ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM
 What is the Endocrine System?
• Your endocrine system is made up of several organs called glands. These
glands, located all over your body, create and secrete (release) hormones or a
group of glands that releases hormones into the body.

• Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by

carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and
other tissues. These signals tell your body what to do and when to do it.

• The hormones created and released by the glands in your body’s endocrine
system control nearly all the processes in your body. These chemicals help
coordinate your body’s functions, from metabolism to growth and
development, emotions, mood, sexual function and even sleep.
 What does the Endocrine System do and how does it work?

• Your endocrine system continuously monitors the amount of hormones in

your blood. Hormones deliver their messages by locking into the cells they
target so they can relay the message.

• The pituitary gland senses when your hormone levels rise, and tells other
glands to stop producing and releasing hormones. When hormone levels dip
below a certain point, the pituitary gland can instruct other glands to produce
and release more. This process, called
 GLANDS

01 Pituitary
Produces hormones that
02 Thyroid
Produces hormones that
stimulate growth, and controls regulate body metabolism, and
the functions of other glands storage of calcium in bones

03 Parathyroid
Produces hormones that control
04 Thymus
Produces hormones that enable
the calcium levels in your body, the body to produce T cells
and normalizes bone growth before puberty
 GLANDS

05 Adrenal
Produces hormones that affects
06 Pancreas
Produce hormones that regulate
metabolism, immune system and blood sugar levels
blood pressure, stress reaction

07 Testes (Males) 08 Ovaries (Females)

Produces hormones that control Produces hormones that influence
maturation of sperm and development development of the secondary female
of the secondary male sexual sexual characteristics, and maturation
characteristics Pineal of the egg cells and ovulation
09 Produces a hormone that
regulates the biological clock
in some animals
GLANDS
GLANDS
 01
Pituitary
 Pituitary
● Produces hormones that stimulate growth,
and controls the functions of other glands
● Also called as the “Master Gland”
● Located at the base of the brain
● HORMONES
● Oxytocin
● Growth
● Hormones (GH)
● Prolactin (PRL)
● Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
● Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
● Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
● Antidiuretic hormone (AH)
● Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
 “MASTER
GLAND”
A pea-sized organ attached to the part of the brain called the
hypothalamus.
FUNCTION of PITUITARY GLAND

PRODUCES CONTROLS
HORMONES controls the functions of
It produces hormones that many of the other endocrine
stimulates growth glands
 02
Thyroid
-Produces hormones that
regulate body metabolism,
and storage of calcium in
bones
-Located in front of the neck and
below the voice box

Hormone
-Thyroid Hormone
03
Parathyroid
 Parathyroid

• Produces hormones that control the calcium levels

in your body, and normalizes bone growth.
• Located in the neck.
• four pea-sized organs found in the neck near
the thyroid.
HORMONE
• Parathormone
04
Thymus
 Thymus

• Produces hormones that enable the

body to produce T cells before
puberty.

• Located in front of the heart.

Hormones
• Thymosin
05
Adrenal
 Adrenal

• Produces hormones that

affects metabolism, immune
system and blood pressure,
stress reaction.
• Regulated body metabolism
• Located at top of the
kidneys
• Hormones
Adrenaline
And others
06
Pancreas
Pancreas

● Produce hormones that regulate blood

sugar levels
● Located behind the stomach

HORMONES
• Insulin
• Glucagon
Reproductive
 Reproductive

HORMON
• Produces hormones that ES • Produces hormones that
control maturation of • Testosterone • Estrogen, influence development
sperm and development Progesterone of the secondary female
of the secondary male sexual characteristics,
sexual characteristics. and maturation of the
egg cells and ovulation.
• Located at scrotum. • Located at Pelvic area.
 The Role of Hormones in Female and
Male Reproductive Systems
A human being depends on reproduction for continued production of species. If humans stop to
reproduce, the human species would become extinct. Reproduction is a normal process controlled by
hormones. These hormones keep both the male and female reproductive systems to function properly. The
pituitary gland controls the functions of both the testes and ovaries.
Into the male system, pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone
(LH). As the FSH enters the testes, it stimulates the Sertoli cells that are responsible for nourishing the sperm
cells that the testes produce to facilitate the process of sperm production. Also, LH enters the testes to
stimulate the interstitial cells called the Leydig cells to make and release testosterone into the testes and the
blood. The hormone testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics
and stimulates the process of sperm production in the testes.
In female reproductive system, the follicles produce estrogen that controls the growth and release of eggs
from the ovaries. Together with it is another hormone known as progesterone which prepares uterus so that the
fertilized egg can grow in it. Progesterone is also responsible for preventing muscle contraction of the uterus
that can cause the egg to detach from the uterus. In addition, the hormone inhibin produced by follicle cells
inhibit FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) production. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH
(luteinizing hormone) plays in the regulation of estrogen-progesterone levels. It affects the development of the
follicles and maturation of the egg as well as the process of ovulation.
09
Pineal
 Pineal

● Produces a hormone that regulates the

biological clock in some animals.
● Located in the brain.

HORMONE
S
• Melatonin
Diseases/
Illnesses/Disorders
Involved
Hormonal imbalance will occur if the
organs and hormones of your body do not
produce the right amount of chemicals
needed which in turn may lead to some
dysfunctions. The following are some
examples of endocrine disorders.
 Endocrine System Disorders
Osteoporosis Goiter Gigantism
Dwarfism
a disease that happens a disorder that happens
an abnormal
when the mineral density during childhood when a condition wherein the
enlargement of the
of the bone is reduced there is abnormal production of growth
thyroid gland. It results
making it brittle and increase in height hormones in the
from the
porous. Parathyroid associated with too pituitary gland is
underproduction or
hormone secretion is one much secretion of insufficient resulting in
overproduction of
of the possible causes of growth hormones. short stature.
thyroid hormones.
this disease.
Examples of Endocrine System Disorders
Examples of Endocrine System Disorders
Examples of Endocrine System Disorders
Examples of Endocrine System Disorders