ACADEMIC INTEGRITY:

CONSTRUCTING FACT-
BASED STATEMENTS AND
ARGUMENTS

MODULE 5
Academic integrity is a fundamental
aspect of scholarly writing. It involves
constructing fact-based statements and
arguments with honesty, credibility,
and transparency.
FACTS

Facts are statements that can be objectively

verified and proven to be true or false.

They are based on empirical evidence,

observation, or well-established information.
Facts are not influenced by personal beliefs or
feelings.

Examples:
"Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level."
"The Earth orbits the Sun."
OPINIONS
Opinions are statements that express a person's
personal beliefs, feelings, or judgments.
They are subjective and based on individual
perspectives, values, and experiences.
Opinions cannot be proven or disproven
because they are not based on empirical
evidence.
Examples:
"I believe that chocolate ice cream is the
best."
"In my opinion, the movie was boring."
GENERALIZATIONS
Generalizations are statements that make broad
claims about a group, category, or phenomenon
based on specific instances or observations.
They often involve drawing conclusions from a
limited amount of data.
The validity of a generalization depends on the
quality and quantity of the supporting evidence.

Examples:
"People tend to enjoy music."
"All birds can fly."
SOME WORDS THAT GIVE CLUES
ON GENERALIZED STATEMENTS:

All Often
Many Generally
None Never
Always Seldom
Most
Thank you for Listening… Keep
safe and God bless everyone!

Prepared by:

Zarah Marie D. Bernardino, MAEd