VERB

Practice Questions
1) I ---------that Kamran was a fool when he ignored the advice of his brother
and fought with a much stronger boy.
a) Couldn’t help to think b) Couldn’t help but thinking

c) Couldn’t help think d) Couldn’t help but think

2) We should be used to-----------water by now.

a) live without electricity or running b) live without electricity or run

c) living without electricity or running d) live without electricity or run

 Practice Questions
1) I would rather my friend go to bazar, but his family did not allow him to go.

2) The police entered into the building with a warrant and searched the entire factory

for the missing worker.

3) (A) You need not to have bought (B) your plane ticket (C) so far in advance because

flights (D) to England are never full.

4) (A) I can always tell when my mother (B) is surprised; she tends (C) to rise her

eyebrows (D) high in astonishment.

 Logical Reasoning (Analogy)

1) Horse : Jockey : : Car : ?

A) Brake B) Chauffer

C) Steering D) Mechanic

2) HJIK : MONP :: PORS : ?

A) UVWX B) UWVX

C) UXWV D) UWXV
Do you know…
Subject

Verb

Object
 And
Among all of them, VERB is the
most
important because no sentence
can be made without a verb.
 What is a Verb
A word used to describe an action, state,
or occurrence, and forming the main part
of the predicate of a sentence, such
as hear, become, happen.

Ali drove all the way to Karachi. (Action)

Ali slept all the way to Karachi. (Action)
Ali seemed happy in Karachi. (State of being)
Ali was happy in Karachi. (state of being)
Alright, it’s your turn. I’ll help.

The pizza tastes delicious.

Which word is the verb?
Tastes is the verb because
it is an action.
 TYPES
Transitive Intransitive Linking Main Auxiliary
• in which • in which • That link a • The verb • Helping
action action does subject used after verbs are
passes not pass with an the subject called
from one from one adjective auxiliary
person to person to or anything • He waters verbs
the other the other else the plants.
i.e. i.e. • Has, have,
• He waters • He goes to • He is sick. do, did, is,
the plants. school. am, are
 TYPES
Modal Verbs Stative Verbs Subjunctive Verbs Causative Verbs
• Which show • A verb that • Show unreal • That show
modality indicates the situations, someone or
(ability, state of a wishes, something
possibility, subject. suggestions cause
permission, • Senses etc. something to
advice or • Emotions • Want happen.
obligation etc.) • Possessions • Anticipate • Make
• Can, Could, • Mental State • Get
May, Might, • Have
Must etc.
 TRANSITIVE VERB: Has Object
The judge sentenced
ACTION VERB THAT HAS AN
(sentenced whom?) the
OBJECT. convict.

A VERB THAT TRANSFERS ITS

The attorney revealed
ACTION TO AN OBJECT (revealed what?) the news.
(PERSON / THING).

The defendant could not

VERB+WHAT? provide (could not provide
what?) an alibi.
 INTRANSITIVE VERB: No Obj.

AN ACTION VERB THAT HAS NO OBJECT.

ACTION ENDS ABRUPTLY.

ACTION IS MODIFIED BY AN ADVERB, ADVERB PHRASE, OR A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

e.g. Usman complained bitterly.

e.g. Jahanzeb worked with care and precision.

e.g. Sameen ran into the woods.

 LINKING VERB: links subj.
Sub Linking verb Adverb/adjective

INDICATES STATE OF BEING OR Forms of verb “to be” = is, am,

CONDITION FOR THE SUBJECT, NOT was, are
ACTION
Seem, look, smell

CONNECTS Sarah is a genius girl.

SUBJECT TO A
NOUN. Roads were a slushy mess.
or
PRONOUN, Ali seemed nervous.
OR ADJECTIVE
She looks frightened.
 AUXILIARY VERB : Helping Verb
Helping + Main
Sub Object
verb

A verb that helps main verb To be

“to be” = is, are Ann was feeling tired.

“to do” = did, done
Time does run out.
“to have”= has, had
complications.
and
shall, should, may, might
can, could I cannot come to the banquet.
I have bought me a cow.
 Infinitive and Bare Infinitive
Basically, an infinitive verb
is a verb with the word Bare Infinitive
“to” in front of it.
• to be • an infinitive verb form
• to have without to, used with
• to hold certain auxiliary
• to sleep verbs ,as in I must go.
• to dream
• We might win.
 Bare Infinitive
As you know Bare Infinitive is a
form of infinitive used without ‘To’

could, may, might, must, shall, shoul

d, will, or would (i.e., a modal verb).

You must take a break.

 VERBS ALWAYS CARRY BARE
INFINITIVE
Infinitive  (go + 1st form  to + go)

Bare Infinitive  (ONLY 1st form  + go)

Bid, let, hear, notices, have, make, need not, dare not, had

better, watch, behold, observe, see, feel, but, rather than,

except, rather

I made her to stand. (Incorrect)

 PRACTICE (Incorrect Sentences)

1. Let him to sit there. 2. He bade us to go.

3. I heard him to cry. 4. I noticed them to come in.

5. I saw him to do it. 6. He had better to come in time.

7. I need not to go there. 8. He dare not to do it.

9. Did you feel the earth 10. I will do anything but dancing.
 What is Gerund?

What Are
Gerunds?
(with
Examples) swimming drinking

A gerund is a running
noun formed
from a verb.
All gerunds
end -ing. For
example:
 What is Participle ?
Sleeping
What is The hunter
participle ? Swimming killed the
(with He is sleeping
Examples) swimming deer.

Verb + ing Running

We are
running
 VERBS CARRY PRESENT PARTICIPLE(ING FORM)
AFTER THEM

Succeed (in), prevent (from), prohibit (from), with a view to, look forward to, insist

(on), addicted to, persist (in), fond (of), cannot help etc.

(Incorrect)
He succeeded to pass the examination.

(Correct)
He succeeded in passing the examination.
 VERBS CARRY Gerund (ING FORM) AFTER THEM
Avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, detest,
dislike, enjoy, entail, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, involve, keep,
loathe, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, prevent, resent, resist, risk,
save, Stop

I avoid going to the dentist.

I avoid chocolate.
I miss taking walks in the
morning.
I miss England.
I have finished working.
I have finished the cake.
 VERBS CARRY Gerund (ING FORM) AFTER THEM
Acknowledge, admit, anticipate, appreciate, deny, imagine, mean, mention, propose,
recall, recollect, report, suggest, understand etc.

I can't imagine living in that big house.

I can't imagine a purple unicorn in my yard.
I can't imagine that he lied on purpose.
I understand French.
I understand fishing pretty well.
I understand that you would prefer to stay.
Fill in the blanks by using ‘to-inf’, ‘bare-inf’ or ‘gerund’.

1. Could you please stop ____________(make) so much noise?

2. Ali refused ____________(lend) me any money.
3. Don’t let them ____________(try) this dangerous game!
4. I don’t enjoy ____________ (write) letters.
5. Miss Bushra was very strict. No one dared ____________ (talk) during her
lessons.
6. I ‘ve arranged ____________(play) tennis tomorrow afternoon.
7. Aslam made Ann ____________(cry) yesterday.
8. Have you finished ____________(wash) your hair yet?
9. Ali offered ____________(look) after our children while we were out.
10.He admitted _____________(steal) our car.
11.She doesn’t want ____________(go) home now.
12.It is not allowed ____________(talk) in the library.
13.Would you mind ____________(answer) me some questions?
14.They are watching their children ____________(play).
Making to Try, Writing, to talk, to play, Cry, Washing,to look,Stealing,to go,
to talk answering play
 Causative Verbs
are used to indicate that one person causes a second
person to do something for the first person.

Sub make person BI

I Made him stand

Use of have and get in Causative
sub Have/has person BI

He had Usman Wash his car.

sub get person Past particle

Ali got Aslam killed in the duel.

Sub Have/ Has thing Past participle

I had my papers typed by Adnan.

 Causative Verb (passive)
are used to indicate that one person causes a second
person to do something for the first person.

obj Be + make infinitive By+subject

Was By him
I To stand
made
 Incorrect Correct
• He made Ali to sit in • He made Ali sit in the
the exam. exam.
• He was made sit in • He was made to sit in
the exam by him. the exam by him.
• Saleem got his car
wash by the chaufer. • Saleem got his car
washed by the chauffer.
 LET
• Let →→ is not actually causative, it means allow or permit.
The pattern Let/ permit/allow
S + let + complement + verb in simple form
S + permit + complement + verb in infinitive
allow
1. Aslam let his daughter play with her best friend.
2. Aslam permitted/ allowed his daughter to swim with her
best friend.
• Exercises
1. The teacher made Hamza _______ (leave) the room.
2. Tania had her car _______ (repair) by a machine.
3. Ayesha got Ali_____ (type) her paper
4. We got our house _______ (paint) last week
5. Afaq got his transcripts ______ (send) to the university
6. The teacher let all _____ (leave) the classroom
7. He made me _________ (Cut) an apple.
8. He got his money ________ (return) by the bank
9. The thieves got ________ (kill) by the Police.
10. I made him __________ (Clean) the room.
Leave, Repaired, Type, Painted, Sent, Leave, Cut, Returned, Killed, Clean
 Subjunctive
The subjunctive in English is used to form sentences
that do not describe known facts. These
include statements about one's state of mind,
such as opinion, belief, purpose, intention, or
desire. It contrasts with the indicative mood,
which is used for statements of fact, such
as He speaks English.
 Subjunctive
The Phrases that indicate Subjunctive Mood

It is….

Advisable, critical, desirable, essential, fitting, Imperative, important,

necessary, vital

Other verbs used with the Subjunctive are

Advise, ask, beg, decide, decree, desire, dictate, insist, intend, move, order,
petition, recommend, request, require, resolve, suggest
 Formula
Advisable/
It is suggested/ That person BI
recommended

It is Advisable That Ali Succeed

 Examples

It is imperative that you go home before dark.

It is important that everyone follow the rules.

It is critical that the prime minister address those sensitive issues.

Ali proposes that Usman tell about the progress.

She recommended that he go and see a doctor.

 Examples
If only I were ten years younger.

I only wish that what you say were true.

It is also used to indicate that something is being suggested or

demanded:

The report recommends that he face the tribunal.

It is important that they be aware of the provisions of the Act.

She declined a seat beside Charles on the
sofa. She insisted that Jane sit there.

It was suggested that he wait until the next

morning.

It is important that they be aware of the

provisions of the Act.
 As if…, as though…, if…
After if (or as if, as though, unless) in hypotheses or comparisons:

If that were so, things would be very different.

It was as if Ali were disturbed in some way.

His voice strained as though he were walking on a wire above a pit of sharks.
 If I Were You
• Usage seems to be changing in phrases such as if I were
you, if it were up to me, etc. People often say if I was
you and if it was up to me, but the subjunctive is
preferable in writing, especially any formal or academic
prose. The phrase as it were, however, cannot be modified:
• Having to ask permission, as it were, to see her friends.
• Suddenly, as it were overnight, the weather became hot
and sultry.
 Use of Would Rather
Would rather, when used with a person takes 2nd form of VERB

I would rather you went there.

He would rather Ali got the opportunity.

I would rather you opened the gadget.

 Use of Can’t, Could Not Help

Cannot help is an idiom and is always followed by a Gerund.

I cannot help thinking about you.

I can’t help begging money.

 Use of Can’t, Could Not Help but
Cannot help but is also an idiom and is always followed by a Bare infinitive.

I cannot help but think about you.

I can’t help but beg money.

I can’t help but think about you.

 Verbs that take how to
There are some words that are followed by how to i.e. discover, explain, find
out, know, learn, show, understand, wonder

He learnt how to drive a car.

He explained how to read books.

He knew how to speak.

And when ‘Can’t help’ takes ‘but’ with it, it will also be followed by a bare infinitive
Verbs that are used without Prepositions
Enter: He entered the house.
Discuss: He Discussed the matter with me.
Marry: he married Salma
Lack: He lacks discipline.
Resemble: He resembles his mother.
Approach: I approached him.
Reach: He reached Lahore.
Love: I love Pakistan.
 Look at the other case

When they are used as nouns they are followed

by prepositions
He has a great love FOR me.(Here Love is a
Noun)
He reached into an inside coat pocket. (reach
into is a phrasal verb)
 Use of ‘use to’ and ‘get used to’
‘Use to’ takes bare infinitive and ‘get used to’ takes Gerund

He will get used to travelling.

He used to travel to different cities.

And when ‘Can’t help’ takes ‘but’ with it, it will also be followed by a bare infinitive
He get used to smoking in no time.
 VERBS CARRY SELF FORM

Avail oneself of, absent oneself from, acquit oneself, resign oneself to, avenge

oneself on somebody, enjoy oneself, apply oneself to something

(Incorrect)
I resigned to the idea.

(Correct)
I resigned myself to the idea.
 VERBS NEVER CARRY SELF FORM

Keep, break, bathe, open, spread, turn, draw, rest, enlist,

gather, hide, feed, qualify, steal, make, stop, lengthen.

Saleem keeps himself away from bad boys. (Incorrect)

 PRACTICE

• The USA attacked on Afghanistan.

• He was enjoying in the fair.

• The bird hid itself in the leaves.

• He is keeping himself very busy nowadays.

• Please let me to go.

 VERBS CARRY “AS” AFTER THEM

Regard, represent, portray, depict, define, mention, describe,

Treat

(Incorrect)
I regard Fareed my brother.

(Correct)
I regard Fareed as my brother.
 VERBS DON’T CARRY “AS” AFTER
THEM

Name, call, term, think

(Incorrect)
He called Ali as fool.

(Correct)
He called Aslam fool.
 REFUSE
“SAY THAT YOU DON’T ACCEPT
SOMETHING

• HE DENIED TO HELP ME(INCORRECT )

• HE REFUSED TO HELP ME.(CORRECT)

• HE DENIED TO ACCEP MY INVITATION.(INCORRECT)

• HE REFUSED TO ACCEPT MY INVITATION.(CORRECT)
 REFUSE
“SAY THAT SOEMTHING IS NOT TRUE

• The prisoner refused robbing the bank.

• The prisoner denied robbing the bank.

• The athiest refused the existence of god.

• The athiest denied the existence of god.

 PRACTICE

• He denied to help me

• He knows to read a book.

• He refused that he had broken

the chair
• He succeeded to win the race.
• He knows to speak English.
• He denied to dine with me.
 THESE VERBS ALWAYS GET ADJECTIVES AFTER THEM RATHER
ADVERB OR NOUN

• Smell, sound, look, seem, be, grow, get, become, feel, taste, appear,
turn, make
• He Looks angrily.
•
• He looks angrily. He looks angry.
• He feels happiness. He feels happy.
.Salma is beauty. Salma is beautiful.
.Ali seems happily. Ali seems happy.
 CONSIST IS USUALLY USED IN ACTIVE SENSE
RATHER PASSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE TENSE

• Freedom is consisted in will power.

• (Incorrect)
• Freedom consists in will power.
• (Correct)
• The beauty of air travel is consisting in its speed and ease.
• (Incorrect)
• The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.
• (Correct)
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ‘HANG’ AN HUNG’
• HANG HUNG
• HANG HANGED
• THE PICTURE WAS HANGED . THE PICTURE WAS HUNG.

• THE MURDERER WAS HUNG. THE MURDERER WAS HANGED.

 EXERCISE

• He had become popularity.

• It tastes sweetly.

• The jury is consisted of five judges.

• A beautiful painting was hanged.

 SWIM, FLOAT & SINK, DROWN

• The duck is swimming.(Incorrect)

• The duck is floating.(Correct)

• A ship had drowned.(Incorrect)

• A ship had sunk. (Correct)

• A man sank in a boating accident.(Incorrect)

• A man was drowned in a boating accident.(Correct)

 LIE LAY LAIN
LAY LAID LAID

• He had been laying in bed for half an hour.

• He had been lying in bed for half an hour.
• The hen has lain an egg.
• The hen has laid an egg.
• He laid the book on the table.
• He lay the book on the table.
 Set vs Sit
Raise vs Rise
Sit and Rise are intransitive. Raise and Set are transitive.

• God raises the sun.

• The sun rises in the east.
• He sat on the chair.
• He set the papers on the table.
• The prices have risen.
• The government has raised the prices.
 Fall Vs Fell

Fall Fell Fallen

Fell Felled Felled
• He fell in love with his job.
• The farmer was felling a tree.
• A tree felled on the slope.
• If we drop an object, it falls on the ground.
 Sit for /take the test / examination (STUDENTS)
Set / give the test / examination(TEACHERS)

• The student is giving the test(Incorrect)

• The student is taking the test.(Correct)

• The teacher has taken the test to class.

• The teacher has given test to class.
 After verb “WANT” INFINITIVE IS USED
RATHER THAT-CLAUSE
• She wants that I should teach her English. (that-clause)

• She wants me to teach her English. (infinitive)

• He wants that she should marry him.

• He wants her to marry him.

 EXERCISE (Correct the following
sentences)

• The students are giving the examination.

• He wants that she should marry him.
• Birds lie eggs.
• Some birds are swimming in the lake.
• A man was floating in a pool.
 Rule No. 20 (INVERSION)
• Normal order of the sentence is reversed
when we do inversion.
• For example,
• I had never played cricket before. (Normal)
• Never had I played cricket before. (Inversion)
 Rule No. 20 (INVERSION)
• We use inversion under the following
conditions.
• After SELDOM, NEVER, HARDLY, SCARECLY,
NO SOONER, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES, IN
NO WAY etc.
 Correct the following.

• Hardly I had reached the station when the train left.

• Rarely he played hockey because he didn’t know how to

play this game.
• Under no circumstances I can accept your offer.

• No sooner the doctor had reached than the patient died.