Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

 Electromagneticinduction is the process through

which an induced e.m.f is produced due to a
changing magnetic field.
Know that a conductor
moving across a magnetic
field or a changing magnetic
field linking with a conductor
can induce an e.m.f. in the
conductor

e.m…..what?

Know that a conductor
moving across a magnetic
field or a changing magnetic
field linking with a conductor
can induce an e.m.f. in the
conductor
e.m..what?
e.m.f. is an abbreviation for
electromotive force. When
charge flows through a cell
it is given energy by the cell.
The number of joules of
energy given to each
coulomb of charge that
passes through the cell is
the e.m.f. of the cell

Show understanding that a
conductor moving across a
magnetic field or a changing
magnetic field linking with a
conductor can induce an
e.m.f. in the conductor
e.m…..wha
t?
e.m.f. is an abbreviation for
electromotive force. When
charge flows through a cell
it is given energy by the cell.
The number of joules of
energy given to each
coulomb of charge that
passes through the cell is
the e.m.f. of the cell
Energy given to
charge? Sounds like
e.m.f. = voltage!
 Basically ……..
Know that a conductor
moving across a magnetic
field or a changing magnetic
field linking with a conductor
can induce an e.m.f. in the
conductor
A piece of wire

+
N S
A magnetic
Movement
=
field

A small
e.m.f is
generated
V
 Basically ……..
Know that a conductor
moving across a magnetic
field or a changing magnetic
field linking with a conductor
can induce an e.m.f. in the
conductor
A piece of wire

+
N S
The production of
A magnetic
an e.m.f. by Movement
=
field
moving a wire in a
magnetic field is
known as
electromagnetic A small
induction. e.m.f is
generated
V
Inducing an e.m.f.

1. Moving the wire downwards through the magnetic field

induces an e.m.f. as shown on the galvanometer.
Inducing an e.m.f.

1. Moving the wire downwards through the magnetic field

induces an e.m.f. as shown on the galvanometer.

2. Moving the wire upwards through the magnetic field

induces an e.m.f. in the opposite direction.
 Inducing an e.m.f.

The induced e.m.f. (and current) can be increased by:

• Moving the wire faster

• Using a stronger magnet

• Increasing the length of wire in the magnetic field (eg. By looping the wire
several times)
Inducing an e.m.f. The induced e.m.f. (and current)
can be increased by:

• Moving the wire faster

• Using a stronger magnet

• Increasing the length of wire

in the magnetic field (eg. By
looping the wire several times)

“The e.m.f. induced in a

conductor is proportional
Faraday’s law of to the rate at which the
electromagnetic
magnetic field lines are
induction.
cut by the conductor.”
Inducing an e.m.f.
Two options
1. Move the wire in
a magnetic field.
Inducing an e.m.f.
Two options
1. Move the wire in 2. Move the magnet
a magnetic field. in a coil of wire.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/faradays-law/latest/faradays-law_all.html
Inducing an e.m.f.
Two options
1. Move the wire in 2. Move the magnet
a magnetic field. in a coil of wire.
 Inducing an e.m.f.
Two options
1. Move the wire in 2. Move the magnet
a magnetic field. in a coil of wire.

If the bar magnet is pushed into a coil

of wire, an e.m.f. is induced in the coil.
If the magnet is withdrawn from the coil
then an e.m.f. is induced in the opposite
direction.
 Inducing an e.m.f.
Two options
1. Move the wire in 2. Move the magnet
a magnetic field. in a coil of wire.

If the bar magnet is pushed into a coil

of wire, an e.m.f. is induced in the coil.
If the magnet is withdrawn from the coil
then an e.m.f. is induced in the opposite
direction.

The induced e.m.f. (and current) can be increased by: (1) moving the magnet
faster; (2) using a stronger magnet; (3) increasing the turns on the coil.
 Supplement
Describe and
explain a rotating-
coil generator and Hmmm – now
the use of slip this is getting a
rings bit more
challenging!
Let’s go through
this step-by-
step.
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
alternators.
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

http://nurshiyaam.wordpress.com/
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Magnets, producing a magnetic

field.

http://nurshiyaam.wordpress.com/
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Magnets, producing a magnetic

field.

Coil, made of insulated copper

wire, rotated in the magnetic
field by turning the shaft.

http://nurshiyaam.wordpress.com/
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Magnets, producing a magnetic

field.

Coil, made of insulated copper

wire, rotated in the magnetic
field by turning the shaft.

Slip rings are fixed to the coil

and rotate with it.

http://nurshiyaam.wordpress.com/
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Magnets, producing a magnetic

field.

Coil, made of insulated copper

wire, rotated in the magnetic
field by turning the shaft.

Slip rings are fixed to the coil

and rotate with it.

Brushes (normally carbon) rub

against the slip rings.
http://nurshiyaam.wordpress.com/
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Slip ring detail Brushes keep

the coil
connected to
the outside
part of the
circuit.
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Slip ring detail Brushes keep

the coil
As the coil rotates, it cuts
connected to
magnetic field lines, so an EMF is
the outside
generated, and a current flows.
part of the
circuit.
“In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

Slip ring detail Brushes keep

the coil
As the coil rotates, it cuts
connected to
magnetic field lines, so an EMF is
the outside
generated, and a current flows.
part of the
circuit. The slip rings keep the coil in
contact with the brushes
throughout the rotation, and as a
result the current flows in
alternate directions, producing
an alternating current (AC).
 Function of slip rings: provide continuous connection while coil rotating
How to induced larger e.m.f?

 Increase strength of magnetic field

 Increase speed of rotation of the coil
 Increase numbers of turns of coil
AC generator

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1IivkRjd1U

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdwWgvIAFQA
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

1
1 = maximum forward current
0

-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

1
1 = maximum forward current
0

-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

1
1 = maximum forward current
0

2 2 = maximum reverse current

-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

1
1 = maximum forward current
0

2 2 = maximum reverse current

-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

The maximum EMF can be increased by:

1 • Increasing the number of turns on
0 the coil.

2
-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

The maximum EMF can be increased by:

1 • Increasing the number of turns on
0 the coil.
• Increasing the area of the coil.
2 • Using a stronger magnet.
-100

N S
 “In electricity generation, a generator is a
device that converts mechanical (kinetic) Supplement
energy into electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.” – wikipedia. AC generators
are also called
To build a generator we alternators.
need two things:
1. A magnetic field
2. A moving wire

100
Current (mA)

The maximum EMF can be increased by:

1 • Increasing the number of turns on
0 the coil.
• Increasing the area of the coil.
2 • Using a stronger magnet.
-100 • Rotating the coil faster.

N S
 Bicycle generator
When the wheel turns the
magnet is made to rotate
next to the fixed coil of
wire.

Electromagnetic induction
occurs and a alternating
voltage is induced in the
coil.

This causes an alternating

current to flow to the light
bulb of the bicycle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0fMXsl-yVM
Question 1
The graph opposite V
shows how the voltage
of a generator varies
in time. Using the
same set of axes show
how the voltage would
vary if the rotational time
speed of the generator
was doubled.

The new voltage will have TWICE the

amplitude AND frequency of the
original.
 Question 2
Choose appropriate words to fill in the gaps below:
The _________
generator effect occurs when a conductor is moved
relative to a ____________
magnetic field. This is also known as
electromagnetic ___________.
induction

The greater the relative __________

movement of the conductor and
magnetic field the _______
greater is the voltage ________.
induced

If the conductor is part of a ________

complete circuit an electric
current will flow.
___________
alternating current is produced if the direction of movement
is continually _________.
reversed

WORD SELECTION:
magnetic complete alternating generator reversed
induction induced greater movement
The End