New Education Policy

1970
PRESENTED BY:
AMNA GHAFOOR
Principles
Education and training are critical inputs
Without harnessing the vast human resources available to
Pakistan, the task of sustaining and accelerating economic
development would remain unfulfilled.
Broaden rapidly the base of education with a view to attaining the
ideal of a universally literate and productive society.
Ensure a continuous supply of highly trained persons capable of
providing imaginative and creative leadership in different spheres of
national activity
Major Points
At free and universal enrolment up to Class V by 1980, with particular stress
on girls education.
It identified that there were about 100 million illiterates in Pakistan of whom
90 percent are concentrated in the rural areas.
 It innovated further to aim at covering 5 million adults and school leavers by
1975 by:
(i) requiring all employers, including government, to provide work-oriented basic education to
all of their employees.
(ii) establishment of a National Education Corps
Aims and objectives
It made two significant points:
First, it asserted that education system created by British
adopted in Pakistan was secular and must be reformed and
Islamized.
Second it launched a frontal attack on all foreign
missionary educational institutions and recommended that
these be nationalized.
Primary and Secondary Education
Primary and Secondary Education
Purposed the creation of district school authority in each district.
The authority was to be autonomous with specific functions tasked
to streamline the primary and secondary school system.
Provincial governments and districts were to work in close
collaboration.
Funding and management was to be raised by local bodies,
provincial governments and center was to provide grant and other
assistant.
Proposed 7 years of compulsory education and compulsory school
attendance till the age of 10 years.
Higher Education
Higher Education
Like previous policy this also supported the idea of promoting the autonomy of
the universities.
Proposed the creation of University Grant Commission to coordinate the
affaires of the universities.
The 1970 policy still continued on improving the quality of university
education and also attracting the best and brightest to university teaching.
It promised better salary structure, greater autonomy and restoration of
university senates.
It promised creation of centers of excellence in the universities.
Created National Institute of Modern Languages at Islamabad and
one at Dhaka.
University grant commission (UGC)was asked to promote between
universities and provincial and federal governments.
Books And Curriculum
Curriculum and textbooks
The 1970 policy declared that the curriculum should be according
to national objectives.
Called for improving analytical skills and imparting scientific
knowledge at elementary level, promote technical and vocational
training.
Proposed each province should have a bureau of curriculum
development and that should coordinate with other boards and
teaching training institutions and integrate curriculum at all levels
and setup meetings on regular bases.
Girls Education
Girls education:
The 1969 and 1970 reports attributes low enrollment of girls in
primary schools to coeducation.
It asserts for social/cultural reason parents do not send girls to
school.
It noted that girl enrollment is less than 20% of total which
worsens at secondary level, so it was purposed that separate girls’
schools will be created.
Technical and vocational
Training
Technical, Vocational and Special
Education
The 1970 made three specific proposals:
60% of students that leave elementary should give opportunity to
join the vocational technical schools.
Central and provincial governments should provide scholarship to
75% students who joins vocational and technical education.
A massive shift towards vocational and technical education at
secondary school level would be desirable goal.
Teacher
Training
Teacher Training
The 1969 and 1970 policies fount too much of bureaucratic control
by the education department bureaucracies as a serious obstacle to
the recruitment of quality teachers at all level.
Both policy favor teacher’s recruitments be made by autonomous
governing bodies at all levels.
The 1970 policy proposed that separate directorates be created,
headed by director general, for recruitment of primary, secondary,
college and vocational/technical teachers.
Implementation
The circumstances in that period were not peaceful.
In 1971, the country was divided into two, Pakistan and
Bangladesh. During this, Government of Yahiya Khan was dissolved.
Like all the previous policies, financial crisis created serious
obstacles in the implementation of this policy.
In 1972, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came to rule. He rejected this policy
and issued a new one so in this way this policy was not
implemented.
Literacy Count in 1972
The 1972 Population Census revealed literacy rates as follows:

TOTAL URBAN RURAL

TOTAL 21.7 41.5 14.3

MALE 30.2 49.9 22.6

FEMALE 11.6 30.9 4.7

REFRENCES
Bengali,K. (1999). History of Educational Policy Making and Planning in Pakistan. Sustainable
development policy institute, Islamabad.

Irfan, N. (1965) Educational Policies in Pakistan: A Comparative Study, Islamabad Institute of

Policies Studies.

Shakoor,A., Azeem,M., Dogar,A.H., Khatoon,Z.,(2011), 1947-2008 Evaluation of Elementary

Education in Pakistan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,1(15),270-276.