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Russia
 Russia
Largest country in the world
Russia 5 times bigger than India
Russia – total 8 time zones
 Water-bodies around Russia

ChukchiBerin
East sea g st
rait
Siberian
Baltic Barents Leptev sea Bering
sea sea sea sea
white ra se a
K a
sea

Sea of
Black Okhotsk
sea

Caspian
sea
sea of
Japan
Access to Sea
 Important ports of Russia
• Murmansk – ice free
port – Barents sea
Murmansk • St. Petersburg –
Baltic sea
St. Petersburg
• Rostov – Black sea
• Vladivostok – Japan
Rostov
Vladivostok
sea (less population)
Crimean Peninsula
 Physical Geography of Russia

Novaya
Kola Zemlya Koryak
Lake Ladoga
Peninsula range
Lake Onega Taymyr
Valdai hills Pen

n
Gy l Pe

n.
pe
Kolyma

a
s
Kamchatka

m
ain

da
Ya
Verk range Peninsula
nt
Central h
rang oyansk
ou

west e
Siberian
m

Siberian
al

Plateau
Ur

Plain

Sakhalin
Island

Lake Baykal
 Urals
• One of the oldest
Novaya mountain range in world
Zemlya
• Highest peak of Urals –
Narodnaya
s
• Extension into Arctic sea
ain
nt
ou

as Novaya Zemlya
m
al
Ur

• Not continuous, has

many gaps
• Kola peninsula - copper
 Western Siberian Plain
• Russia’s most extensive
land region
• Swamp and marshes
• Major Source of Natural
n
Pe
al
m

gas for Russia

Ya

west
Siberian
Plain
• Yamal Peninsula also
known for petroleum
reserve
 Central Siberian Plateau
• Winter – anti-cyclonic
condition
• Sparsely populated
• South to North -> Steppe,
Central mixed deciduous, Taiga,
Siberian Tundra, Perma frost
Plateau • Paper and pulp industry
• Untapped Petro-reserve
 Important rivers of Russia

Pechora
basin
Ob
n Lena

i
o

e
D

Yenis
Sea of
Volga
ys h
Azov
Irt

Lake Amur
Baykal
 Rivers and Lake in Russia
Most rivers are navigable but only in summer
Frozen in winter
Freezing at mouth – close to Arctic
Create swampy condition in the middle of the
rivers
Lake Baykal – largest fresh water lake of the
world (by quantity of water)
 Don river
• Drains into Sea of Azov
• Rostov city is on Don
• Volga- Don canal
Do n [connects Black sea with
Sea of Caspian sea]
Azov
Rostov
Volga river
• Originated in Valdai hills
• Most important water
way
• Cities on river:
Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan,
Samara and Volgograd
Ob-Irtysh river
• Largest river of Russia by
volume
• Omsk on Irtysh
• Novosibirsk on Ob
• Ob-Irtysh – Vasugnya
swamp (one of the largest
swamp)
• Irtysh drains into China’s
Dsungarian basin
Yenisei river
• From Western Sanyan
hills and Baykal lake
• Cities on river:
• Bratsk, Ulan-Ude and
Krasnoyarsk on Yenisei
 Lena river
• From Lake Baykal
• City on river:
Verkhoyansk
• Yakutsk on Lena
Climate of Russia
• Influence of
Continentality
• Verkhoyansk – one of the
coldest inhabited place in
the world
• Russia - Artic climate
most prevalent
• Taiga and Tundra climate
Agriculture in Russia
• Limited growing period
• 40% pastures and
meadows
• Wheat, Oil-seeds, cotton
- important
• Oat, mustard, corn, sugar
beet, flax
• Potato – very important
 Russian economy
6th largest economy of the world by PPP
World’s largest reserve of natural gas and largest
exporter of crude oil
Today oil, gas and minerals account for 80% of
Russia's export earnings and 50% of federal
revenue
World’s second largest coal reserve
Russia is world’s second largest arms exporter
Largest diamond producing nation
 Urals Siberia

Coal – Chelyabinsk ,  Large deposits of gold,

slopes of Urals, Pechora diamond
field  Manganese, lead, zinc,
Gold, platinum, cobalt, molybdenum
chromite, bauxite  Lena- Tunguska
Semi-precious stone petroleum reserve,
Khanty – Mansiysk
region (70%)
 Coal Reserve of Russia

2nd largest
coal
Pechora Basin
reserve in
the world
Novo Kuznetsk Krasnoyarsk
Magnitogorsk
Chelyabinsk
Kemerovo
Irkutsk
Chernogorsk
 Iron ore Reserve of Russia

5th largest
Iron
production
Belgorod in the world
Kursk
Tomsk
Magnitogorsk
Voronezh
Orsk
 Nickel reserve

World’s
Kola Peninsula
Tymr peninsula 40% of
Norlisk nickel –
Norilsk
Amur region mine
 Petroleum regions
1) West Siberia
2) Urals-Volga
3) Sakhalin Island
4) East Siberia
5) Yamal Peninsula
6) North Caucasus
7) Pechora Basin and Barents sea
 Petroleum reserve
1) West Siberia main oil producing region
2) Urals-Volga (20%)
3) Sakhalin – contribute 3% but high potential
4) East Siberia: -untapped reserve
- Eastern Siberia-Pacific ocean pipeline
 Petroleum Reserve of Russia

a
ul
ns
ni
Pe
Pechora

al
m
Basin

Ya
East Siberia
West Siberia
Priobskoye
Samotlor
North Sakhalin
Caucasus
Natural Gas Reserve of Russia

Largest
Medvezhye West Siberia
Urnegoy
Natural Gas
Pechhora Mamontovskoye reserve in
Basin Salymskoye
the world
Yamburg

Orenburg
 Industrial Regions
1) Central industrial region
2) Volga region
3) Urals
4) Kuzbas
5) Baykal region
6) St. Petersburg region
 Industrial regions of Russia

St. Petersburg

Volga
region Urals
Central
region
Baykal region
Kuzbas
 Central industrial region
• Moscow, Ivanovo,
Nizhniy Novgorod, Tula
• Moscow – steel,
chemical, machinery
Ivanovo
• Ivanovo – textile
Nizhniy
Moscow
Novgorod • Nizhniy Novgorod –
Tula
automobile
• Tula – mining,
metallurgical industry
 City of Moscow
White sea • Moscow – port of 5 seas:
Lake
N. Dvina
Baltic, Black, Caspian,
Ladoga
river white, Lake Ladoga
Baltic sea
lga

Volga- Baltic • Moscow largest city of

r Vo

water way
Russia
Rive

Moscow River Volga

D on
Ri ver
Black sea Caspian sea
 St. Petersburg region
• St. Petersburg – financial
hub
• 2nd largest city in Russia
• oil and gas trade,
electronics and IT
St. Petersburg manufacturing, heavy
machinery and textile
 Volga region
• Perm, Kazan, Samara,
Izhevsk, Volgograd
• Volgograd – oil refinery
and steel production
Perm
• Samara- oil refining
als
Ur

Kazan Izhevsk center

Samara

Volgograd
• Rostov- agro-machinery
 Volga region
• Kazan- mechanical,
petrochemical
• Perm- electronics
• Izhevsk- defence
Perm
industries
als
Ur

Kazan Izhevsk
Samara

Volgograd
 Urals
• Yekaterinburg,
Magnitogorsk,
Chelyabinsk, Nizhniy
Tagil, Ufa
• Yekaterinburg –
Nizhniy Tagil machinery production
Yekaterinburg
Chelyabinsk
Magnitogorsk
• Magnitogorsk – steel
Ufa industries
• Iron from Orsk, Serov
 Urals
• Chelyabinsk- heavy
industries, military
machinery
• Ufa- oil refinery, petro-
chemical
Nizhniy Tagil • Nizhniy Tagil-
Yekaterinburg
Chelyabinsk
Magnitogorsk
metallurgical industries
Ufa
 Kuzbas region
• Omsk, Tomsk,
Novosibirsk, Novo
Kuznetsk
• Omsk – aerospace manu.,
Tomsk
agro-processing
Omsk Novo
• Tomsk- defence
Novosibirsk
Kuznetsk manufacturing
• Innovation capital of
Russia (biotech, IT,
medicine, nuclear
research)
 Kuzbas region
• Novosibirsk 3th largest
city after Moscow and St.
Petersburg
• Novosibirsk – aircraft
manufacturing, HEP
Tomsk
Omsk
engineering, textile,
Novo
Kuznetsk
nuclear fuel
Novosibirsk
• Novo Kuznetsk- iron and
steel industry
 Baykal Region
• Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk,
Irkutsk and Chita
• Paper and pulp industries,
timber, aluminium
smelting
Krasnoyarsk • Krasnoyarsk- largest
Bratsk
producer of aluminum
Irkutsk • Irkutsk: HEP plant,
Chita
metallurgical industries
 Baykal Region
• Bratsk- heavy industry,
aluminum plants
• Chita-

Krasnoyarsk
Bratsk

Irkutsk

Chita
 Trans-Siberian Railway
Longest in the world (8960 km)
St. Petersburg to Vladivostok
Via – Moscow, Kazan, Omsk, Novosibirsk,
Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Ulan Ude, Chita
Branches to Mongolia, China and North Korea
Route of Trans-Siberian railway