Geometric Transformation:

DILATION
Dilation
A dilation, denoted by D(O, k ), where O is a fixed point and
k is a non zero real number, is defined as transformation
which maps a point P to another point P’
A dilation also is a transformation that produces image that is
the same shape as the Original, but in a different size, maybe
stretch or shrinks

• O → centre of dilation • O, P, and P’ are collinear

• k → scale factor • | OP ' | = k · | OP |
 Dilation
Project analysis slide 3
Based on scale factor k , there are following possibilities:
For k > 1, then we have :
 Dilation
Project analysis slide 3
Based on scale factor k , there are following possibilities:
For 0 < k < 1, then we have :
 image original

original image

If k > 1 it is enlarge If 0 < k < 1 it is reduce

(become larger) (become smaller)
Types of Dilation
A. Dilation with O(0,0) as the center

We can write it
x’ = k.x y’ = k.y

or

(x’, y’) = k (x, y) = (kx, ky)

Which is the matrix known as matrix of Dilation
(scalar matrix)
Note : k = x’/x = y’/y
Example 1:
Find the image of the rectangular below under dilation D(O, 2) and then find
the area of the image
Answer:
A(3, 1) , B(6, 1), C(6, 3), and D(3,3)

A’ (x’, y’) = k (x, y) = (kx, ky)

A’ (x’, y’) = 2 (3,1) = (6, 2)

B’ (x’, y’) = k (x, y) = (kx, ky)

B’ (x’, y’) = 2 (6,1) = (12, 2)

C’ (x’, y’) = k (x, y) = (kx, ky)

C’ (x’, y’) = 2 (6, 3) = (12, 6)

D’ (x’, y’) = k (x, y) = (kx, ky)

D’ (x’, y’) = 2 (3,3) = (6, 6)
So, A’(6,2) , B’(12,2) , C’(12, 6) and D’(6,6)

TRICK:
Area of the image is
k2 . Area the original

A’ = k2 . A

Area the original image

A=3.2=6

A’ = k2 . A
Area of the rectangular A’B’C’D’ = 6 . 4 = 24 A’ = 22 . 6
A’ = 4 . 6 = 24
Example 2:
Find the image of the parabola y = x2 – 4x + 4 under dilation D(O, 3)
Answer:
(x’, y’) = k (x, y) = (kx, ky)
(x’, y’) = 3 (x, y)
(x’, y’) = (3x, 3y)
x’ = 3x y’ = 3y
x = x’/3 y = y’/3
Substitute x = x’/3 and y = y’/3 to the parabola
y = x2 – 4x + 4 So, the image of the parabola
y’/3 = (x’/3)2 -4(x’/3) + 4 y = x2 – 4x + 4 is
y’/3 = x’ 2/9 - 4x’/3 + 4 (multiplied by 9)

3y’ = x’ 2 - 12x’ + 36 3y = x2 – 12x + 36 or

y = x2/3 – 4x + 12
Types of Dilation
B. Dilation with A(a,b) as the center

We can write it
x’ = a + k (x-a) y’ = b + k (y-b)

or

A
(x’, y’) = k(x – a, y – b) + (a, b)
Project analysis slide 5
Dilation with A (a,b) as the centre
The figure shows P ( x , y ) under dilation [A (a,b) , k]
is P ( x' , y' )

Based on the figure,

Or we can write it as matrix equation,

Example:
Find the image of the parabola y = x2 – 9 under dilation D(A(1,2) , 1/2)
Answer:
(a, b) = (1, 2) and k = 1/2
(x’, y’) = k (x - a, y - b) + (a, b)
(x’, y’) = 1/2 (x - 1, y - 2) + (1, 2) x’ = x/2 + 1/2 y’ = y/2 + 1
(x’, y’) = (x/2 – ½ , y/2 – 1) + (1,2) 2x’ = x + 1 2y’ = y + 2
(x’, y’) = (x/2 + ½ , y/2 + 1) 2x’ – 1 = x 2y’ – 2 = y
Substitute x = 2x’ – 1 and y = 2y’ – 2 to the parabola
y = x2 – 9
2y’ – 2 = (2x’ – 1)2 – 9 So, the image of the parabola
2y’ – 2 = 4x’ 2 - 4x’ + 1 – 9 y = x2 –9 is
2y’ = 4x’ 2 - 4x’ – 8 + 2
2y’ = 4x’ 2 - 4x’ – 6 (divided by 2) y = 2x2 – 2x – 3
y’ = 2x’ 2 - 2x’ – 3
Thanks !