Tenses

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 Tense
• The word Tense comes from the Latin tempus,
time.

• The tense of a verb shows the time of an

action or event.

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 Tense
• I write a letter to my friend every year.
• I wrote the letter in his very presence.
• I shall write another letter tomorrow.

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 Tense
• I write a letter to my friend every year -
Present
• I wrote the letter in his very presence - Past
• I shall write another letter tomorrow - Future

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 Present
• I love Simple Present

• I am loving Present Continuous

• I have loved Present Perfect

• I have been loving Present Perfect Continuous

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 Past
• I loved Simple Past

• I was loving Past Continuous

• I had loved Past Perfect

• I had been loving Past Perfect Continuous

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 Future
• I shall love Simple Future

• I shall be loving Future Continuous

• I shall have loved Future Perfect

• I shall have been Future Perfect Continuous

loving
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 Forms of Verbs
V1- Present
V2- Past
V3- Past Participle

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 The uses of Tenses
• Simple Present is used :
– To express habitual actions
– To Express general truths
– In exclamatory sentences beginning with here and
there to express what is actually taking place in
the present

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 Structure
Sub+ V1+ Obj

Eg: I eat Pizza everyday.

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 Simple present
• To express habitual actions

example: He goes on a walk everyday.

He drinks tea every morning.

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 Simple present is used
• He ______ coffee everyday.
a) Take
b) Takes
c) Took
d) Taken

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 Simple present is used
• He ______ coffee everyday.
a) Take
b) Takes
c) Took
d) Taken

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 Simple present is used
• To Express general truths

example : 1. This rain gives us the water

we need.
2. The sun rises in the east

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 Simple present is used
• Wind________ across the land.
a) Blow
b) Blows
c) Blew
d) none

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 Simple present is used
• Wind________ across the land.
a) Blow
b) Blows
c) Blew
d) none

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 Simple present is used
• In exclamatory sentences beginning with here
and there to express what is actually taking
place in the present

example: 1. There it is!, my favorite car.

2. Here comes the van !
3. there she goes !

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 Simple present is used
• There _____ your wife!
a) Goes
b) Gone
c) Go
d) Have gone

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 Simple present is used
• There _____ your wife!
a) Goes
b) Gone
c) Go
d) Have gone

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 The uses of Tenses
• Present Continuous Tense :
– For an action going on at the time of speaking.
– For a temporary action which may not be actually
happening at the time of speaking.
– For an action that is planned or arranged to take
place in the near future.

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 Structure
• Sub+ (am/is/are)+ (V1+ing)+ Obj

Eg: I am eating Pizza right now.

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• For an action going on at the time of speaking

Example:
1. The next flight is waiting on the runway.
2. she is singing.

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 Present Continuous Tense :

• The train______ now.

a) Leave
b) Leaved
c) Left
d) Is leaving

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• The train______ now.

a) Leave
b) Leaved
c) Left
d) Is leaving

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• For a temporary action which may not be

actually happening at the time of speaking

example:

1. I'm riding a bike to get to work because my car

is broken.
2. I am reading ‘The Alchemist’ – but I am not
reading at this moment
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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• They _________ with each other after the last

argument.
a) Are not talking
b) Were not talking
c) Was not talking
d) About to talk

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• They _________ with each other after the last

argument.
a) Are not talking
b) Were not talking
c) Was not talking
d) About to talk

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• For an action that is planned or arranged to

take place in the near future

example:
1. I am working this sunday.
2. My uncle is arriving tomorrow.

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• Mike __________ hard to become a doctor.

a) Studied
b) Was studied
c) Studying
d) Is studying

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 Present Continuous Tense is used :

• Mike __________ hard to become a doctor.

a) Studied
b) Was studied
c) Studying
d) Is studying

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 The uses of Tenses
• Present Perfect Tense
– To indicate completed activities in the immediate
past.
– To express past actions whose time is not given
and not definite
– To describe past events, when we think more of
their effects in the present than of the action itself
– To denote an action beginning at some time in the
past and continuing upto the present moment.

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:

• To indicate completed activities in the

immediate past

• Example:
1. I have already had a breakfast.
2. He has just gone out

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 Structure
Sub+ (has/have)+ V1+ Obj

Eg: I have eaten Pizza.

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• He ______ to England.
a) Has
b) Had been
c) Has been
d) Have been

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• He ______ to England.
a) Has
b) Had been
c) Has been
d) Have been

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• To express past actions whose time is not
given and not definite

example:
1. He has finished his work
2. Have you read ‘Gulliver’s Travels’

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• To describe past events, when we think more
of their effects in the present than of the
action itself
example:
1. He has finished his work
2. (Gopi has eaten all the biscuits)

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• He ______ a car accident.
a) Has had
b) Has have
c) Has
d) had

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• He ______ a car accident.
a) Has had
b) Has have
c) Has
d) had

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• To denote an action beginning at some time in
the past and continuing up to the present
moment
example:
1. Mary has worked as a teacher for over 25
years.
2. I have known him for a long time.

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• Patrick ______ a lot in his life.
a) Has achieve
b) Has achieved
c) Achieved
d) Achieve

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 Present Perfect Tense is used:
• Patrick ______ a lot in his life.
a) Has achieve
b) Has achieved
c) Achieved
d) Achieve

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 The uses of Tenses
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense
– Began at some time in the past and is still
continuing

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 Structure
Sub+(has/have+been)+(V1+ing)+Obj

Eg: I have been eating Pizza for two hours now.

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 Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• Began at some time in the past and is still

continuing
Example:
1. I have been working as a fireman since 1973
2. They have been playing since four o’ clock

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• He ________painting the house for 5 hours.

a) Has
b) Has been
c) Had
d) Had been

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• He ________painting the house for 5 hours.

a) Has
b) Has been
c) Had
d) Had been

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 The uses of Tenses
• Simple Past Tense
– To indicate an action completed in the past
– Used for past habits

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 Structure
Sub+V2+Obj

Eg: I ate Pizza

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 Simple Past Tense is used:

• To indicate an action completed in the past

Example:
1. He ate dinner an hour ago.
2. She left school last year.

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 Simple Past Tense is used:

• John ___ his finger last week.

a) Has cut
b) Cut
c) Was cut
d) cutting

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 Simple Past Tense is used:

• John ___ his finger last week.

a) Has cut
b) Cut
c) Was cut
d) cutting

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 Simple Past Tense is used:

• Used for past habits

• Example:
1. He used to walk 4 miles everyday.
2. He studied many hours everyday before
examinations.

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 Simple Past Tense is used:

• He ________many hours each day.

a) Works
b) Worked
c) Will work
d) Had worked

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 Simple Past Tense is used:

• He ________many hours each day.

a) Works
b) Worked
c) Will work
d) Had worked

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 The uses of Tenses
• Past Continuous Tense
– The time of action may or may not be indicated

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 Structure
Sub+(was/were)+(V1+ing)+Obj

Eg: I was eating Pizza.

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 Past Continuous Tense is used:

• The time of action may or may not be

indicated
• Example:
1. She was sleeping on the couch.
2. We were listening to the radio all evening

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 Past Continuous Tense is used:

• The dog _______.

a) barking
b) Is
c) Was Barking
d) Barked

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 Past Continuous Tense is used:

• The dog _______

a) barking
b) Is barked
c) Was Barking
d) Bark

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 The uses of Tenses
• Past Perfect Tense
– If two actions happened in the past, to show
which action happened first ()

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 Structure
Sub+had+V2+Obj

Eg: I had eaten Pizza.

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 Past Perfect Tense is used:

• If two actions happened in the past, to show

which action happened first
• Example:

1. I had done my exercise when Hari came to

see me.
2. The train had left the station before I
reached.
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 Past Perfect Tense is used:

• When Bob ______ windows, it started raining.

a) Painted
b) Painting
c) Will paint
d) was painting

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 Past Perfect Tense is used:

• I ___________ the picture before teacher

entered the class.
a) Painted
b) Painting
c) Will paint
d) Had painted

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 The uses of Tenses
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense
– That began a certain point in the past and
continued upto that time

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 Structure
Sub+ had+been+V1+ing+Obj

Eg: I had been eating Pizza.

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 Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• That began a certain point in the past and

continued up to that time
• Example:
1. I had been waiting for you for half an hour
this time last week.
2. At the time, he had been writing a novel for
two months

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 Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• I _________as a waitress for the past week.

a) Have worked
b) Has worked
c) Working
d) Have been working

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 Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• I _________as a waitress for the past week.

a) Have worked
b) Has worked
c) Working
d) had been working

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 The uses of Tenses
• Simple Future Tense
– Used for an action that has still to take place

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 Structure
Sub+will/shall+V1+Obj

Eg: I will/shall eat Pizza.

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 Simple Future Tense is used:

• Used for an action that has still to take place

• Example:
1. Don't worry! I will help you with this
problem.
2. I shall see him tomorrow

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 Simple Future Tense is used:

• I ____ close the window. It's starting to rain.

a) Was
b) Will
c) Would
d) May

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 Simple Future Tense is used:

• I ____ close the window. It's starting to rain.

a) Was
b) Will
c) Would
d) May

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 The uses of Tenses
• Future Continuous Tense
– An action as going on at some time in future time
– Future events, that are planned

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 Structure
Sub+shall/will+be+V1+ing+Obj

Eg: I shall/will be eating Pizza

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 Future Continuous Tense is used:

• An action as going on at some time in future

time
• Example:
1. He won't be coming any time soon. He is still
at the office.
2. I shall be reading the paper then

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 Future Continuous Tense is used:

• Beatrice _____ married very soon.

a) Will
b) Would
c) Will be getting
d) Would be

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 Future Continuous Tense is used:

• Beatrice _____ married very soon.

a) Will
b) Would
c) Will be getting
d) Would be

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 Future Continuous Tense is used:

• Future events, that are planned

• Example:
1. In the evening, I will be baking a birthday
cake.
2. I’ll be staying here till Sunday

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 Future Continuous Tense is used:

• In an hour, I _________sitting in front of my

TV.
a) Will
b) Will be
c) Would be
d) Might be

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 Future Continuous Tense is used:

• In an hour, I _________sitting in front of my

TV.
a) Will
b) Will be
c) Would be
d) Might be

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 The uses of Tenses
• Future Perfect Tense
– To indicate the completion of an action by a
certain future time

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 Structure
Sub+will+have+V3+Obj

Eg: I will have eaten Pizza.

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 Future Perfect Tense is used:

• To indicate the completion of an action by a

certain future time
• Example:
1. By the next year, I will have known Monica
for 30 years.
2. I shall have written my exercise by that time

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 Future Perfect Tense is used:

• The train _______ by now. We have to look for

another way to get there.
a) Would
b) Might
c) Will have left
d) Would have left

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 Future Perfect Tense is used:

• The train _______ by now. We have to look for

another way to get there.
a) Would
b) Might
c) Will have left
d) Would have left

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 The uses of Tenses
• Future Perfect Continuous Tense
– An action represented as being in progress over a
period of time that will end in the future

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 Structure
Sub+will+have+been+V1+ing+Obj

Eg: I will have been eating Pizza.

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 Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• An action represented as being in progress

over a period of time that will end in the
future
• Example:
1. Before they come, we will have been
cleaning the house for 5 hours.
2. By next July we shall have been living here for
four years.

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 Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• We will be making a rest stop in half an hour,

because you ______driving the car for 6 hours
by then.
a) Would have
b) Would have been
c) Will have
d) Will have been

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 Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• We will be making a rest stop in half an hour,

because you ______driving the car for 6 hours
by then.
a) Would have
b) Would have been
c) Will have
d) Will have been

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