Lesson 6.

Asexual and Sexual

Reproduction in Plants
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Flowering plants are
characterized by the presence of
endosperm in their seeds and by
the production of fruits.

Non-flowering plants are those

that do not produce seeds and
often reproduce through spores.
 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.

Differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in

terms of (1) the number of individuals involved and
(2) similarities of offspring to parents (S7LT-IIg-7).
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

do the following:

● Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction

in plants.
● Discuss the mechanisms of asexual reproduction in
plants.
● Discuss the mechanisms of sexual reproduction in
plants.
 Try it!
Warm-Up

Honey, I Blew Up the Pics?

Part A:
Try to correctly identify the organisms in the blown up photos.

Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

 Try it!
Warm-Up

Part B:
With the same group, by using the image below, name all
the parts of the flower correctly.
 Learn about It

Reproduction
● the process by which new
organisms are produced from a
parent organism

● produces new individuals and

pass on the genetic material
Pollen grains being blown by
● necessary for the continuity of the wind
life
 Learn about It

Fertilization
● The process wherein the
haploid egg and haploid
sperm unite to form a
diploid zygote.

● Somatic cells are diploid

cells, while sex cells or
gametes are haploid. Diploid and haploid cells
 Learn about it

Fertilization
● Diploid cells contain the
complete genetic material
present in the species.

● Haploid cells contain half

of the genetic material
present in a diploid cell of
a species. Diploid and haploid cell
 Learn about it

Sexual Reproduction
● In flowering plants, female and
male gametes can be both
present in an individual.

● An example is the Hibiscus or

gumamela plant.

Hibiscus flower
 Learn about it

Parts of a Flower
● Carpel
○ Consists of the stigma,
style, and ovary
○ Female part of a plant

● Pistil
○ Can be a single carpel or
group of carpels Parts of a gumamela flower
 Learn about it

Parts of a Flower
● Stamen
○ Male component of the
flower
○ Includes the anther and
filament

Parts of a gumamela flower

 Learn about it

Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms

● A gymnosperm is a vascular plant that reproduces through

an exposed seed or ovule.

● Gametes are produced during the sexual phase known as the

gametophyte generation of their life cycle.

● The production of spores occurs during the asexual phase

known as the sporophyte generation.
 Learn about it

Reproduction in
gymnosperms through
male and female cones
 Learn about it

Pollination
● Pollen grains from the
anther is being carried to
the pistil of the flower.

● Diploid zygote is produced

and protected inside the
developing seed.
Life cycle of flowering plants
 Learn about it!

Fertilization in Plants
● Pollination is the process
wherein pollen grains
from the male component
are carried to the female
component of the same
or different flower.

A flower being pollinated by a

butterfly
 Learn about it!

Fertilization in Plants
● This occurs when haploid sex
cells meet to create a diploid
zygote.

● Zygote eventually develops

into an embryo that is found
in seeds.

Fertilization in plants
Learn about it!

Fertilization in Plants
 Learn about it

Asexual Reproduction
● This involves the
production of
individuals that are
highly identical to the
parent plant.

● There is no mixing of
A form of asexual propagation
traits from two parents.
 Learn about it

Asexual Reproduction
● It can be one of two possible forms.
○ Natural vegetative propagation occurs when an
axillary bud grows into a lateral shoot and develops its
own roots.

○ Artificial vegetative propagation is a type of plant

reproduction that is accomplished through human
intervention.
 Learn about it

Natural Vegetative Propagation

● Runners occur when a horizontal
stem develops from the vertical
stem of a grown plant.
○ Example: Bermuda grass Stolon of
Bermuda grass

● Rhizomes are thick, underground

stems where new plants can arise.
○ Example: ginger
Rhizomes of ginger plant
 Learn about it

Natural Vegetative Propagation

● Bulbs occur when parts of roots split and
each part develops into a new bulb.
○ Example: onion
Onion bulbs
● Tubers are formed when an underground
structure becomes enlarged and capable of
producing new individuals in the form of
buds.
○ Example: sweet potato

Root tubers of sweet

 Learn about it

Difference between stem and root tubers

● Stem tubers consist of a swollen stem
● Root tubers consist of a swollen root.

Stem tubers of potato Root tubers of sweet

 Learn about it

Artificial Vegetative Propagation

● Cutting is a method when a piece of stem is cut from a
plant and develops new roots when planted.
 Learn about it

Artificial Vegetative Propagation

● Layering is a method wherein a low branch of the plant is
bent down close to the ground.
 Learn about it

Artificial Vegetative Propagation

● Grafting is a method where two
different plants are joined
together to grow into a new
plant.

● Apomixis occurs when a plant

produces seeds without
fertilization.
 Key Points

● Sexual reproduction in plants involves the fusion of gametes, which

results in offspring that are not genetically to the parent or parents.

● Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes, which

results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
 Key Points

● Fertilization in plants occurs when haploid sex cells contained in

pollen grains and ovules of flowering plants meet to create a diploid
zygote.

● The carpel is the female component of plants and consists of the

stigma, style, and ovary, while the male component of plants is the
stamen, which consists of the anther and filament.
 Key Points

● Pollination is the process wherein pollen grains from the male

component of the flower are carried to the female components, and
it usually involves pollinators.

● Fertilization in plants occurs when haploid sex cells contained in

pollen grains and ovules of flowering plants meet to create a diploid
zygote. This eventually develops into an embryo that is contained in
seeds.
 Key Points

● Plant parts, such as roots, stem tubers, rhizomes, and stolons,

undergo vegetative propagation, which involves one parent plant
only.

● Vegetative propagation can be done by natural means through bulbs,

tubers, rhizomes, and runners, while artificial propagation is done
through cutting, layering, or grafting.
 Check Your Understanding

Identify the terms described in each of the following

items.
1. This process occurs when the pollen grains from the anther are being
carried to the pistil of the same or another flower.
2. This process occurs when new organisms are produced from a parent
organism.
3. This is a type of asexual reproduction that involves one parent plant to
produce offspring.
4. Pollination is a feature of what type of reproduction?
5. This is a process when the plant can produce seeds without fertilization
that is involved in sexual reproduction.
 Photo Credit

Slide 3. Chrysanthemum coronarium by MathKnight and Zachi Evenor is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.
 Bibliography

Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. 2011. Campbell Biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings/Pearson.

Gilbert, Scott F. 1991. Developmental Biology. New York: Plenum Press.

Johnson, George B., and Peter H. Raven. 2001. Biology: Principles and Explorations. Austin: Holt Rinehart
and Winston.

Mader, Sylvia S. 2014. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Sastry, K.V., and Vineeta Shukla. 2010. Developmental Biology. Meerut, India: Rastogi Publications.