RECEIVED SIGNAL

STRENGTH
PREDICTION USING
GAUSSIAN PROCESS
MARYAM NAVEED
EISHA TIR RAZIA
MINHAL WAHEED
 CONTENTS

01 PR OBLEM STATEM ENT

02 M OTIVATION

03 LITERATURE REVIEW

04 APPLICATIONS

05 M ETHODOLOGY

06 R ESULTS & DISC USSION

07 C ONCLUSION
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
• Traditional RSS prediction models often lack the flexibility to
capture the c omplexities of the wireless environment, le ading to
suboptimal accuracy.

• Existing GP ba sed RSS pre diction models primarily foc us on

me asurement noise, neglecting crucial factors like path loss and
shadowing.

• Existing data-driven approaches for RSS prediction often rely on

complex feature engineering, making them computationally
expensive and difficult to interpret.

• Developing a more accurate and efficient approach to RSS

prediction will open doors for significant a dva ncements in
wireless communication te chnologies.
 MOTIVATION
Limitations of Existing
Critical Need for Accurate RSS Approaches Opportunities for Network
Prediction Optimization and Innovation
Traditional deterministic models often lack
Accurate RSS prediction is the flexibility to capture the complexities of Accurate RSS prediction
crucial for optimizing the the wireless environment. They can also be enables dynamic resource
performance of various expensive and require complex feature allocation and adaptation to
wireless communication engineering. environmental changes,
technologies, from mobile leading to improved network
networks to sensor networks. performance and user
experience.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

1. GPPS: A gaussian process positioning system for cellular networks:

Instead of relying on traditional methods like triangulation, this paper uses GPs to model the
relationship between signal strength received from different base stations and the user's
location. GPPS can achieve higher accuracy than traditional methods and can adapt to
changes in the environment without needing to be reconfigured. This paper mainly focuses on
spatial relationships for localization and not on RSS prediction.

2. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning:

This article serves as a foundational text for understanding Gaussian processes in general,
offering a theoretical and algorithmic framework applicable to diverse fields. It also analyzes
various kernel functions and their influence on model performance, explores Bayesian
inference and optimization techniques for learning from data, and discusses advanced topics
like Gaussian process regression and classification.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

3. Real Time Determination of Sensor Node Location in a Wireless Sensor Network using
Particle Swarm Optimization:
This study focuses on using particle swarm optimization (PSO) for real-time localization of
sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on received signal strength (RSS)
measurements. PSO offers fast convergence and real-time adaptability but can be sensitive to
initial population settings and may struggle in complex environments.

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems:

This article focuses on covering the fundamental principles of electromagnetic theory,
antenna design, and radiation characteristics. It also covers the theoretical foundations and
analytical techniques for understanding and predicting the behavior of electromagnetic
waves. It employs analytical and mathematical models based on Maxwell's equations to
describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves.
 APPLICATIONS

01 02 03

N E TWORK O P TI MI Z AT I O N L O CAT I O N -BA S E D S E RV I CE S : N E T WO RK A N A LY S I S A N D

T RO U BL E S H O O T I N G :
Accurate RSS prediction allows In networks of multiple sensors,
for efficient allocation of network predicting RSS at different Monitoring the difference between
resources like bandwidth and locations can help optimize sensor predicted and actual RSS can help
power based on user location and placement and improve identify potential network
signal strength needs. This can communication efficiency within problems before they cause
lead to improved network the network. This is relevant for disruptions, enabling proactive
performance, reduced congestion, applications like environmental maintenance and preventive
and better user experience. monitoring, smart cities, and measures.
industrial automation.
METHODOLOGY
• Data Collection: Collect RSS measurements from multiple receivers at different locations within
the wireless network. These measurements can be gathered through deployed infrastructure or
mobile devices.

• Preprocessing and Feature Engineering: Pre-process the collected data by handling missing values,
outliers, and scaling.

• Gaussian Process Modeling: Train the GP model using the preprocessed data and selected kernel
function. This involves estimating the hyperparameters of the kernel function that optimize the
model's fit to the training data.

• Prediction and Application: For any new location within the network, use the trained GP model to
predict the received signal strength at that location.
 RESULTS

The scatter plot, along with error bars, helps to identify the model's accuracy and uncertainty.
Lower MSE values indicate better predictive performance.
 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

Ga uss ia n Proc e s s Re gre s s ion (GPR ) ha s be e n imple me nte d to pre dic t the
c ompre s sive stre ngth of c onc re te ba s e d on va rious fe a ture s . The GPR mode l is
c ons truc te d us ing a Ra dia l Ba s is Func tion (R B F) ke rne l a nd is tra ine d on the
s ta nda rdiz e d tra ining da ta . Pre dic tions a re the n ma de on the te s t s e t, a nd the Me a n
Squa re d Error (MSE) is c a lc ula te d to a ss e s s the mode l's a c c ura c y. The vis ua liz a tion
a s pe c t of the c ode involve s a s c a tte r plot c ompa ring true c ompre s s ive s tre ngth
a ga ins t pre dic te d va lue s , a c c ompa nie d by e rror ba rs re pre s e nting pre dic tion
unc e rta intie s . The pre se nc e of a dia gona l da she d line a ids in e va lua ting the mode l's
pre dic tive pe rforma nc e .
 CONCLUSION

• The GP model shines by surpassing traditional methods in complex environments, offering superior
accuracy thanks to its ability to capture hidden relationships and non-linearities.

• Its flexible kernel options further elevate its performance, while providing uncertainty estimates for
informed decision-making.

• Evaluating the model in larger contexts and incorporating broader environmental factors are crucial for
real-world application.
THANK
YOU!