Penicillin Discovery

Presentation 1
Group 1 – 6C1.2
Table of contents
01 02 03
Definition History Discovery

04 05 06
Development Main use Treatments
 01
Definition
Penicillins are a group of antibacterial drugs that attack a wide range of bacteria.
How was it discovered?

• The story goes that he returned to his

laboratory one day in September 1928 to
find a Petri dish
containing Staphylococcus bacteria with
its lid no longer in place.
• The dish had become contaminated with
a blue-green mold called Penicillium
notatum. Fleming noted that there was a
clear ring surrounding the mold where
the bacteria had been unable to grow.
 02
History

It was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928

 03.Discovery
● Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age. Before its
introduction, there was no effective treatment for infections such as
pneumonia, gonorrhea, or rheumatic fever. Hospitals were full of people
with blood poisoning contracted from a cut or a scratch, and doctors
could do little for them but wait and hope.
● In March 1942, Anne Miller became the first civilian to receive
successful treatment with penicillin. She narrowly avoided death
following severe infection after a miscarriage.
● Although Fleming technically discovered the first antibiotic, scientists
had to do a lot of work before penicillins could become available for
general use.
● Scientists with a superior laboratory and a deeper understanding of
chemistry than Fleming carried out the bulk of the work. Howard
Florey, Norman Heatley, and Ernst Chain performed the first in-depth
and focused studies on the drug.
 Types of penicillin
Natural
Natural penicillins are produced
from the fermentation of the
fungus Penicillium chrysogenum
Semi-synthetic
The semisynthetic penicillins
are prepared by modifying
the acyl side chain
Antibiotics
There are three main groups of semisynthetic
antibiotics related to penicillin. They are
synthesized by adding different side chains to
the precursor 6-APA, isolated from penicillin
G.
Side effects
Tachycardia
An increased heart rate for any
reason. It can be a usual rise in
heart rate caused by exercise or a
stress response
Hypotension
sudden loss of blood (shock),
severe infection, heart attack, or
severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis).
Urticaria
It is a skin reaction that
causes itchy welts
Tachypnea
fast, shallow breathing that
results from a lack of oxygen
or too much carbon dioxide in
the body.
A picture is worth a thousand words