AUTOMATION

PNEUMATIC CONTROL
AIR COMPRESSORS ONBOARDSHIP
AUTOMATION 1
HYDRAULIC CONTROL
HYDRAULIC PUMP ONBOARD SHIP
 PNEUMATICS

The economical systems of pneumatics is a

branch of engineering that uses compressed
air and/or gas to conduct and control energy.
They perform very similarly to that of the
function of hydraulic systems yet they
transfer compressed air and gases instead.
Compressed Air System Components

A compressed air system is much more than just an air compressor. A basic compressed air system
is made up of the following components:
1. The Air Intake Filter is a device composed of fibrous materials designed to trap atmospheric
airborne particles such as dust, pollen, mold, etc. before they can reach the compressor.
2. The Air Compressor is a machine used to convert power (usually from an electric motor, a
diesel engine or a gasoline engine) into kinetic energy by compressing and pressurizing air, which,
on command, can be released in quick bursts. There are several different types of air compressors,
including reciprocating, rotary screw, and rotary centrifugal.
3. The Aftercooler cools the system lubricant and discharged air.
4. The Air Receivers provide compressed air storage capacity to meet peak demand events and
help control system pressure by controlling the rate of pressure change in the system. These tanks
are provided with pressure relief valves.
5. The Air Dryer removes condensation from compressed air in order to prevent damage to the
system.
COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
 HYDRAULICS
• A hydraulic system is a drive technology where a fluid is used to move the energy from
e.g. an electric motor to an actuator, such as a hydraulic cylinder. The fluid is
theoretically uncompressible and the fluid path can be flexible in the same way as an
electric cable.
• Hydraulic systems are mainly used where a high power density is needed or load
requirements chance rapidly. This is especially the case in all kinds of mobile
equipment such as excavators and in industrial systems such as presses.
• In wind turbines, hydraulics is used for pitch and brake control. In some cases,
different auxiliary systems such as hatches and cranes are also powered by hydraulic
systems.
• The main reason for using hydraulics is the high power density and secondly the
simplicity coming from using few components to realize complex and fast moving
machines with a high degree of safety.
 HYDRAULICS SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. Reservoir Oil Tank
The reservoir holds the incompressible fluid, which is usually hydraulic oil. It also protects the fluid from getting contaminated,
which is critical to ensure the hydraulic system functions optimally.
2. Piping
Piping is simply, but importantly, the hollow structures that carry the hydraulic fluid from one location to another within the
system.
3. Hydraulic Pump
The role of hydraulic pumps is to force the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir to the rest of the circuit.
4. Power source
An electric motor or other power source is required to make the mechanical elements of the pump work.
5. Hydraulic Actuator
A hydraulic actuator is the component which changes the hydraulic power in the fluid into mechanical power to achieve the
desired action.
6. Valves
Valves control the pressure, flow rate and direction of the fluid moving through the circuit.
7. Filters
Filters prevent the hydraulic system from being contaminated. This is essential to ensure the system works effectively and
HYDRAULICS SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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 PNEUMATICS &
HYDRAULICS CIRCUIT
COMPONENTS
UNDERSTANDING DIRECTIONAL
VALVE
PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
UNDERSTANDING DIRECTIONAL
VALVE (mode of actuation)
ACTUATORS
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
DIRECTION CONTROL
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LOGIC GATES