CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
 CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS
2. Political and leadership structures
a. Political organization
i. Bands
ii. Tribes
iii. Chiefdoms
iv. States and nations
b. Authority and legitimacy
i. Traditional
ii. Charismatic
iii. Rational
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
 POLITICAL DYNAST Y
Generally refer to families whose members are
involved in politics. And it can occur in two ways…
1. One way is for members of a family to occupy a
certain government position in every term.
2. The second way is for a number of family members
to occupy government positions at the same time.
 POLITICAL ALLIANCE
Is also referred to as political coalition or political
bloc, is an agreement for cooperation between
different political parties on common political
agenda, often for purposes of contesting an election.
They intend to mutually benefit from the alliance by
collectively clearing election thresholds, taking
advantage of the voting system, or forming a
government after elections.
POLITICAL AND
LEADERSHIP
STRUCTURES
 POLITICAL
ORGANIZATION
 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

1. Bands
2. Tribes
3. Chiefdoms
4. States and nations
 BANDS
A very small, oftentimes nomadic group that
is connected by family ties and is politically
independent.
Are extremely egalitarian – all families are
essentially equal.
 TRIBES
Is a somewhat more complex than a band.
As population size increases, subsistence
pattern shift from foraging to horticulture or
pastoralism.
There are hundreds of people and multiple
communities.
 CHIEFDOMS
Are similar to bands and tribes.
Chiefdoms differ in having a more or less
permanent, fulltime leader with real authority
to make major decisions for their societies.
Does have leaders called “chiefs” and has an
advisory council as well but there is no
bureaucracy of professional administrators.
 STATES AND NATIONS
State level political systems first appeared in
societies with large-scale intensive
agriculture.
Began as chiefdoms and then evolved into
more centralized, authoritarian kingdoms
when their populations grew into tens of
thousands of people.
AUTHORITY AND
LEGITIMACY
 WHAT IS AUTHORIT Y?
the power or right to direct or control
something and a quality that makes
something seem true or real.
 AUTHORIT Y T YPES:

TRADITIONAL
CHARISMATIC
RATIONAL
 TRADITIONAL AUTHORIT Y
Is one where there is a dominant personality
that leads people based on tradition and
order.
The leader is dependent upon rules, norms
and principles that would govern the day-to
day affairs of the people.
 CHARISMATIC AUTHORIT Y
Points to a type of leadership where an individual
possesses certain types of characteristics that draw
people in .
Such leader is capable of mobilizing people because
of their massive trust and genuine desire to follow.
Ex. Nelson Mandela
Mahatma Gandhi
Martin Luther King Jr.
 RATIONAL AUTHORIT Y
Also called lega- rational authority, is a type
of leadership where there are clearly defined
rules and laws which must be followed.
People obey the leader not because of his/her
ability but because of the legitimacy of
leadership based on predefined rules and
regulations.
 WHAT IS POLITICAL LEGITIMACY?
Is popular acceptance of an authority, usually a
governing law or a regime.
Defined as the belief that a rule, institutions, or leader
has the right to govern. It is a judgment by an
individual about the rightfulness of a hierarchy
between rule or ruler and its subject/s and about the
subordinate's obligation toward the rule or ruler.
It is a collective belief held by citizens to acknowledge
and respect the leadership to be legitimate.
 T YPES OF LEGITIMACY:

TRADITIONAL
CHARISMATIC
RATIONAL-LEGAL
 TRADITIONAL LEGITIMACY

Derives from societal custom and

habits that emphasize the history of
the authority of tradition.
 CHARISMATIC LEGITIMACY
Derives from the ideas and personal
charisma of the leader, a person whose
authoritative persona charms and
psychologically dominates the people of
the society to agreements with the
government’s regime and rule.
 RATIONAL-LEGAL LEGITIMACY

Derives from a system of

institutional procedure, where
government institution establish and
enforce law and order in the public
interest.
THANK YOU…