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Lecture - Hybrid Rockets - Overview and Applications
Lecture - Hybrid Rockets - Overview and Applications
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Brief History of Hybrid Rockets
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Brief History of Hybrid Rockets cont.
• Very little additional research on hybrid rocket motors was done until the
mid-1980s
• Following the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, further interest in hybrid
rocket motors occurred
• NASA began the Hybrid Propulsion Technology (HPT) programme
• Research was largely abandoned due to slow regression rates of HTPB
fuels that were used
• In 2002, Karabeyoglu showed that paraffin based fuels burn three to four
times faster than conventional rubber based fuels (HTPB).
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Applications
• Hybrid motors are also well suited to upper Photo by scaled composites. SpaceShipOne is a Paul G. Allen Project
© Mojave Aerospace Ventures, LLC
stage applications e.g satellite placement,
docking etc, as well as a viable alternative to
hazardous monopropellant RCS
http://www.bloodhoundssc.com/sites/default/files/styles/hero_image/public/
05_Rocket_LR.jpg?itok=vMNEvEVX
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Overview and Advantages
Advantages: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/system/images/images/000/000/412/full/Hybrid-rocket-
engine20151021-1314-1g9tiw.jpg?1522294385
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSF1A-sPaGnf7IJBTzAUbxO-KJgU3yo2waXf6N41nU1M018Y8Uk
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Disadvantages
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What Are Sounding Rockets?
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Operation
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Operation
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NASA Peregrine Rocket
NASA’s Peregrine rocket uses a paraffin wax fuel and a LOX oxidiser
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Classical Regression Rate
Theory
Boronowsky, 2011
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Thrust Dependence on Oxidiser
Flowrate
From the thrust equation described earlier:
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Thrust Dependence on Oxidiser Flowrate
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Fuel Configurations
Due to the slow regression rate of hybrid rocket motors, the grains are
often arranged in configurations that increase the surface area in contact
with oxidiser flow. This increases the mass flow rate of the fuel and
therefore the thrust as well. Structural issues persist in these
configurations making it untenable.
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Fuel Configurations
https://i.stack.imgur.com/PzDnY.gif
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Increasing Oxidiser Flowrate
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Solution??
Balmogim, U; 2017
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Paraffin Wax Compared to Other Fuels
Seitzman, 2006
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Metallised Additives
Maharaj, 2018
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Metallised Additives
Risha, G. A., Evans, B. J., Boyer, E., and Kuo, K. K., 2007. Metals, Energetic Additives, and Special Binders Used in Solid Fuels
for Hybrid Rockets. In: Chiaverini, M. J. and Kuo, K. (eds.). Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. 413–
456.
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Issues with Metallised Additives
Maharaj, 2018
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