019). Expert system for diagnosis of breast cancer using rough set approach.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 18(2), 1182-1189.

[12] El-Shafeey, M. (2019). A breast cancer expert system based on correlation. International Journal of
Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(1), 262-266.

[13] Fadzilah, A. S. N., & Muhaimin, M. S. (2018). Rule-based expert system for breast cancer prediction
using categorical dataset. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.14), 221-226.

[14] Ahmed, M. M., & Salman, Y. M. (2018). Application of expert system for breast cancer detection.
International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 18(2), 183-190.

[15] Dey, S., Jaiswal, N., & Hati, A. K. (2019). A knowledge-based expert system for breast cancer prediction
using decision tree. In Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and
Parallel Computing (pp. 147-157). Springer.

[16] Al-Shaher, F., & Al-Betar, M. (2019). The use of expert systems for diagnosis and prediction of cancer
diseases: A review. International Journal of Computer Applications, 182(19), 1-8.
THANK YOU