VOICE

Active and Passive

 PRESENT SIMPLE

Passive Voice = is/am/are + V3rd

 I write novels.
 Novels are written by me.
 He does not teach Urdu.
 Urdu is not taught by him.
 The politicians allure the public.
 The public is allured by the politicians.
 Do politicians allure the public?
 Is the public allured by the politicians?
 PAST SIMPLE

Passive Voice = was/were + V3rd

 I wrote novels.
 Novels were written by me.
 He did not teach Urdu.
 Urdu was not taught by him.
 The Greeks worshipped idols.
 Idols were worshipped by the Greeks.
 Did the Greeks not worship idols?
 Were the idols not worshipped by the Greeks?
 FUTURE SIMPLE
Passive Voice = will be/ shall be + V3rd
 I shall write novels.
 Novels will be written by me.
 He will not teach Urdu.
 Urdu will not be taught by him.
 Will he not teach Urdu?
 Will Urdu not be taught by him?
 My servant will wash my car.
 My car will be washed by my servant.
 Will my servant wash my car?
 Will my car be washed by my servant?
 He will give me a pen.
 I will be given a pen by him
 A pen will be given to me by him.
 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Passive Voice = is/am/are + being + V3rd
 I am writing novels.
 Novels are being written by me.
 He is not teaching Urdu.
 Urdu is not being taught by him.
 The boys are decorating the classroom.
 The classroom is being decorated by the boys.
 Are the boys decorating the classroom?
 Is the classroom being decorated by the boys?
 A match is being played on the ground.
 Players are playing match on the ground.
 PAST PROGRESSIVE
Passive Voice = was/were + being + V3rd
 I was writing novels.
 Novels were being written by me.
 He was teaching Urdu.
 Urdu was being taught by him.
 The boys were decorating the classroom.
 The classroom was being decorated by the boys.
 Were the boys not decorating the classroom?
 Was the classroom not being decorated by the boys?
 The match was being played in the ground.
 The players/They were playing the match in the ground.
 The classroom was being decorated.
 They were decorating the classroom.
 PRESENT PERFECT
Passive Voice = has/have + been + V3rd
 I have written novels.
 Novels have been written by me.
 He has finished the task.
 The task has been finished by him.
 The peon has switched off the light.
 The light has been switched off by the peon.
 Has the peon switched off the light ?
 Has the light been switched off by the peon?
 Why has the peon switched off the light?
 PAST PERFECT

Passive Voice = had + been + V3rd

 I had written novels.
 Novels had been written by me.
 He had finished the task before the bell rang.
 The task had been finished by him before the bell rang.
 Had he not hidden the new books before we entered the room?
 Had the new books not been hidden by him before we entered the room?
 Why had he not hidden his books before we entered the room?
 Why had his books not been hidden by him before we entered the room?
 FUTURE PERFECT

Passive Voice = will have been / shall have been + V3rd

 I shall have written novels.
 Novels will have been written by me.
 He will have completed the assignment.
 The assignment will have been completed by him.
 Scientists will not have found the cure of coronavirus in future.
 The cure of coronavirus will not have been found by the scientists in future.
 Will the scientists not have found the cure of coronavirus in future?
 Will the cure of coronavirus not have been found by the scientists in future?
 OTHER RULES IN VOICE

ONE – IN VOICE (SHOULD BE)

• One should respect one’s elders.
• The/One’s elders should be respected.

PEOPLE SAY – IN VOICE

• People say that Ali is honest.
• It is said that Ali is honest.
PHRASAL VERBS IN VOICE
• The rich laugh at the poor.
• The poor are laughed at by the rich.

• Ali looks after the garden.

• The garden is looked after by Ali.
• Ali is looking after the garden.
• The garden is being looked after by Ali.

• He takes care of his son.

• His son is taken care of by him.
• He took care of his son.
• His son was taken care of by him.
CLAUSE IN VOICE
• I liked what he said.
• What he said was liked by me.
• How Javed behaved annoyed me.
• I was annoyed by how Javed behaved.

DOUBLE OBJECTS IN VOICE

• Ali gave me a pen.
• A pen was given to me by Ali..
• I was given a pen by Ali.
WHO – IN VOICE
• Who deceived you?
• By whom were you deceived?
• Who gifted him the watch?
• By whom was the watch gifted to him?
• By whom was he gifted a watch?
• Who is knocking at the door?
• By whom is the door being knocked at?
WHICH – IN VOICE
• Which politician do you like?
• Which politician is liked by you?
• Which food did he eat?
• Which food was eaten by him?
• Which newspaper has he liked?
• Which newspaper has been liked by him?
• Which games do you play? Which games are played by you?
WHOSE – IN VOICE
• Whose cat drank milk?
• By whose cat was milk drunk?
• Whose friend deceived you?
• By whose friend were you deceived?
• Whose son defeated everyone?
• By whose son was everyone defeated?

RELATIVE PRONOUN – IN VOICE

• Javed was the man who killed the snake.
• Javed was the man by whom the snake was killed.
• Who was the man who killed the snake?
• Who was the man by whom was the snake killed?
• This is the boy who watches the cricket matches.
• This is the boy by whom the cricket matches are watched.
GERUND – IN VOICE
• He confessed stealing my mobile.
• He confessed my mobile being stolen by him.
• Stealing my mobile was confessed by him.
• He denied helping the poor.
• He denied the poor being helped by him.
• Helping the poor was denied by him.
• I recommend consulting a new doctor.
• I recommend a new doctor being consulted.
• Consulting a new doctor is recommended by me.
IMPERATIVES – IN VOICE
• Open the door.
• Let the door be opened.
• Don’t open the door.
• Let the door not be opened.
• Tell Ali the truth.
• Let the truth be told to Ali.
• Post this letter.
• Let this letter be posted.

LET – IN VOICE
• Let us play a match.
• Let a match be played by us.
• Let Ali play a match.
• Let a match be played by Ali.
• Let Ali tell the truth.
• Let the truth be told by Ali.