Matrices

Inverse Of Matrices
Inverse of a Matrix
Let be a square matrix, the inverse of is denoted by such that
−1 −1
𝐴 𝐴= 𝐴 𝐴 =𝐼
Remark, properties of adjoint
𝐴∙ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴=det 𝐴 ∙ 𝐼
If we divide both side by , then
𝐴∙ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 det 𝐴∙ 𝐼 1
= → 𝐴∙ ∙ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴=𝐼
det 𝐴 det 𝐴 det 𝐴
And we know , therefor
−1 1 −1 1
𝐴𝐴 =( 𝐴 ) ∙𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴→ 𝐴 = ∙ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴
det 𝐴 det 𝐴
A matrix which has an inverse is called an invertible matrix
A matrix which has does not have an inverse is called an non-invertible
(or singular ) matrix
Or
The following rule provides a simple way of calculating the inverse of a
matrix when it exists.
Let and be two matrices which satisfy

Then

[ 𝑎
𝑐
𝑏
𝑑 ][ 𝑥
𝑧
𝑦
𝑡 ] [
=
1
0
0
1 ]
[ 𝑎 𝑥 +𝑏𝑧
𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑧
𝑎𝑦 +𝑏𝑡
𝑐𝑦 + 𝑑𝑡 ][ ]
=
1
0
0
1
So, ,
,

Solving these two systems give us

 𝑑 −𝑏 −𝑐 𝑎
𝑥= , 𝑦= ,𝑧= ,𝑡 =
𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐

𝐴
−1
= [ 𝑥
𝑧
𝑦
𝑡 ]

[ ]
𝑑 −𝑏
−1 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐
𝐴 =
−𝑐 𝑎
𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐

𝐴
−1
=
1 𝑑
𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐 [ −𝑏
𝑎 ]
, ( 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 ≠ 0 )

So,
𝐴 =
−1 1 𝑑
𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐 [ −𝑏
𝑎 ] −1
Or 𝐴 =
1
det 𝐴
∙ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴

Note 𝐝𝐞𝐭 𝑨=𝒂𝒅 − 𝒃𝒄 and 𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨= [ 𝒅

−𝒄
−𝒃
𝒂 ]
 Inverse of a Matrix

Rule
A matrix is invertible if and only . if the inverse exists, it is given by

−1
𝐴 =
1 𝑑
𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐[ −𝑏
𝑎 ]
Properties Of Inverse Matrix
If A is an invertible matrix, is positive integer and is a scalar then the
following properties hold
1
( 𝑐𝐴 ) − 1= 𝐴− 1 , 𝑐 ≠ 0
𝐶
( 𝐴 − 1 ) − 1= 𝐴
𝑇 −1 −1 𝑇
(𝐴 ) =( 𝐴 )
𝑘 −1
( 𝐴 ) =⏟−1 −1 −1
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 …𝐴
−1

𝑘 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

( 𝐴𝐵 ) −1= 𝐵− 1 𝐴 −1
Thanks !