Manufacturing Industries

in India (Agro-based)

Chinth Shobana C
AGRO-
BASED
INDUSTRY
INDUSTRIALISATION IN INDIA
India has made significant progress in its industrial
development. It is one of the top ten industrialized
countries in the world. Along with vast and
diversified natural resources, its large population
provides labour as well as a huge market for
manufactured goods. 3
 Need for rapid industrialization in
India
• India is predominantly an
agricultural country and 65-70 per
cent of the population is dependent on
agriculture for its livelihood.

• Rapid industrialization provides

support and strength to our
agricultural base.

• Industries produce goods and

equipment required for the defence of 4

the country.
 ORGANISATIONAL SKILLS

LABOU
CAPITAL R
FACTORS AFFECTING THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Industries concentrate in certain areas which
become centres of industrial activity. The MARKE
infrastructure of an industry depends on the
T
Geographical factors and Commercial factors.
5
 Factors affecting locations
Geographical factor:
 Raw material NON-GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTOR:
 Water supply
 Energy • CAPITAL
 Transport • MANAGEMENT
 Labour • BANKING
 market
• GOVERNMENT
 climate
 Raw Materials
 Earlier – developed near source
of raw material – Textile mills
in Mumbai, Jute Mills in
Hoogly region

 Iron & steel industry – iron ore,

coal mines

 Nature of raw material –

perishable raw materials, sugar
mills
 Water supply
 Manufacturing –
cleaning, washing
cooling
 All industries depend
heavily – fresh water
 Located close to water
source
Energy
Uninterrupted power
supply
Ex. Iron & steel – near
coal mines
Electro-metallurgical –
near power source
South India – Near Hydel
electric power
 Transport
 Carry raw material –
manufacturing units
 Finished products –
Market
 Industries – near ports –
linked with rail/road –
hinterland
Labour
 Skilled and unskilled man power
 Cheap labour – big cities
 Small scale industries – concentrated in small towns
 Market
 Ultimate requirement
 Chemical or Machine
industry – Industrial
areas
 Refineries – Ports
 Perishable goods – Near
big towns/ cities
 Climate
 Important – agro based
industries
 Cotton industry –
Maharashtra – moist
climate
 Extremes climate – not
favourable – efficiency of
workers
 Role of Government
 Big industries – large
infrastructure and capital –
government
 Rules and regulation,
policies
 At times – land, electricity
and water
Capital

 Setting up and running

 Financiers and
Capitalists – available
– cities
 Classification of industries
Wool, Silk, Dairy
Cotton, Jute, Products, leather,
Sugar, Tea Poultry
Source of Raw
materials

Agro- Mineral Animal Forest

based based based based

Iron & Steel, Heavy Wood, Rubber,

engineering, cement, Honey, Resin
Chemical, Fertilizers
Classification of industries
Quiet Bulky – huge capital, large
Heavy Industries quan. raw materials, sophisticated
machinery – Iron & stell, Refineries

Basis of Nature of
Products

Light in weight – less capital, less

Light Industries workers. Cycles, sewing machines,
electronic goods
 Classification of industries
Huge Infra & large
labour force
Iron & Steel, Ship
Building, Automobile Large scale

Size & Medium Private Individuals

Investment Scale Weaving, food
processing

Small Scale
Paper mills, Radio,
Cycle
 Classification of industries
Owned &
managed –
Private Sector
Individuals
Reliance, Infosys, Owned and managed – Govt
Wipro Railways, Post and Telegraph,
Public Sector
Oil refineries, heavy
engineering, BHEL, GAIL
Joint Sector
Management

Co operative
Sector

Private & Govt

Automobile Corporation of Goa, Ipitata
Sponge Iron Ltd
Classification of industries
Private resources
Raw material &
and household
Labour – Within
village Location & members
- Honey, carpet
Pickles, pottery,
handloom Market weaving,
handicrafts

Village Cottage
Industries Industries
 Classification of industries

Finished Product
/ Function

Basic Industry Tertiary Industry

Ancillary Industry –
Secondary/ Consumer – Public utility –
Other industries spare parts to big
industry – Primary goods Transport,
Depend on them industries
direct to Consumer Banking
 Cotton Textile Industry
 India famous – ancient times
 Middle ages - Muslin-Dhaka,
Chintzes – Masulipatnam,
Calicos – calicut, Baftas –
Cambay
 Industrial revolution – stiff
competition from British mills
 Present day: Cotton textile
industry – largest organized
modern industry in India
 Cotton Textile Industry -
Maharashtra
 Cottonopolis of India - 40%
mill cloth - 3 lakh workers

1. Black soil
2. Humid climate
3. Cheap Hydroelectric power
4. International port
5. Skilled and Unskilled labour
6. Abundant soft water
7. Banking facility
8. Advantage of an early start
Cotton Textile Industry - Gujarat
 2nd largest producer – 33%
mill cloth – Ahmedabad
73/118 mills
1. Raw cotton readily
available
2. Humid climate
3. Advantage of two ports
4. Cheap hydroelectric
power
 Cotton Textile Industry – Tamil Nadu
 Manchester of South
India
 Mill cloth – 6%, excels
in yarn production –
1/3rd
 Mills are small so less
production
Cotton Textile Industry – Problems

Scarcity of raw Obsolete Inadequate

material machinery power supply

Low labour Stiff

Sick Mills
productivity competition
Sugar Industry
 Long tradition
 Ancient times – Gur &
Khandsari
 Modern sugar mills – mid
19th century
 1840 – Dutch – North Bihar
 Today – Second largest agro-
based Industry
Location of Sugar Industry
 Raw material – Sugar cane
 24 hrs crushing time – sucrose
 Located in vicinity of sugarcane farms
 Transportation will be problematic –
heavy and bulky
Sugarcane - Products
Sugar Industry – by-products
 Molasses – fertilizers, DDT, alcohol, synthetic rubber,
cattle-feed
 Bagasse – paper industry
 Press mud – wax, shoe polish, carbon paper
Difference between Sugar Industry
– North Vs South
 South India – Tropical climate, black soil,
irrigation, frost free
 Sucrose content high
 Crushing season – North 4 months, South 7-8
months
 Co-operative sugar mills – South – better
managed
 South – mills are new –modern machinery
 Sugar Industry - Problems
 Low and irregular
supply of raw material
 Fluctuation in output of
sugarcane
 Short crushing season
 Small uneconomic mills
 Old & Obsolete
machinery
 Imbalance distribution
of sugar mills
 Non use of by-products