Perfect tenses

( present, past,
future )
Angelica
Xl lPS 4
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This perfect tense can be applied to three types of

tenses, namely past perfect, present perfect, and
future perfect. In the perfect tense, you want to
express something that has happened, has happened,
or is expected to happen in the past, present, and
future.
 Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is a grammar used to express an activity that happened before the
present. The activity occurred at a specific, unspecified time in the past.

ln addition, the present perfect can also show that an activity is repeated several times
or often occurs at the end. However, without indicating a specific time.
 Present Perfect

positive sentence
Subject + have/has + past participle form

Examples:

• I have visited Paris so many times.

The example shows that to date, l have visited Paris frequently, although no specific time
of visit was indicated.

• The weather has been nice lately.

The second example shows that the weather has recently been sunny (but there is no
specific time).
Negative sentence
Subject + have/has not + past participle form

Examples:
• I’m experiencing writer’s block. I have not written anything in the past week.

• She has not replied any of my messages.

Question
Have/has + subject + past participle form + ?

Examples:
• You look pale. Have you eaten anything today?
• Has my brother gone insane? He’s throwing away his future by flunking college.
*Note that there is a difference between the use of have/has
and the past participle form for each subject. Same as in
simple present format: I, you, they, we, using have. And she,
he, it uses has.

*Have not can be shortened to haven't. Has not can be

shortened to hasn't.
 Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense is a grammar used to express an activity that was completed before a certain time in
the past.

So, if you look at the example below, it will appear that the past perfect tense is accompanied by a
compound sentence that can be in the form of simple past or past continuous because all activities have
occurred and ended in the past.
 Past Perfect
positive sentence
Subject + had + past participle form

Examples:
• I had eaten when mom came home bringing lunch.
The example shows that I had finished eating when my mother came home with food.

• By the time he went to bed, he had finished his homework.

The second example shows that he had finished his homework when he went to bed.

Negative sentence
Subject + had not + past participle form

Examples:
• The teacher had not stopped talking when the bell rang.
• The boy had not crossed the road when the car rushed and hit him.
Question

Had + subject + past participle form + ?

Examples:
• Had you delivered the message by this time last week?

• Had I locked the car when we left it at the parking lot?

 *There is no difference between the use of had
and past participle form for all subjects. Both I,
you, they, we, she, he, it, all use had. Just like the
use of did (simple past) which has no difference
for all subjects.

*Had not can be shortened to hadn't.

 Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense is the grammar used by an activity that will be completed/occurred
at a certain time in the future.

Future Perfect

positive sentence
Subject + will + have + past participle form
Examples:
• l will have reached the top tier management by the next five years.
The example shows that I will have reached the top of management in the next five
years.

• Mother will have retired from work by the time I finished college.
The second example shows that my mother will have retired from her job by the time I
graduate from college.
Negative sentence
Subject + will + not + have + past participle form

Examples:
• The teacher will not have tolerated the same behavior if it happens again the next
semester.
• They will not have surrendered even if we have successfully breached their fort.

Question
Will + subject + have + past participle form + ?

Example:
• Will you have finished breakfast when I pick you up tomorrow morning at 8?
• Will she have done all her homework for Monday before we go on vacation this
weekend?
 get
Don't for

...

*Note that there is no difference between the

use of will have and the past participle form for
all subjects. Just like the use of will in the
simple future tense.
*Will not can be shortened to won't.
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