Module Crim Prof 213

COMPARATIVE POLICE
SYSTEM
MS. MEDELYN SALCEDO LACUNSAY, MSCRIM.

SCOPE OF BOARD EXAMINATION
SUBJECT/AREA WEIGHT
Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure & Evidence

20%
Law Enforcement Administration

20%
Crime Detection and Investigation

20%
Criminalistics
15%
Correctional Administration
10%
Sociology of crimes and Ethics

15%
LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
Cluster/Subject/Competency Weight
Police Organization & Administration with Police Planning

3.6%
Industrial Security Management 3%
Police Patrol Operations with Police Communication System

3.5%
Police Intelligence 3.4%
Police Personnel and Records Management

3.5%
Comparative Police System 3%
Total
20%
PRELIM LECTURE
CHAPTER 1: GLOBALIZATION
• Effects of Globalization
• Selected Police Models
• The Role of the INTERPOL
• Bilateral and International Cooperation
• Participation of PNP personnel in UN
Peacekeeping Missions
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
Effects of Globalization on the role and functions
of the Police
Threats and Opportunities for policing brought
about by Globalization
Nature of Transnational Crimes like:
Terrorism
Drug Trafficking
Money-Laundering
Human Trafficking
Cybercrimes
SELECTED POLICE MODELS
• Japan
• Singapore
• America
• Australia
• Other ASEAN and EUROPEAN Countries
THE ROLE OF THE INTERPOL
• Contributions of the INTERPOL in combating

Transnational Crime and Terrorism
• Its concept of Criminal Intelligence Analysis

BILATERAL AND INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
• UN Convention against Transnational Crime
• Contributions of the ASEANAPOL to regional

peace and security
PARTICIPATION OF PNP PERSONNEL IN UN
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS
• Selection and Qualifications
• Terms of Deployment
OUTLINE OF THE TOPIC
• Objectives
• Meaning of Globe
• What is Globalization?
• Features of Globalization
• Effects of Globalization
• Effects of Globalization to the Role and
Functions of the Police
• Opportunities and Threats for Policing brought
about by Globalization
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the meaning and concept of

Globalization
• To learn the Effects of Globalization to Mankind
• To know the Effects of Globalization to the Roles
and Functions of the Police
GLOBE
• Asia
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Antarctica
• Europe
• Australia
What is Globalization?
• The process of global

integration of the
economies of nations by
allowing the unrestricted
flow of goods, services,
investments; and
currencies between and
among countries.
FEATURES OF GLOBALIZATION
FREE MARKET
• LIBERAL POLICIES IN
WORLD ECONOMY
• FREE OR OPEN MARKET
• GOODS ARE AVAILABLE

ACROSS THE GLOBE
INTERNET REVOLUTION

RESULTS
- MOBILE PHONES AND INTERNET

BROUGHT PEOPLE CLOSER
- WORK CAN BE OUTSOURCED TO

ANY PART OF THE WORLD THAT
HAS AN INTERNET
CONNECTION
HIGH-SPEED FORM OF TRANSPORTATION AND
COMMUNICATION
ONE IS ABLE TO REACH

ONE’S DESTINATION IN A
RELATIVELY SHORT SPAN
OF TIME
THROUGH:
- AIR TRAVEL (OPEN SKY)

- RAIL TRAVEL
(TRAINS/MASS TRANSIT)
- SEA TRAVEL
(SPEEDBOATS)
GLOBAL INTEGRATION
THE IDEA OF REALIZING A
ONE SINGLE UNIFIED
COMMUNITY.
VILLAGIZATION
 GLOBAL VILLAGE – A FUTURISTIC

VERSION OF WORLD
COMMUNITY AS A VILLAGE
CREATED BY A HIGH-LEVEL OF
ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION,
CONCIEVED BY MARSHAL
MCLUHAN
WESTERNIZATION
• AMERICANIZATION – THE
DOMINANCE OF WESTERN
FORMS OF POLITICAL,
ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL
LIFE
• McDONALDIZATION
EFFECTS
OF
GLOBALIZATION
GENERAL EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
INDUSTRY
• Emergence of worldwide
production markets and
broader access to a range of
foreign products for
consumers and companies.
FINANCE
• Emergence of
worldwide financial
markets and better
access to external
financing for
borrowers.
ECONOMY
• Realization of a global
common market, based on the
freedom of exchange of goods
and capital.
HEALTH
• On the global scale,

health becomes a
commodity.
POLITICS
• some use "globalization"

to mean the creation of a
world government which
regulates the
relationships among
governments and
guarantees the rights
arising from social and
economic globalization.
INFORMATION
• Increase in information
flows between
geographically remote
locations.
COMPETITION
• Survival in the new global
business market calls for
improved productivity and
increased competition.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Social - development
of the system of non-
governmental
organizations as main
agents of global public
policy, including
humanitarian aid and
developmental efforts.
TECHNOLOGY
Development of a Global
Information System, global
telecommunications
infrastructure and greater
trans-border data flow, using
such technologies as the
Internet, communication
satellites, submarine fiber optic
cable, and wireless telephones
LEGAL/ETHICAL
The creation of the
international criminal court
and international justice
movements.
◦ Crime importation and raising
awareness of global crime-
fighting efforts and cooperation.
◦ The emergence of Global
administrative law.
RELIGION
• The spread and increased

interrelations of various
religious groups, ideas,
and practices and their
ideas of the meanings and
values of particular
spaces.
CULTURE
• "Culture" is defined as
patterns of human activity
and the symbols that give
these activities significance.
• Culture is what people eat,

how they dress, the beliefs
they hold, and the activities
they practice.
• Globalization has joined

different cultures and made it
into something different.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
• It has increased inequality and environmental

degradation.
• In many poorer nations, foreign businesses

utilizing workers in a country take advantage of
the lower wage rates. (sweatshops)
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
Brain drain - Opportunities in richer countries drives
talent away from poorer countries, leading to brain
drains.
Disease - Globalization has also helped to spread some

of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans.
Drug and illicit goods trade – Worldwide, the UN

estimates there are more than 50 million regular users
of heroin, cocaine and synthetic drugs.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
ON THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS
OF THE POLICE
POSITIVE EFFECTS
Improvement of domestic and international
police capabilities;
Enhanced international cooperation to combat

transnational crimes and terrorism;
Strengthened police investigative capabilities.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS
 Threats of Terrorism and Organized Crime
Terrorists and Criminal Groups have access to sophisticated weapons

enhancing their capability to inflict damage and to commit crimes;
Terrorists and Criminals use Internet for communicating among

themselves;
Terrorists can spread propaganda through the Internet;
 More rallies/demonstrations by anti-globalization groups
 Increase in criminality
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS
FOR POLICING BROUGHT ABOUT
BY GLOBALIZATION
OPPORTUNITIES
• More training abroad for police personnel;
• Availability of State-of-the-Art police
equipment;
• Strong cooperation among nations against
transnational crime and terrorism;
• Participation in UN Peacekeeping Missions
THREATS
• Strong capabilities of organized crime /terrorist

groups.
• Commission of more transnational crimes;
• More incidents of terrorism;
• Increase in criminal activity;
ACTIVITY # 2
• DIRECTIONS: Answer the following briefly (25 pts each)
• Is there anything wrong with Starbucks or McDonald’s

trying to crack the China market and open as many
stores there as possible?
• What are the benefits of globalization for the average
person?
• What are the drawbacks of globalization for the average
person?
• what ways might globalization render the nation-state
relatively weak (and is this necessarily a bad thing)?
CHAPER 2: TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
• Definition of Terms
• Meaning of Transnational Crime
• Transnational Organize Crime Group
• Organized Crime Group
• Organized Crime Group
• Famous Transnational Organized Crime Groups
in the Philippines
• PCTC
• Functions of PCTC
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES
DEFINITION
• Crime that takes place across

national borders.
MEANING OF “TRANSNATIONAL”
• The word "transnational" describes crimes that

are not only international (that is, crimes that
cross borders between countries), but crimes
that by their nature involve border crossings as
an essential part of the criminal activity.
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
• Transnational crimes also include crimes that

take place in one country, but their
consequences significantly affect another
country.
TRANSNATIONAL
ORGANIZED CRIME
• It refers specifically to transnational crime

carried out by organized crime groups.
ORGANIZED CRIME GROUP
A structured group of three or more persons existing for
a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of
committing one or more serious crimes or offenses in
order to obtain, directly, or indirectly, a financial or
other material benefit.” (UN Convention’ definition)
A profit motivated and highly capable group of persons

or an enterprise organized to undertake widespread,
regular or long term, large scale, high profile and
diversified criminal activities that has high- impact on
the economy and national security . (Definition adopted
by Philippine Law Enforcement Agencies)
FAMOUS TRANSNATIONAL
ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS
MAFIA
• The Mafia (also known as Cosa

Nostra) is a criminal syndicate
that emerged in the mid 19th
century in Sicily. It is a loose
association of criminal groups
that share a common
organizational structure and code
of conduct. Each group, known as
a "family", "clan", or "cosca",
claims sovereignty over a territory
in which it operates its rackets –
usually a town or village or a
neighbourhood (borgata) of a
larger city.
YAKUZA
• YAKUZA is Japan’s native

organized crime. It is
considered as Japan’s MAFIA.
Full-body tattoos and severed
fingertips are features of a
Yakuza member.
TRIADS
• Triad is a term used to

describe many branches of
Chinese criminal organizations
based in Hong Kong, Macau,
Mainland China, and also in
countries with significant
Chinese populations, such as
Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan,
the United States and Canada.
WEST AFRICAN DRUG SYNDICATE
Modus Operandi
Drugs mostly came from South

America and passed through
the West African Countries
like Senegal, Guinea-Bissau,
Sierra Leone and Ghana.
Members of the drug syndicate

usually approach people via
social networking websites or
go to provinces to recruit drug
carriers.
ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
PENTAGON GROUP
 Pentagon Group headed by Tahir Alonto
with around 168 armed members, engaged
primarily in KFR and operates in Mindanao.
This group is a creation of the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF). It was organized
not only to generate funds for the latter
through illegal means but also insulate the
MILF from accusations that its members are
involved in purely criminal acts. Its leader,
Tahir Alonto is the former planning and
operations office of the BIAF and the nephew
of MILF's Chairman Al Haj Murad.
KURATONG BALELENG GROUP
• Francisco Group, formerly the
Dragon or the Kuratong Baleleng
Group, now led by Manuel
Francisco, with 66 members
armed with assorted type of high
powered FAs and operates in the
cities of Cagayan De Oro, Pagadian
and Dipolog, and other
neighboring cities and
municipalities in southern
Philippines, in Central Philippines
(Cebu), and in northern
Philippines (MM). The group is
engaged in robbery/hold-up,
carnapping, illegal drugs
trafficking, and smuggling of rice
and sugar.
DOMINGUEZ CARJACKING GROUP
• Dominguez Group, a car-
jacking group operating in
Luzon particularly in the NCR,
Regions 3 and 4, all in Luzon.
REX SALUD GROUP
• Rex “Wacky” Salud Group
with 30 members operating in
Cebu, engaged in illegal
gambling and the Vicviv Yu
Group with 16 members
operating in Central Visayas
and also engaged in illegal
gambling.
DISTINCTION BETWEEN ORGANIZED
CRIME AND TERRORISM
• Organized crime is generally held to focus

mainly on economic profit and on acquiring as
much of an illegal market share as possible,
while terrorism is said to be motivated chiefly
by ideological aims and by a desire for political
change.
RACKETEERING
• A racket is an illegal business, usually run as
part of organized crime. Engaging in a racket is
called racketeering.
• The best-known form of racketeering is the
protection racket, in which criminals demand
money from businesses in exchange for the
service of "protection" against crimes that the
racketeers themselves instigate if unpaid. A
second well known example is the numbers
racket, a form of illegal lottery.
• RICO law
PHILIPPINE CENTER FOR
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
• The PCTC was created to address the global threat to
national and international security;
• It is established to provide a shared central database

among agencies for information on criminals,
methodologies, arrests, and convictions involving
transnational crimes and other crimes that have an
impact on the stability and security of the country.
FUNCTIONS OF THE PCTC
 Supervise and control conduct of anti-transnational
crime operations;
 Establish a central database on national as well as

international legislations and jurisprudence on
transnational crime;
 Formulate strategies for the prevention and

detection of transnational organized crime and for
the apprehension of criminal elements involved;
FUNCTIONS OF THE PCTC
 Design programs and projects aimed at enhancing
national capacity-building in combating transnational
crime, and support related programmes and projects of
other ASEAN and international Centers; and
 Explore and coordinate information exchanges and

training with other government agencies, foreign
countries and international organizations involved in
the combat against transnational crime.
ACTIVITY # 3
• DIRECTIONS: Answer the following briefly (25
pts each)
1. Explain the concept of Transnational Crime?

2. Discuss Transnational crime and organized
crime .
3. Distinguish transnational crime to organized
crime group to syndicate
CHAPTER 3: ORGANIZED CRIME
CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
• Human Trafficiking
• Tactics of Human Trafficking
• Victims of Huamn Trafficking
• RA 9203
• Categories of Human Trafficking
• Money Laudering
• Cybercrime
• Environmental Crime
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
TRAFFICKING IN PERSON
• It involves the recruitment, transport,
harboring, or sale of persons, within or across
national borders, for the purpose of exploiting
their labor.
• Trafficked persons are forced into prostitution,

domestic servitude, bonded sweatshop labor,
and other kinds of work or slavery-like practices.
Trafficked persons are also victims of organ
removal and sale.
TACTICS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKERS
Deception
Fraud
Intimidation
Threat
Physical force
Debt bondage
VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
• Women and children are typically the victims of

trafficking.
• They are recruited with promises of decent jobs in

foreign countries or provinces.
• However, instead of having decent jobs, trafficked

women and children find themselves placed in situations
of force labor and prostitution
REPUBLIC ACT 9208
• Known as the “Anti-Trafficking Act of 2003”
• The Philippine law that defines and penalizes

human trafficking.
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
1. Acts of trafficking in persons;
2. Acts that promote trafficking in

persons; and
3. Qualified trafficking in persons.

(a) To recruit, transport, transfer; harbor, provide,

or receive a person by any means, including those
done under the pretext of domestic or overseas
employment or training or apprenticeship, for the
purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual
exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary
servitude or debt bondage;
(b) To introduce or match for money, profit, or
material, economic or other consideration, any
person or, as provided for under Republic Act
No. 6955, any Filipino woman to a foreign
national, for marriage for the purpose of
acquiring, buying, offering, selling or trading
him/her to engage in prostitution, pornography,
sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery,
involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(c) To offer or contract marriage, real or

simulated, for the purpose of acquiring, buying,
offering, selling, or trading them to engage in
prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation,
forced labour or slavery, involuntary servitude or
debt bondage;
(d) To undertake or organize tours and travel
plans consisting of tourism packages or
activities for the purpose of utilizing and
offering persons for prostitution,
pornography or sexual exploitation;
(e) To maintain or hire a person to engage in

prostitution or pornography;
(f) To adopt or facilitate the adoption of persons for

the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual
exploitation, forced labour, slavery, involuntary
(g) To recruit, hire, adopt, transport or abduct a

person, by means of threat or use of force, fraud,
deceit, violence, coercion, or intimidation for the
purpose of removal or sale of organs of said
person; and
(h) To recruit, transport or adopt a child to engage

in armed activities in the Philippines or abroad.
Acts that promote Trafficking in Persons
(a) To knowingly lease or sublease, use or allow to

be used any house, building or establishment for
the purpose of promoting trafficking in persons;
(b) To produce, print and issue or distribute un-

issued, tampered or fake counseling certificates,
registration stickers and certificates of any
government agency which issues these
certificates and stickers as proof of compliance
with government regulatory and pre-departure
requirements for the purpose of promoting
trafficking in persons;
(c) To advertise, publish, print, broadcast or

distribute, or cause the advertisement,
publication, printing, broadcasting or
distribution by any means, including the use of
information technology and the internet, of any
brochure, flyer, or any propaganda material that
promotes trafficking in persons;
(d) To assist in the conduct of misrepresentation or fraud for
purposes of facilitating the acquisition of clearances and
necessary exit documents from government agencies that
are mandated to provide pre-departure registration and
services for departing persons for the purpose of promoting
trafficking in persons;
(e) To facilitate, assist or help in the exit and entry of persons

from/to the country at international and local airports,
territorial boundaries and seaports who are in possession of
unissued, tampered or fraudulent travel documents for the
purpose of promoting trafficking in persons;
(f) To confiscate, conceal, or destroy the passport, travel

documents, or personal documents or belongings of
trafficked persons in furtherance of trafficking or to
prevent them from leaving the country or seeking
redress from the government or appropriate agencies;
and
(g) To knowingly benefit from, financial or otherwise,

or make use of, the labor or services of a person held to
a condition of involuntary servitude, forced labor, or
slavery.
QUALIFIED TRAFFICKING
IN PERSON
(a) When the trafficked person is a child;
(b) When the adoption is effected through Republic

Act No. 8043, otherwise known as the "Inter-
Country Adoption Act of 1995" and said adoption is
for the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual
exploitation, forced labour, slavery, involuntary
IN PERSON
(c) When the crime is committed by a syndicate, or in large

scale.
Trafficking is deemed committed by a syndicate if

carried out by a group of three (3) or more persons
conspiring or confederating with one another.
It is deemed committed in large scale if committed

against three (3) or more persons, individually or as a
group;
IN PERSON
(d) When the offender is an ascendant, parent, sibling,

guardian or a person who exercises authority over the
trafficked person or when the offense is committed by a
public officer or employee;
(e) When the trafficked person is recruited to engage in

prostitution with any member of the military or law
enforcement agencies;
IN PERSON
(f) When the offender is a member of the military or law

enforcement agencies; and
(g) When by reason or on occasion of the act of trafficking

in persons, the offended party dies, becomes insane,
suffers mutilation or is afflicted with Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or the Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
DISTINCTION BETWEEN HUMAN
TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN SMUGGLING
• Human Trafficking
▫ Usually involves coercion
▫ Characterized by subsequent exploitation after
the illegal entry of a person into a foreign
country
▫ Considered a human rights issue
• Human Smuggling
▫ Usually does not involve coercion
▫ Characterized by facilitating, for a fee, the
illegal entry of a person into a foreign country
▫ Considered a migration concern
DRUG TRAFFICKING
DRUG TRAFFICKING
• Refers to illegal cultivation, culture, delivery,

administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale,
trading, transportation, distribution,
importation, exportation and possession of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical.
REPUBLIC ACT 9165
• RA 9165 is known as the Philippine
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
• It is signed by President Arroyo on June 7, 2002

and it took effect on July 4, same year
• It amended RA 6425, otherwise known as

the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972
REPUBLIC ACT 9165
• It defines more concrete courses of action for the

national anti-drug campaign and imposes
heavier penalties to offenders
• It creates the Philippine Drug Enforcement

Agency (PDEA) under the Office of the
President.
Extent of Illegal Drug Activities in the
Philippines
• RP is a producer, exporter and consumer of

cannabis plant-based drugs (Marijuana, hashish,
et., al.)
• RP is an importer and consumer of synthetic

drugs, in particular methamphetamine hydro-
chloride (Shabu)
Extent of Illegal Drug Activities in the
Philippines
• RP is a transit point for the international trade in

heroin and cocaine
• RP is being used as a recreation haven, and a

hiding place for international drug syndicates,
some of whom envision it as a regional
headquarters in the near future
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
• Established by Republic Act 9165, in 2002;
• It is the leading anti-drugs agency in

the Philippines, under the supervision of
the Dangerous Drug Board, which in turn, is
under the Office of the President of the
Philippines.
PDEA
• It is tasked with the enforcement of the penal
and regulatory provisions of RA 9165.
• All other agencies in the Philippines, such as

the Philippine National Police, the National
Bureau of Investigation, and the Bureau of
Customs Enforcement Service, must inform
and coordinate any anti-drug operations with
the PDEA.
PDEA
• The PDEA is led by a Director General and assisted

by other officials.
• The more prominent units within the PDEA are

the intelligence and investigation, plans and
operations, and the legal and prosecution services.
• The basic qualifications for becoming a Drug

Enforcement Officer are as follows: 21 to 35 years of
age, a college degree holder, has passed the Civil
Service Professional Exam, and physically fit.
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD
• The Dangerous Drugs Board is a Philippine

government agency that makes policies,
strategies and programs on drug prevention and
control.
• The board is managed under the Office of the

President.
MONEY-LAUNDERING
MONEY-LAUNDERING
“Money Laundering” is a crime whereby the proceeds of
an unlawful activity are transacted, thereby making them
appear to have originated from legitimate sources. (RA
9160, the Philippine Anti-Money Laundering Act of
2001)
In other words, it the process of legitimizing “ill-gotten

wealth”.
Thus, the process of money laundering involves

disguising of illegal assets, converting them into legal
gains, and removing them from access by the criminal
justice system while retaining their economic value.
PURPOSES OF RA 9160
• To protect and preserve the integrity and

confidentiality of bank accounts; and
• To ensure that the Philippines shall not

be used as a money-laundering site for the
proceeds of any unlawful activity.
FOREIGN POLICY
• The State shall extend cooperation in

transnational investigations and prosecutions of
persons involved in money-laundering activities
wherever committed.
HOW “ML” IS COMMITTED
1. Any person knowing that any monetary instrument or
property represents, involves, or relates to the proceeds of any
unlawful activity, transacts or attempts to transact said
monetary instrument or property; (Penalty: 7-14 yrs
imprisonment/nlt 3Mfine)

property involves the proceeds of any unlawful activity,
performs or fails to perform any act as a result of which he
facilitates the offense of “ML” referred to in number 1
( Penalty: 4-7 yrs imprisonment/nlt 1.5M-nmt 3Mfine); and

property is required under this Act to be disclosed and filed
with the Anti-Money Laundering Council, fails to do so.
(Penalty: 6mos-4yrs imprisonment/nlt 100K-nmt 500K fine)
COVERED TRANSACTION
• In excess of 4 Million Pesos

JURISDICTION
The REGIONAL TRIAL COURT (RTC) shall
have jurisdiction to try all cases on Money-
laundering.
Those committed by public officers and private

persons who are in conspiracy shall be under the
jurisdiction of the SANDIGANBAYAN.
COMPOSITION OF THE “AMLC”
Chairman – Central Bank Governor

Members:
Insurance Commissioner
SEC Chairman
AMENDMENT
• Some provisions of RA 9160 was amended by RA

9194 signed on March 7, 2003
Activity # 4
• DIRECTIONS: Answer the following briefly (25 pts each)
1. What is the status of drug problem in the Philippines?

2. What is the status of drug trafficking in the Philippines?
3. What are the different measures in addressing drug
problem in the Philippines?
4. What are the different measures in addressing human
trafficking in the Philippines?
MIDTERM LECTURE
CYBERCRIME
SAYING
“The modern thief can steal more with a

computer than with a gun.....
Tomorrow’s terrorist may be able to do

more damage with a keyboard than a bomb.”
WHAT IS “CYBER CRIME”?
• Cybercrime - is a criminal act that is performed with the
aid of a computer.
• It is an illegal activity committed in the internet.
• It is a broad term that describes everything from

electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause
electronic commerce sites to lose money.
• Illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card

fraud, spams, software piracy, and so on which invade our
privacy and offend our senses.
TYPES OF CYBERCRIME
Cybercrimes against persons
Cybercrimes against property
Cybercrimes against government

CYBERCRIME AGAINST PERSONS
Obscene material and pornography: The selling, posting
and distributing of obscene material such as
pornography, indecent exposure, and child pornography;
Cyber stalking: The act of using a computer and the

internet to continually attempt to conduct and/or
intimidate another person;
Cyber harassment: The harassment of a person through

electronic mail, on chat sites, or by printing information
about the person on websites.
CYBERCRIME AGAINST PROPERTY
Hacking: The act of using programming abilities with
malicious intent;
Cracking: The act of using programming abilities in an

attempt to gain unauthorized access to a computer or
network;
Piracy: Copying and distributing software or other items

belonging to someone else over the Internet;
Computer Vandalism: The creation and transmission of

harmful computer programs (Viruses)
CYBERCRIME AGAINST GOVERNMENT
• Cyber terrorism: The use of computer and/or the

Internet to further political goals of terrorism against a
country and its citizens.
• This crime manifests itself into terrorism when an

individual “cracks” into a government or military
maintained website.
• Internet is being used by terrorist organizations in

communicating with their operatives, in collecting
contributions from their symphatizers all over the world,
and using the medium for intra-bank transfer of funds.
KINDS OF CYBER CRIMES
1. Unauthorized access to a computer or
network;
2. Creation and dissemination of harmful

computer programs which do irreparable
damage to computer system;
3. Software piracy – distributing illegal and

unauthorized pirated copies of software.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES
• Illegal wildlife trade in endangered species in
contravention to the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora
(CITES);
• Smuggling of Ozone depleting substances

(ODS) in contravention to the 1987 Montreal Protocol
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer;
• Dumping and illicit trade in hazardous waste

in contravention of the 1989 Basel Convention on the
Control of Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous
Wastes and Other Wastes and their Disposal;
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES
• Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in
contravention to controls imposed by various regional
fisheries management organizations;
• Illegal logging and the associated trade in stolen

timber in violation of national laws.
• These crimes are liable for prosecution. Interpol

facilitates international police cooperation and assists
its member countries in the effective enforcement of
national and international environmental laws and
treaties. Interpol began fighting environmental crime
in 1992.[2]
Activity # 5
• DIRECTIONS: Answer the following briefly (100pts
each)
1. WATCH THE LINK : https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=PnM6JMvokE0
Q1. What is your realization, abouth Filipino against

Filipino type of war?
CHAPTER 4: TERRORISM
• Definition
• Perspective of Terrorism
• Views about Terrorism
• State-Sponsored Terrorism
• Kinds of Terroristics Activities
• Categories of Terrorsits
• Major Terrorist in teh World
TERRORISM
TERRORISM
• It is the illegal use or the threat of use, of

anxiety-inducing unusual violence for
political purposes by individual or groups
(either acting for or against a government)
intended to influence the behavior and/or
attitudes of a target group wider than the
immediate victims.
FBI DEFINITION
It is “the unlawful use of force or violence

against person or property to intimidate or
coerce a government, the civilian population,
or any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives.”
US DD DEFINITION
• It as “the calculated use of unlawful violence

or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear,
intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or
societies in the pursuit of goals that are gAenerally
political, religious, or ideological.”
• The US Defence Department also defines

terrorism to be “premeditated politically-motivated
violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets
by sub-national groups or clandestine agents,
usually intended to influence an audience.
UN DEFINITION
“An anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent

action, employed by (semi-) clandestine
individual, group or state actors, for
idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons.”
BRITISH GOVERNMENT DEFINITION
• “The use of violence for political ends, and

includes any use of violence for the purpose of
putting the public, or any section of the public,
in fear.”
PERSPECTIVE OF TERRORISM
The terrorists
The victims
The general public

VIEWS ABOUT TERRORISM
1. Terrorists viewed themselves as freedom
fighters.
2. For the victims and others, they see the

terrorists as criminals with no regard for
human life.
STATE-SPONSORED TERRORISM
State-sponsored terrorism is the
deliberate employment of violence by states and
associated sub-national groups to attain strategic,
political or religious objectives by criminal acts
intended to create overwhelming fear in the target
population.
Some nations or quasi-statal political entities

have taken up the sponsorship of terrorist violence
as a form of covert warfare against their selected
enemies
ADDRESSING TERRORISM
• 170 nations make their own laws governing the

appropriate responses to terrorist crimes and
those with common cultural traditions ought to
work together to suppress assault on their
societies.
KINDS OF TERRORISTIC ACTIVITIES
Bombings
Kidnappings
Assassinations
Hijackings
Genocide
Arsons
Barricaded/hostage situations
CATEGORIES OF TERRORISTS
Crusaders
Criminals
Crazies
CRUSADERS
Terrorists who are ideologically and

politically inspired, and want prestige and
power for a collective goal of higher course.
CRIMINALS
• Terrorists whose motive is for personal

gains
CRAZIES
• Mentally-ill persons who make terroristic

acts during or on a period of psychiatric
disturbances. They are unpredictable and
impulsive.
DESCRIPTION OF TERRORISM
1. Both a tactic and strategy;
2. A crime and a holy duty;
3. justified reaction to oppression; and
4. An inexcusable abomination.
THE ANTI-TERRORISM LAW
• RA 9372 is often referred to as the “Anti-
Terror Law” or “Anti-Terrorism Law“. In
the text of the law, however, this is
properly known as the “Human
Security Act of 2007.” It takes effect on
15 July 2007.
MAJOR KNOWN TERRORIST GROUPS
IN THE WORLD
Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) – Militant

Palestinian group split from the PLO in 1974.
Has carried out terrorist acts in twenty countries
– including the US, UK and Israel – claiming
900 lives;
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) – Islamic group

fighting for an Islamic state on the island of
Mindanao in the Philippines;
IN THE WORLD
Algerian Tahir bin Ammar al-yusifi – Group responsible

for plotting to blow up a terminal at JFK Airport in New
York City, as well as other targets, during the winter of
2003;
Armed Islamic Group (AIG) – Islamic extremist group

fighting to replace the current regime in Algeria with an
Islamic state;
Aum Shinrikyo AUM) – Japanese religious sect. Carried

out sarin gas attacks in the city of Matsumoto, Japan in
1994;
IN THE WORLD
Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) – Basque group

fighting Spain for an independent Basque state;
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine

– Hawatmeh Faction (DFLP)- Marxist-Leninist
group supporting the birth of a Palestinian state
through revolt of the masses;
IN THE WORLD
 HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) – Outgrowth of

the Muslim Brotherhood. Terrorist group believes in
establishing a Palestinian state through violent means.
Known for its suicide bombers;
 Harakat ul-Ansar (HUA) – Islamic group based in

Pakistan and operating in Kashmir against Indian troops;
 Hezbollah (Party of God) – Group of Lebanese Shi’ite

Muslims fighting Israel since the 1982 Lebanon War;
IN THE WORLD
 Gama’a Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) – Militant Islamic group

seeking Islamic rule in Egypt by force. Leader of this group
arrested for 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
 Islamic Jihad – Group headed by Ayman Zawaheri, who used to

reside in Khartoum, but was pressured to leave in 1996. He
moved to Afghanistan, where he was linked to Osama Bin Laden;
 Japanese Red Army (JRA) – International terrorist group

dedicated to the overthrow of the Japanese government and
world revolution. The leader lives in Lebanon and supports
militant Islamic causes;
IN THE WORLD
 Japanese Red Army (JRA) – International terrorist group dedicated

to the overthrow of the Japanese government and world revolution.
The leader lives in Lebanon and supports militant Islamic causes;
 Jemaah Islamiyah – An extremist Islamic group that is

believed to be linked to Al Qaeda, responsible for the
bombing of a nightclub in Bali in 2002 that killed 192
people;
 Al-Jihad-Militan – Islamic group operating in Egypt against the

Egyptian government, as well as Christian, Israeli, and western
targets on Egyptian soil;
IN THE WORLD
 Kach – Radical Israel group seeks overthrow of Israeli government

and restoration of the biblical state of Israel;
 Kahane Chai – Offshoot of Kach;
 Khmer Rogue –Radical Cambodian political group. Their attempt to

purify the “Khmer race” resulted in millions dead;
 Kurdistan Workers\’s Party (PKK) – Communist group of Turkish

Kurds seeking an independent Kurd state in southeastern Turkey;
 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) – Revolutionaries in Sri

Lanka;
IN THE WORLD
Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front Dissidents

(FPMR/D) – Armed wing of the Chilean Communist
Party has attacked U.S. businesses in Chile, mostly
fast food/restaurants;
Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK, MKO) –

Radical Iranian Revoltionaries based in Iraq;
National Liberation Army (ELN) – Marxist Guerilla

group operating out of Columbia. They kidnap foreign
businessmen for ransom;
IN THE WORLD
 National Liberation Army (ELN) – Marxist Guerilla group

operating out of Columbia. They kidnap foreign businessmen
for ransom;
 Palestinian Islamic Jihad – Shaqaqi Faction (PIJ) – Militant

Palestinians originally based in the Gaza Strip, now
operating
throughout the Middle East;
 Palestinian Liberation Front – Abu Abbas Faction (PLF) –

Conducts attacks against Israel. Attacked cruise ship Achille
Lauro in 1985, murdering U.S. citizen Leon Klinghoffer;
IN THE WORLD
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

PFLP) – Group based in Syria, Lebanon, and
Israel. They attack Israeli and moderate Arab
targets;
People Front for the Liberation of Palestine –

General Command (PFLP-GC) – Based in Syria,
and active since 1968. Believes in the violent
destruction of Israel;
IN THE WORLD
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)

– Military wing of the Colombian Communist
Party, which has since 1964 committed terrorist
acts against Colombian targets;
Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17

November) – Based in Greece, named after the
1973 uprising in Athens. Supports radical causes
in Greece through assassinations and bombings;
IN THE WORLD
Revolutionary People’s Liberation
Party/Front (DHKP/C) – Offshoot of the Turkish
People’s Liberation Party/Front. This radical anti-
United States group attacks Turkish military targets
(as well as U.S. targets during the Gulf War);
Revolutionary People’s Struggle (ELA) – Greek

leftist group. Bombs Greek government and economic
targets;
IN THE WORLD
 Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, SL) – Maoist group in

Peru. Conducts bombings and assassinations. Has claimed
30,000 lives in Peru;
 Tablim Ja’maat – Based in Zimbabwe, this group is suspected

of being a “conduit of communication” between Al Qaeda and
Iraq;
 Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) – Radical

Peruvian group seeking to rid Peru of imperialism through
kidnapping, assassinations, and commando-style military
operations
IN THE WORLD
• Note: These organizations change their names

and shapes, and members move between groups
and organizations. Lots of these groups, have
same goals, and they affiliate with each other
when it suits them.
Activity # 6
• DIRECTIONS: Answer the following briefly (100pts
each)
1. WATCH THE LINK : https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=PnM6JMvokE0
Q1. What is your realization, abouth Filipino against

Filipino type of war?
Chapter 5: INTERPOL
• Definition
• Vision
• Misson
• Working Priciples
• Core Functions of Interpol
• Member countries of Interpol
• What crimes does Interpol Investigate
INTERPOL
INTERPOL
 INTERPOL is the International Criminal Police Organization,
created in 1923 as the International Criminal Police to further
cross-border cooperation when it came to solving crimes.
 INTERPOL aims to get investigations over jurisdictional hurdles

even when countries do not have diplomatic relations with one
another.
 INTERPOL is completely apolitical and is headquartered in

Lyons, France.
 The money for operations comes from the member states.

VISION OF INTERPOL
“CONNECTING POLICE FOR A SAFER

WORLD”
- Our vision is that of a world where each and

every law enforcement professional will be able
through INTERPOL to securley communicate,
share and access information.
MISSION OF INTERPOL
“PREVENTING AND FIGHTING CRIME

THROUGH ENCHANCED COOPERATION
AND INNOVATION ON POLICE AND
SECURITY MATTERS”
- Our mission is to facilitate the widest possibel

mutual assistance between all criminal law
enforcement authorities.
WORKING PRINCIPLES OF INTERPOL
• The INTERPOL is comprised of the following
bodies:
A. General Assembly
B. Executive Committee
C. General Scretariat
D. National Central Bureaus
E. Advisers
A. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
• It is the INTERPOL’s supreme governing body,
it meets annually and comprises delegates
appointed by each member country.
• These assembly takes all importan decesions

related to policy, resources, working methods,
finances, activties and programs.
B. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
• The 13-member committee is elected by teh
Genral Assembly, and comprises the president,
three vice presidents and nine delegates.
• The presidents is elected of r 4 years and vice

presidents for 3 years.
C. THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT
• The general secretariat, based in Lyon, France, is the
permanent administrative headquaters.
• It coordinates the international activities of the members

countries, holds a library of international criminal
records, and organizes regular meetings at which
delegates can exchange information on police work
• The general secretariat operats 24 hours a day, 365 days

in a year and is run by the secretary general.
D. THE NATIONAL CENTRA BUREAUS
• The NBC is the designated contact point of the
general secretariat, reggional offices and other
member countries requiring assitance with
overseas invesigations and the location of
apprehension of fugitives.
• Each INTERPOL member country maintains

NBC staffed by the national law enforecement
agencies.
E. THE ADVISERS
• These are experts in apurely advisory capacity,
whi may be appointed by the Executive
Committess and confirmed by the General
Assembly.
4 CORE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERPOL
Secure global police communication services;
 Provide data services and databases (including DNA,

fingerprints, and other information on criminals) for police;
 Provide members with a 24/7 Command and Control Center

that can dispatch an Incident Response Team in case of a
serious crime or disaster; and
Provide police training to member countries.

A. SECURE GLOBAL POLICE
COMMUNICATION SERVICES
What is the I- 24/7?
 The I-24/7 system was created in Jnauary 2003

and is an enhanced communication service and
an innovative user friendly tool for the
internatinal law enforcement.
 It provides a creative, modern, and
sophisticated way to make international law
enforcement efforts more effective and easier to
perform.
B. OPERATIONAL DATA SERVICES AND
DATABASES FOR POLICE
 INTERPOL’s Databases include:
1. SLTD (ASF Stolen/Lost Travel Documents) Database

2. AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification)
3. DNA
4.Stolen Vehicle Database
5. IWets
6. Integrated Solution to Access INTERPOL’s Databes
7. IMLASS (Interpol Money Laudering Automate Search
Services
8. Boarder and Ports Security Center
1. SLTD (ASF Stolen/Lost Travel

Documents) Database
- This databes has subsequently proven to be a

effective tool for intercepting such individuals
when attempting to cross borders.
- This database helps field officers with
innumerable cases of individuals using fradualent
travel documents.
2. AFIS (Automated Fingerprint

Identification)
- INTERPOL used the AFIS to promote the use of

standards
3. DNA
- The objective of teh INTERPOL DNA is

ultimately provide strategic and technical support
to enhance the member’s DNA profiling capacity
and promote its widespread use of internatinal law
enforcement enviroment.
4. STOLEN VEHICLE DATABASE
- The INTERPOL General Secretariat developed

the (ASF- SMV) Automated Search Facility Stolen
Motor Vehicle database to support police in
member countries to fight against international
vechicle theft and trafficking.
5. IWeTS
- It is a toll which will provide Member States with

capabilities to trace illicit firearms that are seized
through law enforcement investigations and
activities in their countries.
6. INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS TO ACCESS

INTERPOL’S DATABASES - FIND/MIND
- A new Integrated Solutions to allow for instant

access for example to its database on stolen and
lost travel documents.
7. IMLASS INTERPOL MONEY

LAUNDERING AUTOMATED SEARCH
SERVICE
- This will assist anti- money laundering and

terrorism financing investigators and analyst
thoughout the world.
8. BORDER AND PORTS SECURITY

CENTER
- The goal of the Center will be to increase security

at borders and all points of entry by supporting the
country members in monitoring, prevention, and
investigation of fraudelent and illegal activities in
the area.
C. OPERATIONAL POLICE SUPPORT
SERVICES
1. INTERPOL’S COMMAND AND

COORDINATION CENTER (CCC)
- This operates aroud clock 24 hours a day 7 days a

week, in each INTERPOL’s four major languages
(English, French,Spanish and Arabic)
- This center messages exchanged between
countries and ensures the availability of any
information.
SERVICES
2. INTERPOL’S INCIDENT RESPONSE

TEAM
- In the aftermath of terrorist act or other critical

incident, affected member country/es often
requested INTEPOL’s suppot in the form of
Incident Response Team
SERVICES
3. INTERPOL NETWORK OF EXPERTS
- The objective of this strategy, once completed

will be enable, at the request of a member country
the deployment of team of the said country, they
are linked to on Command and Coordination
Center.
SERVICES
4. INTERPOL VULNERABLE TARGETS

REFFERAL CENTRE
- The main objective of the center is to identify

responsible units and relevants experts in the
countries where vulnerable targets protection
strategies have already been developed and have
contact information availle.
SERVICES
5. INTERPOL MAJOR EVENT SUPPORT

TEAM
- This includes making available relevant

INTERPOL services, such as I-24/7.
- INTERPOL databases and threat assessment in
support of the organizing country.
SERVICES
6. INTERPOL NOTICE SYSTEM
- An INTERPOL notice or international notice is

issued by INTERPOL to share information
between its members.
SERVICES
SERVICES
7. THE FUSION TASK FORCE
- The primary objective is to identify members of criminal

groups involved in international terrosist activity through the
establishment of a network of law enforcement contact
officers.
SERVICES
8. CRIMINAL ANALYSIS UNIT
- It contribtutes to investigations by assisting officers

working at the General Secratariat and in the members
countries by conducting research and analysis of crime
trends.
SERVICES
9. TRAINING AND DEVELOPENT
- It play s a key role in INTERPOL overall mission to

promote international police cooperation.
MEMBER-COUNTRIES OF THE INTERPOL
• The INTERPOL is the world’s largest international police

organization with 188 members countries. It exists to
help create a safer world by supporting law enforcement
agencies world-wide to combat crime.
• The following countries are not members: Samoa, Palau,

Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Federated States of
Micronesia, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and North Korea.
• The following regions are sub-bureaus: Bermuda,

Gibraltar, Cayman Islands, Anguilla, Montserrat, British
Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos, Puerto Rico, American
Samoa, Hong Kong and Macao.
WHAT CRIMES DOES INTERPOL
INVESTIGATE?
• Drug trafficking, organized crime, financial and high-

tech crimes including counterfeiting and money
laundering, public safety and terrorism, human
trafficking, corruption, environmental crimes and crimes
against humanity.
• In addition, INTERPOL's Fugitive Investigation Service

keeps an eye out for suspects globally with its Red Notice
alerts that notify member states when one nation has
issued an arrest warrant for a suspect.
BILATERAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN
ADDRESSING TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
MEETINGS OF COOPERATION
 UN Convention against transnational crime
 INTERPOL Meetings
 ASEANAPOL Meetings
 ASEAN Plus Three (China, Japan and South Korea) Cooperation
 ASEAN –Australia Cooperation
 ASEAN- New Zealand Cooperation
 Asia-Europe Cooperation (ASEM) 2002
 Australia-Republic of Korea Cooperation 2009
 Mexico- US Cooperation
SUBJECTS OF COOPERATION
 Sharing of Intelligence Information
 Use of database system for criminal records
 Sharing of expertise and equipment
 Investigation and prosecution of cases
 Legal assistance
 Assistance for extradition process
 Exchanges of personnel
 Training of personnel
UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS
• The United Nations Organization (UNO) or

simply the United Nations (UN) is an
international organization whose stated
aims are facilitating cooperation in international
law, international security, economic
development, social progress, human rights, and
achievement of world peace.
UNITED NATIONS
• The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II

to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars
between countries, and to provide a platform for
dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary
organizations to carry out its missions.
UNITED NATIONS
• There are currently 192 member states,

including nearly every sovereign state in the
world.
• From its offices around the world, the UN and its

specialized agencies decide on substantive and
administrative issues in regular meetings held
throughout the year.
UN PRINCIPAL ORGANS
 The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly);
 The Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and
security);
 The Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting
international economic and social cooperation and development);
 The Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities
needed by the UN);
 The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and
 The United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive).
 Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health
Organization (WHO), the World Food Program (WFP) and United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
UNITED NATIONS
• The UN's most visible public figure is the

Secretary-General, currently Ban Ki-moon of
South Korea, who attained the post in 2007.
• The organization is financed from assessed and

voluntary contributions from its member states,
and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese,
English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
UN CONVENTION
AGAINST
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
WHAT IS THE UN CONVENTION AGAINST
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME?
• The Convention against Transnational

Organized Crime is a UN convention
against transnational organized crime, adopted
in December 2000.
• It is also called the Palermo Convention

attended by Heads of States in Palermo, Italy.
PURPOSE OF THE UN CONVENTION
• Promotion of cooperation to prevent and combat

transnational organized crime more effectively.
• Constitute an effective tool and legal framework for

international cooperation in combating such criminal
activities as Money Laundering, Corruption, Illicit
trafficking in endangered species of wild flora and fauna,
offenses against cultural heritage, and the growing links
between transnational organized crime and terrorist
crimes.
THE PALERMO PROTOCOLS
• Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish

Trafficking in Persons especially women and
children;
• Protocol against the smuggling of migrants by

land, sea or air;
EXTRADITION
• A process by which one state, at the request of another,

returns a person for trial for a crime punishable by the
laws of the requesting state and committed outside the
state of refuge.
• The surrendering by one state to another or by one

nation to another of an individual accused of a crime in
the state or nation demanding the surrender of the
accused.
• Extradition is regulated within countries by extradition

acts and between countries by treaties.
GENEVA CONVENTION
 The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties and three
additional protocols that set the standards in international law for
humanitarian treatment of the victims of war.
 The singular term Geneva Convention refers to the agreements of

1949, negotiated in the aftermath of World War II, updating the
terms of the first three treaties and adding a fourth treaty.
 The language is extensive, with articles defining the basic rights of

those captured during a military conflict, establishing protections
for the wounded, and addressing protections for civilians in and
around a war zone. The treaties of 1949 have been ratified, in whole
or with reservations, by 194 countries.
HAGUE CONVENTION
• The Hague Conventions (1899 & 1907) were

among the first formal statements of the laws of
war and war crimes in the nascent body of
secular international law.
ASEANAPOL
ASEANAPOL
An association of 10-member ASEAN countries Chiefs of
Police established in 1981.
The premier regional platform for all the ASEAN Police

Chiefs and respective delegates to interact as well as to
discuss, exchange views and update each other on the latest
development in law enforcement and transnational issues
in their respective countries.
A regional alliance that is determined to secure not only

our own individual sovereignties but also the peace and
progress of our community.
MEMBER COUNTRIES OF ASEANAPOL
Brunei Darussalam
Kingdom of Cambodia
Republic of Indonesia
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Malaysia
Union of Myanmar
Republic of the Philippines
Republic of Singapore
Kingdom of Thailand
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
OBJECTIVES OF ASEANAPOL
• Enhancing police professionalism;
• Forging stronger regional cooperation in police

work; and
• Promoting lasting friendship amongst the police

officers of ASEAN countries.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASEANAPOL TO REGIONAL
PEACE AND SECURITY
• It facilitates the exchange of criminal information among

the ASEAN members through its own database system.
• The system aims to provide an effective means for the

collection, coordination, exchange and dissemination of
operational intelligence and information.
• An enhanced version was launched which enables the

uploading of e-ADS data onto the Interpol system.
EUROPOL
• Europol is the European Law Enforcement

Agency which aims at improving the
effectiveness and co–operation of the competent
authorities in the Member States in preventing
and combating terrorism, unlawful drug
trafficking and other serious forms of organised
crime.
SELECTION AND DEPLOYMENT/DETAIL
OF PNP PERSONNEL TO
UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER
INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS
POLICY
• The deployment/detail to the UN and other

International Peacekeeping Missions /Organizations is
not a matter of right but only a privilege bestowed upon
qualified PNP personnel.
• Only vacancies officially referred by the UN and other

International Organizations shall be processed by the
PNP. Individual PNP personnel are prohibited from
applying directly to any foreign agencies or organizations
that published such vacancies.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Detail – refers to the movement of an employee from one

department of agency to another which is temporary in
nature, which does not involve a reduction in rank,
status or salary and does not require the issuance of
another appointment.
• Secondment – refers to the movement of an employee

from one department or agency to another which is
temporary in nature and which may or may not require
issuance of an appointment but may either involve
reduction or increase in compensation.
Qualifications for Deployment to UN
Peacekeeping Missions
1. Applicant must be an UNSAS eligible;

 (UNSAS eligible refers to PNP personnel who passed the UNSAT
Examination in the Philippines entitling such member eligibility for
deployment within a period of eighteen (18) months commencing
from the last day of the test as certified by the members of the
UNSAT who administered the same.)
 ( UNSAT Examination – refers to the examination administered by

the UN Selection Assistance Team to determine competencies of
candidates on English communication, vehicle driving and firearms
proficiency.
QUALIFICATIONS
2. Upon filing of application, if the applicant is a

PCO, he/she must have a rank of at least PSI and
if PNCO, he/she must have a rank of at least
PO3;
3. Applicant must have attained at least five (5)

years of active police service as of the first day of
UNSAT examination.
QUALIFICATIONS
4. Applicant must be appointed in permanent

status in his/her present rank.
5. Applicant must neither be less than twenty-five

(25) years old nor more than fifty-three (53)
years old upon actual deployment;
QUALIFICATIONS
6. Applicant must have at least one (1) year of recent

driving experience and must be in possession of a valid
Non-Professional or Professional national or
international driving license for at least one (1) year as of
the first day of the UNSAT examination;
7. Applicant must be recommended by his/her unit

commander;
QUALIFICATIONS
8. Applicant must have Performance Evaluation Rating of at least Very
Satisfactory (VS) for two (2) consecutive rating periods immediately
preceding the UNSAT examination;
9. Applicant must not have been ever convicted of criminal or

administrative offense; has no pending case either
administrative/criminal in any body/tribunal/court; a witness to
any criminal or administrative case, especially those covered by RA
9165; or a summary hearing officer with unresolved cases;
QUALIFICATIONS
10. Applicant must not have been repatriated from any

previous UN Mission for disciplinary reasons;
11. Applicant must have knowledge on basic computer

operations (e.g. Word excel, Powerpoint, e-mail and
internet)
QUALIFICATIONS
12. Applicant must have passed the latest Physical Fitness

test (PFT) conducted by DHRDD as well as medical,
dental and neuro-psychiatric examinations; and
13. Applicant must be first cleared by Directorate for

Logistics of any firearm accountability prior to his/her
mission.
PRIORITY FOR DEPLOYMENT
• 1st Priority – UNSAS eligible without previous UN Mission

deployment. Ranking shall be based on the result of the UNSAT
examination.
• 2nd Priority – UNSAS eligible but with previous UN Mission

deployment.
(The police rank, length of service and educational attainment shall

be the criteria to be considered in breaking equal rating. Those with
fewer missions shall have priority over those with more missions.)
I am
ZEALOUS
to
SERVE you
because I
LOVE you
Activity # 7
• DIRECTIONS: Answer the following briefly (50pts each)
1. What is the significance of INTERPOL in the Philippine

National Police?
2. What is advantage and disadvantages of INTERPOL in
its member policing system?
FINAL LECTURE
SELECTED POLICE MODELS
POLICE MODELS
Japan
Singapore
America
Australia
Other ASEAN and EUROPEAN Countries
JAPAN NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
JAPAN NPA
Known as Keisatsu-chō and
It was formed in 1954 as a civilian law enforcement agency.
It is an agency administered by the National Public Safety

Commission, a Cabinet Office in Japan.
It acts as the central coordinating agency of the Japanese

police system.
NPA
As the central coordinating body for the entire

police system, the National Police Agency
determines general standards and policies; detailed
direction of operations is left to the lower echelons.
In a national emergency or large-scale disaster, the

agency is authorized to take command of prefectural
police forces.
NPA
In 1989 the agency was composed of about 1,100

national civil servants, empowered to collect
information and to formulate and execute
national policies.
The agency is headed by a commissioner general

who is appointed by the National Public Safety
Commission with the approval of the prime
minister.
NPA
• The Central Office includes the Secretariat, with

divisions for general operations, planning,
information, finance, management, and
procurement and distribution of police
equipment, and five bureaus
National Public Safety Commission
Its mission is to guarantee the neutrality of the
police by insulating the force from political
pressure and to ensure the maintenance of
democratic methods in police administration.
Its primary function is to supervise the National

Police Agency, and it has the authority to
appoint or dismiss senior police officers.
National Public Safety Commission
The commission consists of a chairman, who

holds the rank of minister of state, and five
members appointed by the prime minister with
the consent of both houses of the Diet.
The commission operates independently of the

cabinet, but liaison and coordination with it are
facilitated by the chairman's being a member of
that body.
ORGANIZATION - NPA
• Under its supervision are:
Five (5) National Bureaus

Seven (7) Regional Bureaus
Three (3) Child Agencies
Forty-Seven (47) Prefectural Police
Departments with the Tokyo
Metropolitan Police Department
FIVE (5) NPA BUREAUS
• Police Administration Bureau

• Criminal Investigation Bureau
• Traffic Bureau
• Security Bureau
• Regional Public Safety Bureaus
POLICE ADMINISTRATION BUREAU
• The PAB is concerned with police personnel,

education, welfare, training, and unit
inspections.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION BUREAU
• The CIB is in charge of research statistics and

the investigation of nationally important and
international cases.
• Its Safety Department is responsible for crime

prevention, combating juvenile delinquency, and
pollution control.
TRAFFIC BUREAU
• The Traffic Bureau licenses drivers, enforces traffic

safety laws, and regulates traffic.
• Intensive traffic safety and driver education campaigns

are run at both national and prefectural levels.
• The bureau's Expressway Division addresses special

conditions of the nation's growing system of express
highways.
SECURITY BUREAU
• The SB formulates and supervises the execution of
security policies.
• It conducts research on equipment and tactics for
suppressing riots, and oversees and coordinates activities
of the riot police.
• It is also responsible for security intelligence on
foreigners and radical political groups, including
investigation of violations of the Alien Registration Law
and administration of the Entry and Exit Control Law.
• It likewise implements security policies during national
emergencies and natural disasters.
REGIONAL PUBLIC SAFETY BUREAU
• Headed by a Director General, each RPB exercises necessary
control and supervision over and provides support services to
prefectural police within its jurisdiction, under the authority
and orders of NPA's Commissioner General.
Attached to each Regional Police Bureaus is a Regional Police

School which provides police personnel with education and
training required of staff officers as well as other necessary
education and training.
The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and Hokkaido

Prefectural Police Headquarters are not under any RPBs.
REGIONAL PUBLIC SAFETY BUREAU
 Headed by a Director General, each RPB exercises necessary
control and supervision over and provides support services to
prefectural police within its jurisdiction, under the authority and
orders of NPA's Commissioner General.
 Attached to each Regional Police Bureaus is a Regional Police

School which provides police personnel with education and
training required of staff officers as well as other necessary
education and training.
 The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and Hokkaido

Prefectural Police Headquarters are not under any RPBs.
REGIONAL BUREAUS
▫ Tohoku Regional Police Bureau
▫ Kanto Regional Police Bureau
▫ Chubu Regional Police Bureau
▫ Kinki Regional Police Bureau
▫ Chugoku Regional Police Bureau
▫ Shikoku Regional Police Bureau
▫ Kyushu Regional Police Bureau
PREFECTURAL POLICE DEPARTMENTS
• Japan’s police are organized on a prefectural

basis. Prefectural police are placed in each
Prefecture to perform various police activities
under the supervision of the Prefectural Public
Safety Commission
• Under the National Public Safety Commission,

the National Police Agency (NPA) is set up to
supervise these Prefectural Police or adjust their
activities from the national standpoint.
CHILD AGENCIES
• National Police Academy
• National Research Institute of Police Science
• Imperial Guard Headquarters

THE IMPERIAL GUARD
In 1947 , it was under the control of the Home

Ministry.
It came under the aegis of the NPA of Japan in 1957.
The Imperial Guard provide personal security for
the Emperor, Crown Prince and other members of
the Imperial Family of Japan.
It also provides physical security of imperial
properties, including the Imperial Palaces, Villas,
and Repository.

THE IMPERIAL GUARD
• It also maintains a 14 horse mounted police unit
for use by guards of honor at state ceremonies.
The modern Imperial Guards wear a dark blue
or a blue-grey police uniform when on duty.
They also wear white pistol belts, lanyards,
helmets, boot laces or leggings and white gloves.
In addition to their security duties, the Imperial
Guard is also responsible for fire-fighting within
the grounds of the Palace, and maintains fire
engines and trained staff of this purpose.
PERSONNEL (NPA)
• The personnel working for the NPA and the

Prefectural Police consist of police officers,
Imperial Guards officers, clerical employees,
technical employees and others.
• They cooperate with each other in performing
their duties.
RANK STRUCTURE (9)
Superintendent General
Superintendent Supervisor
Chief superintendent
Senior superintendent
Superintendent
Police inspector
Assistant police inspector
Police sergeant
Police officer
NPA COMMISSIONER GENERAL
• The NPA Commissioner General holds the

highest position in the Japanese police. His title
is not a rank but rather denotes his position as
head of the NPA. On the other hand, the MPD
Superintendent General represents not only the
highest rank in the system but also assignment
as head of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police
Department.
SPECIAL POLICING PROGRAM
• KOBAN are substations near commercial areas and in

residential districts. It serves as the first line of police
response to the public.
• The Koban system is composed of about 6000 police

boxes (Koban) and about 7000 residential police boxes
(Chuzaisho).
• Koban is staffed by relatively small number of police

officers (3-5 officers in usual), and also Chuzaisho is
usually staffed by a single officer.
KOBAN
• About 20 percent of the total police force is assigned to

koban. Staffed by officers working in eight-hour shifts,
they serve as a base for foot patrols and usually have
both sleeping and eating facilities for officers on duty but
not on watch.
• In rural areas, residential offices usually are staffed by

one police officer who resides in adjacent family
quarters. These officers endeavour to become a part of
the community, and their families often aid in
performing official tasks.
TOKYO POLICE DEPARTMENT
• The largest urban Police Force in the world.

SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE
SPF
• Singapore Police Force is the main agency tasked in
maintaining law and orders in the city-state, formerly known
as the Republic of Singapore Police (RSP).
• Under the Ministry of Home Affairs
• The organisation structure of the SPF is split between the staff

and line functions, roughly modelled after the military. There
are currently 15 staff departments and 13 line units.
• It has grown from an 11-man organization to a 38,587 strong

force.
POLICE HEADQUARTERS
• Headed by a Commissioner of Police with the

rank of Commissioner of Police.
• Assisted by a Deputy Commissioner of Police

with the rank of Deputy Commissioner of Police,
Chief of Staff with the rank of Senior Assistant
Commissioner, and Senior Director with the
rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner.
STAFF DEPARTMENTS
Administration and Finance Department
Commercial Affairs Department
Criminal Investigation Department
Manpower Department
Operations Department
Planning and Organization Department
Police Custodial Department
Police Intelligence Department
Police Logistics Department
STAFF DEPARTMENTS
Administration and Finance Department
• Police National Service Department
Police Technology Department
Public Affairs Department
Security Industry Regulatory Department
Service Development and Inspectorate Department
Volunteer Special Constabulary
Traffic Police Department
Training Command
LINE UNITS
Ang Mo Kio Police Division
Bedok Police Division
Central Police Division
Clementi Police Division
Jurong Police Division
Tanglin Police Division
Airport Division
Gurkha Contingent
Police Coast Guard
Public Transport Security Command
Security Command
Special Operations Command
MANPOWER
Regulars
Police National Servicemen
Volunteers
Civilian Staff
Staff Welfare
THE REGULARS
• They are the uniformed, full-time officers who

constitute about 20% of the police's total
workforce and number approximately 8,000 in
strength
POLICE NATIONAL SERVICEMEN
• The reservists who are augmented to the

Singapore Police Force in 1975, and given the
primary function of guarding key installation
and to act as a reserve unit.
THE VOLUNTEERS
Formed in 1946, The Volunteer Special Constabulary

(VSC) is an important component of the Singapore
Police Force, contributing more than fifty years of
volunteer service to the nation.
The VSC comprises of volunteers from all walks of life in

Singapore, from businessmen to blue-collar executives to
even bus captains, bonded with the same aspiration to
serve the nation by complementing the Singapore Police
Force.
THE VOLUNTEERS
They are vested with equal powers of a police

officer to enforce law and order in Singapore.
VSC Officers don the same police uniform and
patrol the streets, participate in anti-drug
operations and sometimes even high-speed sea
chases.
CIVILIAN STAFF
• Civilian staff in the Police Force are deployed in

areas such as technology, logistics, human
resource and administrative and finance services
as well as planning and intelligence.
STAFF WELFARE
Aquatic Club
Home United Basketball Club (HUBC)
 Home United Football Club (HUFC)
JOM - Clubhouse for Police Officers
Polwel Co-operative Society Limited
Police Computer Club
Police Sports Association (PSA)
Police Welfare Division
Senior Police Officers' Mess (SPOM)
Singapore Police Co-operative Society Limited
SENIOR OFFICER RANKS
• Commissioner of Police
Deputy Commissioner of Police
Senior Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Deputy Assistant Commissioner
Superintendent
Deputy Superintendent
Assistant Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Inspector
POLICE OFFICER RANKS
Senior Station Inspector 2
Senior Station Inspector
Station Inspector
Senior Staff sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Special Constable
Constable
• Neighborhood Police Center (NPC) System

AMERICAN POLICE MODEL
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• Law enforcement and policing in America is a complex

industry consisting of different organizations , both
private and public at all levels of government;
• It is a fragmented police system;
• Generally, policing is largely a local responsibility;
• Aside from the local police forces, it has also Federal

and State Police Agencies;
LOCAL POLICE
• General-Purpose Police are organized at all
levels of municipal government;
• It includes Sheriff, County and Metropolitan

Police;
• The largest local police agency is the New York

City Police Department;
FEDERAL POLICE
 The Federal Law Enforcement Agencies were organized to enforce
federal laws and regulations, and protect federal property and
institutions;
 With few exceptions, Federal agencies do not provide general patrol

and order-maintenance functions;
 These agencies provide general support to State and Local police
 Most Federal officials are not uniformed;
 Federal agents are limited to enforcing federal laws;
 There are more than 32 separate federal agencies responsible for

performing law enforcement tasks.
FEDERAL POLICE UNDER THE DOJ
• U.S. Marshals
• Immigration and Naturalization Service
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Drug Enforcement Administration
FBI
• Front line force protecting the public against
crime and maintaining national security against
spies, saboteurs and terrorists.
• In-charge of enforcing the more than 200
federal laws
• It is not a national police force, but rather an
investigative body
FEDERAL POLICE UNDER THE DEPARTMENT
OF TREASURY
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms;

• Customs Service;
• Internal Revenue Service;
• U.S. Secret Service
US SECRET SERVICE
• The US Secret Service is the organization in-

charge of protecting the US President and his
family (including past presidents). It works
under the structure of the Department of the
Treasury. It is also incharge of the detection and
prevention of counterfeiting.
STATE POLICE
There are 49 State Police Agencies in the U.S.

(Hawaii has no such agency);
The State Police agencies were organized to

enforce State laws and protect its property and
institution;
STATE POLICE
Most States have a Highway Patrol which is
responsible for traffic enforcement and criminal law
enforcement along major State highways, and a
Bureau of Investigation/Identification that performs
criminal investigation functions;
Another one is the Park police or Ranger units which

provide security to parks, buildings and facilities;
The State Police also assist local police agencies upon

request.
NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
The NYPD was the first police agency in the US,

established in 1845.
It is currently the largest municipal police force in the

US.
Its primary responsibilities are law enforcement and

investigation within the five boroughs of New York City.
It has its headquarters in Lower Manhattan, New York

City.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 The Department is divided into ten bureaus, six of which are
enforcement bureaus.
 Each enforcement bureau is sub-divided into sections,

divisions, and units, and into patrol boroughs, precincts, and
detective squads.
 Each Bureau is commanded by a Bureau Chief (such as the

Chief of Patrol, the Chief of Housing, Chief of Internal Affairs).
 There are also a number of specialized units (such as the

Operations Unit and Compstat) that are not part of any of the
Bureaus and report to the Chief of the Department.
NYPD
The Department is administered and governed
by the Police Commissioner, who is appointed
by the Mayor.
Technically, the commissioner serves a five-year

term but in practical matter, he serves at the
Mayor's pleasure.
The commissioner in turn appoints numerous

deputy commissioners.
NYPD
The commissioner and his subordinate deputies are

civilians under an oath of office and are not uniformed
members of the force who are sworn officers of the law.
However, a police commissioner who comes up from the

uniformed ranks retains that status while serving as
police commissioner.
RANKS IN NYPD
Chief of Department
Bureau Chief
Assistant Chief
Deputy Chief
Inspector
Deputy Inspector
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Detective-Investigator
Detective-Specialist
Police Officer
UNIFORM
• White Shirt for the Chief of the department

down to the rank of Lieutenant; and
• Dark Blue Shirt for the rank of Sergeant down to

Police Officer
SPECIAL POLICING SYSTEM
• CompStat is a multi-layered dynamic approach

to crime reduction, quality of life improvement,
and personnel and resource management.
• CompStat employs Geographic Information

Systems and was intended to map crime and
identify problems.
COMPSTAT
 In weekly meetings, ranking NYPD executives meet with local
precinct commanders from one of the eight patrol boroughs in
New York City to discuss the problems. They devise strategies
and tactics to solve problems, reduce crime, and ultimately
improve quality of life in their assigned area.
 The system is also in use in other major cities including

Washington DC, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Austin, San
Francisco, and Baltimore, Maryland.
 Baltimore's system is called Citistat. In Canada, the CompStat

system is currently in use by the Vancouver Police Department.
AUSTRALIAN POLICE MODEL
POLICING IN AUSTRALIA
• General policing in Australia is the primary

responsibility of two distinct but similar levels of
police force, namely:
The State Police Forces; and

The Australian Federal Police (AFP
STATE POLICE
• The State Police Forces are responsible for enforcing State
laws within their own States including cities within the
States.
The following are State Police Forces:
New South Wales Police

Northern Territory Police
Queensland Police
South Australia Police
Tasmania Police
Victoria Police
Western Australia Police
AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE
AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE
• The AFP are responsible for the investigation of crimes
against Commonwealth law which occurs throughout
the nation.
• Similar to the State police, it has also responsibility in

community (local) policing in Commonwealth
territories which include the Australian Capital
Territory, Jervis Bay Territory and Australia's external
territories (Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
• The AFP falls within the portfolio of the Home Affairs

Ministry.
AFP RANKS
Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Commander
Superintendent
Inspector
Station Sergeant
Senior Sergeant
Sergeant
Senior Constable
1st Constable
Constable
PARTNERSHIP
• The boundaries between the two levels of law

enforcement are somewhat flexible and both
state and federal police co-operate on or transfer
cases between each other depending on the
specific circumstances.
NEW SOUTH WALES POLICE FORCE
New South Wales Police Force
 The New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) is the primary

law enforcement agency in the State of New South Wales,
Australia.
 It is an agency under the New South Wales Ministry for Police.
 NSWPF is the first and the largest police force in Australia

having been organized in 1862 under the Police Regulation Act
(1862). Its personnel are the highest paid police force in the
country.
 Presently, the Commissioner of Police controls the police force.

NSWPF
• Divided into eighty Local Area Commands (LAC)

the NSW Police Force consists of over five (500)
hundred local police stations and covers an area
of 801,600 square kilometers whilst serving the
state's population of seven million people.
NSWPF RANKS
Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner
Senior Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Chief Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Inspector
Senior Sergeant
Incremental Sergeant
Sergeant
Leading Senior Constable
Incremental Senior Constable
Senior Constable
Constable
Probationary Constable
• Crime Stoppers programs run in each state and

nationally. Crime Stoppers collects information
about crime and passes it on to the police
ensuring that the community can participate in
crime fighting.
OTHER
ASEAN POLICE MODELS
ROYAL BRUNEI POLICE FORCE
ROYAL BRUNEI POLICE FORCE
• Known as (Polis Diraja Brunei (PDRB) in

Malay)
• Founded in 1921 with the passing of the Brunei
Police Force Enactment.
• The police force is in charge of prisons, fire
services and keeping law and order in the
streets.
• The RBP has been a member of INTERPOL since
1984.
ORGANIZATION
• The Royal Brunei Police Force is organized into seven
districts: the Brunei, Belait, Muara/Marine, Tutong,
Temburong, Jerudong, and Berakas Police Districts.
• These districts are managed by four directors:
Administration and Finance,
Operation,
Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Logistics.
• The entire police operation is supervised by the
Inspector General, Police Commissioner, and Deputy
Commissioner.
RANKS
 Inspector General of Police
 Deputy Inspector General of Police
 Commissioner
 Deputy Commissioner
 Senior Assistant Commissioner
 Assistant Commissioner
 Senior Superintendent
 Superintendent
 Deputy Superintendent
 Chief/Inspector/Assistant Superintendent
 Senior Inspector
 Inspector
 Probationary Inspector
 Cadet Inspector
 Sergeant major
 Staff Sergeant
 Corporal
 Lance Corporal
CAMBODIAN NATIONAL POLICE
ABOUT CAMBODIA
 Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy, i.e. the King reigns but does
not rule, in similar fashion to Queen Elizabeth II of the United
Kingdom.
 The King is officially the Head of State and is the symbol of unity
and "eternity" of the nation, as defined by Cambodia's constitution.
 Multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarch
 The Prime Minister heads the government.

Cambodian National Police
• Under the Ministry of Interior

ORGANIZATION
The General Commissariat of the National Police
Central Department of Border Police

Central Department of Public order
Central Department of Judicial Police
Central Department of Security
Central Department of Means
Municipal and Provincial Police Commissariat
Central Office of Public Order

Central Office of Judicial Police
Central Office of Security
Central Office of Means
INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE
POLRI
• Known as Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia

• Abbreviation: Polri
• Motto: "People's Main Servant"
• Agency overview
Government agency
National agency
• General nature
Law enforcement
Local civilian police
• Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
• Agency executive: Commissioner General Timur
ORGANIZATION
Polri has a centralized command and divided into territorial forces i.e.:
Provincial police
Regional police
City or Regency police
Sub-district police
There are also some special branches i.e.:
 Brigade Mobil or Brimob (mobile brigade) which have paramilitary
role to conduct security stabilization operations and providing security
protection for VIP or vital facilities;
Polisi Udara or Air Police;
Polisi Air or Marine Police;
Forensics; and
Detachment 88, specially trained for anti-terrorist operations.
RANK STRUCTURE
(DUTCH STYLE RANKS)
• High ranking officers

▫ Police General - equivalent General in the army
▫ Police Commissioner General - equivalent Lieutenant General
▫ Police Inspector General - equivalent Major General
▫ Police Brigadier General - equivalent Brigadier General
• Mid rank officers
▫ Police Grand Commissioner - equivalent Colonel
▫ Police Grand Commissioner Adjutant - equivalent Lieutenant
Colonel
▫ Police Commissioner - equivalent Major
RANK STRUCTURE
• Low rank officers

▫ Police Commissioner Adjutant - equivalent Captain
▫ First Police Inspector - equivalent First Lieutenant
▫ Second Police Inspector - equivalent Second Lieutenant
• Warrant officers
▫ First Police Inspector Adjutant - equivalent Chief Warrant Officer
▫ Second Police Inspector Adjutant - equivalent Warrant Officer
RANK STRUCTURE
• Non-commissioned officers
◦ Chief Police Brigadier - equivalent Sergeant Major
◦ Police Brigadier - equivalent Chief Sergeant
◦ First Police Brigadier - equivalent First Sergeant
◦ Second Police Brigadier - equivalent Second Sergeant
Enlisted
◦ Police Brigadier Adjutant - equivalent Chief Corporal
◦ First Police Brigadier Adjutant - equivalent First Corporal
◦ Second Police Brigadier Adjutant - equivalent Second Corporal
◦ Chief Bhayangkara - equivalent Chief Private
◦ First Bhayangkara - equivalent Private First Class
◦ Second Bhayangkara – equivalent to Private
LAOS
LAOS NATIONAL POLICE
• The Ministry of Public Security takes charge of

law enforcement in Laos.
• It includes local police, traffic police,

immigration police, security police (including
border police), and other armed police units.
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE
Known as the Royal Malaysian Police - Polis Di-

Raja Malaysia (RMP / PDRM )
Motto: (Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah) “Firm, Fair And
Prudent”
Formed: March 25, 1807
Jurisdictional structure: National agency
General nature : Law enforcement/Civilian police
Headquarters: Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
Sworn members 102,037
Agency Head: Inspector-General of Police
Parent agency: Ministry of Home Affairs
• It is a part of the security forces structure in Malaysia

• The force is a centralized organization with
responsibilities ranging from traffic control to
intelligence gathering
• In carrying out its responsibilities, the regular RMP is
also assisted by a support group comprising of Extra
Police Constables, Police Volunteer Reserves, Auxiliary
Police, Police Cadets and a civilian service element.
• Rakan Cop is a community outreach program launched
in 9 August 2005.
ORGANIZATION
• The RMP is divided into Two (2) Major Departments:
• Administrative
Management department
Logistics department
• Crime Prevention
Criminal Investigation Division
Narcotics criminal Investigation Division
Internal Security and Public Order Department
Special Branch
Commercial Crime Investigation Department
Counter-terrorism Special Operations team
• All departments are led by the directors with the rank of
Commissioner of Police (Army Equivalent rank of Three Stars
General or Lieutenant-General)
RANK STRUCTURE
SENIOR OFFICERS
Gazetted Officers
 Commissioners
Inspector-General of Police(IGP)
Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIGP)
Commissioner of Police (CP)
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police I (SAC I)
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police II (SAC II)
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)
 Superintendents
Superintendent of Police (SP)
Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)
Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)
SENIOR OFFICERS
Non-Gazetted Officers
• Inspectors
Chief Inspector (C/Insp)
Inspector (Insp)
Probationary Inspector (P/Insp)
RANK AND FILE OFFICERS
Sub-Inspector (SI)
Sergeant Major (SM)
Corporal (Cpl)
Lance Corporal (L/Cpl)
Constable (PC)
MYANMAR POLICE FORCE
MYANMAR POLICE
known as The People's Police Force (Burma)
 Established in 1964 as independent department under

the Ministry of Home Affairs
It was re-organized on 1 October 1995 and informally

become part of Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces)
Headed by a Director General with the rank of Brigadier

General
TPPF
• Its headquarters is at Yangon, Myanmar
• Its command structure is based on established

civil jurisdictions
• Each of Myanmar's seven states and seven

divisions has their own Police Forces with
headquarters in the respective capital cities.
ORGANIZATION
• State and Division Police Forces

• Special Departments
• Training Centers
• Reserved Units
• Combat Police Battalions
• Anti-narcotic Task Force
State and Division Police Forces
• There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces

and three additional State/Division Police
Forces commanded by Police Colonels.
• Their jurisdictions are divided according to the
Civil Administration.
• The States and Divisions, Additional States have
the same status.
Components of the State and Divisional
Police Forces
• Office of the Commander of the State and

Divisional Police Force
• Office of the Commander of the District Police
Force
• Office of the Commander of the Township Police
Force
• Police Stations
DISTRICT POLICE FORCES
• The District Police Forces are classified into two
types: A and B classes depending on the area,
population and development.
• Commanders of the A Class District Police
Forces are Police Lieutenant Colonels and B
Classes are Police Majors.
• Commanders of Township Police Forces are
Police Captains and Police Station Officers are
Police Lieutenants.
State and Divisional Police Forces of
Myanmar
 Karen State
 Kachin State
 Chin State
 Mon State
 Arakan State
 Shan State
 Yangon Division
 Sagaing Division
 Mandalay Division
 Magwe Division
 Pegu Division
 Tenasserim Division
 Irrawaddy Division
SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS
• There are four Special Departments, in which the first

two Departments are headed by the Police Brigadier
Generals and the rest two are by Police Colonels, to wit:
Special Intelligence Department

(Special Branch)
Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
Railways Police Department
City Development Police Department
TRAINING CENTERS
• There are three main Training Centers, one

Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police
Force and two Police Training Depots.
• The State and Divisional Police Forces have their

own training centers for refresher courses and
Junior Leader (NCO) Courses.
CENTRAL TRAINING INSTITUTE
 Situated in Maymyo, commanded by a Police Brigadier General and is
conducting the following courses:
 Deputy Superintendent Cadet Course (12 months in Central Institute of

Police Training, 6 months in Defense Service and 12 months of on -the-
job Training)
 Sub-Inspector Cadet Course (1 Year)
 Surveillance Officer Course (10 Weeks)
 Investigation Officer Course (10 Weeks)
 Police Station Officer Course (12 Weeks)
 Staff Officer Course (8 Weeks)
 Township Police Commander Course (12 Weeks)
 District Police Commander Course (12 Weeks)
RESERVE UNITS
• The following units were formed with personnel

formerly in the People's Militia Units:
Highway Patrol
Oil Field/Gas Pipeline Security
Tourist Police
COMBAT POLICE BATTALIONS (SWAT)
 There are sixteen Police Battalions to carry out general security duties under
the command of Battalion Control Command. The Battalion Commandants
are Police Lieutenant Colonels.
 Some of its major functions are: to address civil unrest and sabotage; security
of VIPs, diplomats and embassies.
 These specially-trained and combat capable battalions are formed with

personnel from former Riot Security Police, better known as "Lon Htein"
Units.
 Each battalion consists of 500+ personnel and these battalions are supported
by two support battalions, which include signal and medical units.
 These battalions structure are similar to that of Army's Light Infantry
Battalions.
ANTI-NARCOTIC TASK FORCES
• 19 special anti-narcotic task forces have been

established under the direction of the Central
Committee for Drug Abuse Control.
RANK STRUCTURE
 Commissioned Officers
Brigadier General – Director General
Colonel
Lieutenant-Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant
 Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs)
(Warrant Officer Grade 1)(Regimental Sergeant Major)
(Warrant Officer Grade 2)(Company Sergeant Major)
(Company Quartermaster Sergeant)/ (Squadron Quartermaster Sergeant)
Sergeant
Corporal
Lance Corporal
 Lowest Rank
Private
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
THE PHILIPPINE POLICING
Nationalized
Undertaken by the Philippine National Police (PNP)
Administered and controlled by a National Police

Commission (NAPOLCOM) which is attached to the
Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG)
National Law Enforcement Agencies support the PNP in

some special cases of national interest
PHILIPPINE POLICING
• In the enforcement of laws and addressing
transnational crime, the PNP is assisted by
various National Law Enforcement Agencies
under different Departments.
• While the PNP is categorized as a general-

purpose police, the other government law
enforcement agencies are considered Special
police.
TOP OFFICIALS OF THE PNP
The PNP is under the command of a Police Director-

General whose position title is Chief, PNP;
The CPNP is assisted by two (2) deputies, one for

Administration and the other is for Operations, and a
Chief of Directorial Staff. Their rank is Police Deputy
Director-General;
The CPNP has three (3) kinds of Staff: the General or

Coordinating Staff, the Special Staff and Personal Staff.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
National Office
Regional Offices
City/Provincial Offices
City/Municipal Stations
RANK STRUCTURE
(British Style Ranks)
COMMISSIONED RANKS
Director General
Deputy Director General
Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
NON-COMMISSIONED RANKS
• Senior Police Officer 4
• Police Officer 3
ROYAL THAI POLICE
ROYAL THAI POLICE
• The Royal Thai Police are the national police

of Thailand
• known as Thailand National Police
Department (TNPD)
• Formed in 1933
• Headquarters - Bangkok
• Agency head - Director-General
TNPD
Its primary responsibility is to maintain public
order through enforcement of the kingdom's
laws.
It is a subdivision of the Ministry of Interior.
Charged with performing police functions
throughout the entire country, the TNPD was a
unitary agency whose power and influence in
Thai national life had at times rivaled that of the
army.
MAJOR OPERATIONAL UNITS
• Provincial Police (Under 9 Regions)

• The Border Patrol Police (BPP)
• The Metropolitan Police (Bangkok)
• And smaller specialized units supervised by the
Central Investigation Bureau
BUREAUS & OFFICES
Central Investigation Bureau
Office of Immigration Bureau
Narcotics Suppression Bureau
Police Education Bureau
Office Of Logistics includes the Aviation
Division - operates the force's extensive fleet of
helicopters and light aircraft.
Office of Royal Court Security Police – the Crown
Prince’s Royal Protective Unit (Detchochai Knight 3)
CENTRAL INVESTIGATION BUREAU
• Having jurisdiction over the entire country, the

CIB was organized to assist both provincial and
metropolitan components of the TNPD in
preventing and suppressing criminal activity and
in minimizing threats to national security.
SPECIALIZED UNITS UNDER THE CENTRAL
INVESTIGATION BUREAU
Railroad Police
Marine Police
Highway Police
Forestry Police
BRANCH & DIVISIONS
Crime Suppression Division
Special Branch
Traffic Police Division
Immigration Police Division
Marine Police Division
Metropolitan Police Division
Narcotics Suppression Division
Provincial Police Division
CRIME SUPPRESSION DIVISION
one of the bureau's largest components
responsible for conducting most of the technical
investigations of criminal offenses throughout
the kingdom.
Its emergency unit cope with riots and other

public disorders, sabotage, counterfeiting, fraud,
illegal gambling operations, narcotics trafficking,
and the activities of secret societies and
organized criminal associations.
SPECIAL BRANCH
Responsible for controlling subversive activities

and serves as the primary Intelligence
organization of TNPD.
It is referred to by critics as the “Political Police”

CRIMINAL RECORDS OFFICE
 Responsible for the collection and maintenance of

records required in the conduct of police work, including
dossiers and fingerprints of known criminals and
persons suspected of wrongdoing .
SCIENTIFIC CRIME DETECTION LABORATORY
• Performs the requisite chemical and physical

analyses.
RANK STRUCTURE
(Military Style Ranks)
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS
Police General
Police Lieutenant General
Police Major General
Police Senior Colonel (equivalent to Police
Brigadier General)
Police Colonel
Police Lieutenant Colonel
Police Major
Police Captain
Police Lieutenant
Police Sub-Lieutenant
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS
Police Senior Sergeant Major

Police Sergeant Major
Police Sergeant
Police Corporal
Police Lance Corporal
Policeman/Constable
SOUTH VIETNAM NATIONAL POLICE
NATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
• The National Police organization of the Republic
of Vietnam emerged by national decree in June
1962 from a conglomerate of smaller internal
security agencies.
• Integral to the National Police are the National
Police Field Force (NPFF), the Marine Police,
and the Special Police Branch for civilian
intelligence, in addition to the major component,
the Uniform Police.
SOUTH VIETNAM NATIONAL POLICE
 The National Police is centrally organized under the Ministry of Interior.

 It is operationally decentralized to the 44 provinces, 250districts, and
six autonomous cities.
 Operational control was vested in the province and district chiefs, as
well as the mayors of the autonomous cities.
 All of the province chiefs and most of the district chiefs were military
officers at present.
 Internal support for logistic, finance, personnel, and matters of police
management and policy emanated centrally from the Director General,
National Police, to four regional police directors in the Military Regions,
and the Director, Saigon Municipal Police; and thence to province,
district, and city police chiefs, or, in the case of Saigon, the precinct
police chief.
OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES
THE INDIAN POLICE SERVICE
STATE POLICE
• Like many federal structures, the bulk of policing in

India lies with the respective States and Territories.
• Each state and union territory has a state police force,

headed by the Commissioner of Police (State) or Director
General of Police (DGP).
• It is controlled by the Chief Minister and Home Minister

of the state/union territory.
• The state police is responsible for maintaining law and

order in townships of the state and the rural areas.
STATE POLICE
• Larger cities also operate metropolitan police

forces, under respective state governments
STATE POLICE
• Some state forces are organized into Police Ranges, headed by

A Special Inspector General of Police (Spl.IG) or Deputy
Inspector General of Police (DIG) or Additional
Commissioner of Police, who control several Police Districts.
• The Police District is the fulcrum of state police activity and
each Police District of the state is headed by a Senior Assistant
Commissioner of Police or Superintendent of Police (SP).
• In many states an SP is assisted by one or more Additional
SPs. Generally a Police district is same as a revenue district of
a state.
STATE POLICE
The Police District is divided into Police Sub-Divisions

and will be under the command of a Assistant
Commissioner of Police or Deputy Superintendent of
Police.
The Police Sub-Division is made up of one or more
Police Circles, and is under the command of an Inspector
of Police often referred to as the Circle Inspector (CI).
Under the Police Circles are the police stations, generally
under the control of a Sub-Inspector (SI). As per the
various Indian laws, Sub-Inspector (and above) are the
only officers who can file a charge sheet in the court.
STATE POLICE
• Each state police force also maintains its own
armed police force (known as the Provincial
Armed Constabulary, Special Police and Armed
Police) which is responsible for emergencies and
crowd control issues.
• They are generally activated only on orders from

the Additional Commissioner of Police, and
higher-level authorities.
Metropolitan Police
In addition to the state police, major Indian cities have their
own police forces which follow the Police Commissionerate
System. The Chief of Metropolitan Police is the Police
Commissioner. Reporting to the Police Commissioner are the
Joint Police Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner of Police
and Assistant Commissioner of Police.
The majority of metropolitan police forces are subordinate to

the state government. The exception are the Delhi Police,
which as part of the Union Territory Cadre are directly under
the federal Ministry of Home Affairs. All other metropolitan
forces report to their respective state governments.
TRAFFIC POLICE
Highway Police and Traffic Police in the small
towns come under the state police, but Traffic
Police in the cities come under the metropolitan
police.
The Traffic Police are responsible for
maintaining the smooth flow of traffic and
stopping offenders in the city or town, whilst the
Highway Police are responsible for securing the
highways and for catching speeding offenders
FEDERAL POLICE AGENCIES
• The federal police are controlled by the central
Government of India.
• The majority of federal law enforcement
agencies are controlled by the Ministry of Home
Affairs.
• The head of each of the federal law enforcement
agencies is always an Indian Police Service (IPS)
officer.
FEDERAL POLICE AGENCIES
Border Security Force
Central Bureau of Investigations
Central Industrial Security Force
Central Reserve Police Force
Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
Indo-Tibetan Border Police
National Investigation Agency
National Security Guards
Railway Protection Force
Special Protection Group
Seema Suraksha Bal
Narcotics Control Bureau
Gazetted Officers’ Ranks
 Director Intelligence Bureau (post held by senior most India Police Service
officer; not a rank)
 Commissioner of Police (State) or Director General of Police
 Special Commissioner of Police or Additional Director General of Police
 Joint Commissioner of Police or Inspector General of Police
 Additional Commissioner of Police or Deputy Inspector General of Police
 Deputy Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
 Deputy Commissioner of Police or Superintendent of Police
 Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police or Additional Superintendent of
Police
 Assistant Commissioner of Police or Deputy Superintendent of Police
 Assistant Superintendent of Police (IPS) Probationary Rank: 2 years of
service)
 Assistant Superintendent of Police (IPS) Probationary Rank: 1 year of service)
NON-GAZETTED OFFICER’S RANKS
•
Inspector of Police
• Sub-Inspector of Police
• Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police
• Police Head Constable
• Senior Police Constable
• Police Constable
CHINA
LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
• It consists of an extensive public security system and a

variety of enforcement procedures are used to maintain
order in the country.
• Along with the courts and procuratorates, the country's

judicial and public security agencies included the
Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State
Security\, with their descending hierarchy of
departments, bureaus, sub-bureaus, and stations.
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SECURITY
• The Ministry of Public Security is the principal police
authority.
• The ministry has functional departments for areas such

as internal security, intelligence, counter-terrorism,
police operations, prisons, and political, economic, and
communications security.
• Subordinate to the ministry are provincial-level public

security departments; public security bureaus and sub-
bureaus at the county level (the bureaus located in the
prefectures and large cities, the sub-bureaus in counties
and municipal districts); and public security stations at
the township level.
PEOPLE’S ARMED POLICE
 The People's Armed Police (PAP) is a paramilitary police force

under the authority of the Ministry of Public Security.
It was officially established at the national level in 1983.
In 1985 the PAP is consisted of approximately 600,000

volunteers and conscripts.
 With a general headquarters at the national level and

subordinate division-level provincial or specialized units,
regimental-level detachments, and battalion-level brigades, it
retained its military organization.
LOCAL POLICE
• Public security bureau more or less act as local

(provincial and municipal) police forces.
• There are no independent forces similar to those in

Europe and North America in China (excluding Hong
Kong Police and Macau Security Force, which are
modelled after European police forces).
• In recent years the PSB have shed their paramilitary

image towards becoming a professional police service.
Green military uniforms have given way to black and
white. Standard IDs (similar to warrant cards or badges)
are being used to identify officers.
RANK STRUCTURE
Commissioner General
Deputy Commissioner General
Commissioner 1st Class
Commissioner 2nd Class
Commissioner 3rd Class
Supervisor 1st Class
Supervisor 2nd Class
Supervisor 3rd Class
Superintendent 1st Class
Superintendent 2nd Class
Superintendent 3rd Class
Constable 1st Class
Constable 2nd Class
ROYAL HONGKONG
POLICE FORCE
ROYAL HONG KONG
POLICE FORCE
• The Royal Hong Kong Police Force is governed by the

Hong Kong Security Bureau.
• It is responsible for law enforcement and composed of
civilian police.
• The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police
who is assisted by two deputy commissioners - a "Deputy
Commissioner - Operations" supervises all operational
matters including crime - and a "Deputy Commissioner -
Management" is responsible for the direction and
coordination of the force management including
personnel, training and management services.
STRUCTURE
For day-to-day policing, the Force is organized into six regions:
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon East
Kowloon West
New Territories North
New Territories South
Marine Region
 Made up of 5 departments:
Operations & Support
Crime & Security
Personnel & Training
Management Services
Finance, Administration and Planning
RANKS
(British-Rank Model)
 Commissioner of Police – (General)
 Deputy Commissioner of Police – (Lt. Gen)
 Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police – (Maj. Gen)
 Assistant Commissioner of Police – (Brig. Gen)
 Chief Superintendent of Police – (Colonel)
 Senior Superintendent of Police – (Lt. Colonel)
 Superintendent of Police – (Major)
 Chief Inspector of Police – (Captain)
 Senior Inspector of Police – (Lt. over a bar)
 Inspector of Police – (Lieutenant)
 Probationary Inspector of Police – (Second Lieutenant)
 Station Sergeant – ( Staff Sergeant)
 Sergeant – (Sergeant)
 Senior Constable – (Lance Corporal)
 Police Constable
HONG KONG POLICE FORCE
• It is the world’s second and Asia’s first police

agency to operate with a modern policing
system.
• The FBI and the INTERPOL have acknowledged

that the Hong Kong Police Force as “Asia’s
Finest”.
EUROPEAN POLICE MODELS
GREECE POLICE
• The Hellenic Police is the national police force

of Greece.
• The force was established in 1984 under Law

1481/1-10-1984 as the result of the fusion of the
Gendarmerie and the City Police forces.
GREECE POLICE
The Hellenic Police is a security organ whose primary

aims are:
Ensuring peace and order as well as citizens' unhindered

social development, a mission that includes general
policing duties and traffic safety.
Prevention and suppression of crime as well as

protection of the state and its democratic form of
government.
GREECE POLICE
• The Hellenic Police is constituted along central

and regional lines.
• The force's staff consists of police officers,
civilians, Border Guards and Special Police
Guards.
• It is a national agency under the Ministry of
Citizen Protection.
REGIONAL JURISDICTION
 Greece is divided into two sectors for policing, both headed by an Inspector General.
 These sectors both contain several regions, headed by an Inspector General.
Northern Greece
 Thessaloniki Prefecture
 East Macedonia and Thrace Periphery
 Central Macedonia Periphery
 West Macedonia Periphery
 Thessaly Periphery
 Epirus Periphery
 North Aegean Periphery
Southern Greece
 Central Greece Periphery
 Peloponnese Periphery
 West Greece Periphery
 Ionian Islands Periphery
 South Aegean Periphery
 Crete Periphery
ORGANIZATION
• The Hellenic Police force is headed by the Chief of Police.

• He is assisted by a Deputy Chief of Police whose role is
largely advisory and the Head of Staff, who, in addition
to acting as 'Principal' of the Police Academy, heads the
Security and Order Branch, Administrative Support
Branch and Economical-Technical and Information
Support Branch.
• Equal in rank to the Head of Staff are the General
Inspectors of Southern and Northern Greece, who have
under their jurisdiction the regional services of both
these divisions.
Special Services of the Police
• The Greek Police force has several special services divisions under the
authority of the Chief of Police and working in conjunction with regional
and other police sectors where necessary, these are as follows:
Special Violent Crime Squad

Forensic Division
Division of Internal Affairs
International Police Cooperation Division
Informatics Division
Special Anti-Terrorist Unit
Department of Explosive Devices Disposal
Hellenic Police Air Force Service
Special Guards
Border Guards
Units for the Reinstatement of (Public) Order (Riot
Police)
Unit of Police Dogs
GERMANY
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
• The responsibility of general policing is on the hand of

the States.
• There are three (3) Federal Police Agencies in existence,
namely:
The Border Police (Bundespolizei)’
The Federal Criminal Police Office
The Police of the Parliament
• All of these agencies are under the Ministry of Interior
• Neighborhood Watch Program implemented by the
Local police agencies
German Democratic Republic
• East Germany created a centralized police force

under the Ministry of Interior, the paramilitary
Volkspolizei.
• It also established a border police, initially an

independent force, then integrated into the army
and then reorganized as an independent military
organization.
SPAIN
SPAIN
 Law enforcement is carried out by numerous organizations,
not all of which operate in the same areas.
 National
Guardia Civil - Civil Guard
Policía Nacional - National Police
Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera - Customs Service
 Regional
Ertzaintza in the Basque Country
Mossos d'Esquadra in Catalonia
Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa) in Navarre
 Local
Policía Municipal (also known as Policía Local or Guardia
Urbana in some cities) in every town and city of a certain size.
SAFETY AND SECURITY
• Communal safety is the duty of the State alone.
• It is the national Government's role to uphold

security, in which the self-governing
communities and local corporations may
contribute through their own security forces.
National Law Enforcement Agencies
• The National Police - a civilian force operating

purely in urban areas.
• The Guardia Civil (Civil Guard) - a military force

that operates mainly in rural areas.
Regional and Local Police Forces
• With regard to the police forces of the Autonomous

Communities, only the Basque Country (Ertzaintza),
Catalonia (Mossos d'Esquadra) and Navarra (Policía
Foral) have chosen to set up their own police forces.
• Other communities have units of the National Police
attached to their executives.
• The Local Police have over 50,000 officers throughout
1,700 municipal forces.
RANK STRUCTURE
Cuerpo Nacional de Policía
• Chief Superintendent (Comisario Principal)
• Superintendent (Comisario)
• Chief Inspector (Inspector Jefe)
• Inspector
• Sergeant (Sub-inspector)
• Corporal (Official)
• Constable (Agente)
RANK STRUCTURE
Guardia Civil - Civil Guard
 Lieutenant General (Teniente General)
 Division General (General de División)
 Brigade General (General de Brigada)
 Colonel (Coronel)
 Lieutenant Colonel (Teniente Coronel)
 Major (Comandante)
 Captain (Capitán)
 Lieutenant (Teniente)
 Second Lieutenant (Alférez)
 Senior Warrant Officer (Suboficial Mayor)
 Junior Warrant Officer (Subteniente)
 Sergeant first class (Brigada)
 Staff Sergeant (Sargento Primero)
 Sergeant (Sargento)
 Master Corporal (Cabo Mayor)
 Corporal (Cabo Primero)
 Lance Corporal (Cabo)
 Constable first class (Agente de 1ª)
 Constable (Agente)
RANK STRUCTURE
Basque Country
Ertzaintza - Basque Police
Superintendent (Basque: Superintendentea)
Intendent (Intendentea)
Chief Inspector (Inspektorea)
Inspector (Inspektoreordea)
Officer (Ofiziala)
Noncommissioned Officer (Ofizialordea)
Constable 1st Class (1. Ertzaina)
Constable (Ertzaina)
RANK STRUCTURE
Catalonia
Mossos d'Esquadra - Catalonian Police
Chief Superintendent (Catalan: Major)
Superintendent (Comissari)
Chief Inspector (Intendent)
Inspector (Inspector)
Deputy Inspector (Sotsinspector)
Sergeant (Sergent)
Corporal (Caporal)
Constable (Mosso)
RANK STRUCTURE
Navarre
Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa in Basque) -
Navarrese Police
Foral Police Chief (Spanish: Jefe Policía Foral, Basque:
Foruzaingo Nagusia)
Chief Superintendent (Comisario Principal, Komisario
Nagusia)
Superintendent (Comisario, Komisarioa)
Inspector (Inspector, Inspektorea)
Deputy Inspector (Subinspector, Inspektoreordea)^
Corporal (Cabo, Kaporala)
Foral Constable (Agente Foral, Foruzaina)
ITALY
LAW ENFORCEMENT IN ITALY
• Law enforcement in Italy is provided by

eight separate police forces, six of which are
national groups in Italy.
NATIONAL POLICE FORCES
 Arma dei Carabinieri – a Gendarmerie-like military corps with police duties
and serves as the Italian military police.
 Guardia di Finanza – is a corps of the Italian Army under the authority of the
Minister of Economy and Finance with a role as police force.
 Polizia di Stato (State Pollice) – is the civil national police of Italy with patrol,
investigative and law enforcement duties. It patrols the Express Highway
network and oversees the security of railways, bridges and waterways.
 Polizia Penitenziaria (Prison Guards) – operate the Italian prison system and
handle the transportation of inmates.
 Corpo Forestale dello Stato (National Forestry Department) – responsible for
law enforcement in Talian national parks and forests.
 Guardia Costiera (Coast Guard) – provides law enforcement on the sea and is
part of the Italian navy and under the Ministry of Infrastructure and
Transport..
LOCAL POLICE FORCES
Provincial Police - Their main duties are to

enforce regional and national hunting and
fishing laws but they have also expanded into
wildlife management and environmental
protection.
Municipal Police - main duty is to enforce local

regulations and control traffic, but who also deal
with petty crime and anti-social behavior,
especially in the largest metropolitan areas.
THE NETHERLANDS POLICE
LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS
• Is provided by:
• 25 Regional Police Forces (Regiokorpsen);
• The Netherlands Police Agency (Korps
landelijke politiediensten, KLPD) ; and
• The Royal Marechaussee (Koninklijke
Marechaussee), a gendarmerie
THE REGIONAL POLICE FORCES
 The 25 regional forces are responsible for police care in their
respective region in the Netherlands.
 Each region is divided into a number of districts, which have

both general and specialist tasks.
 Each district is composed of a number of basic units or bureaus.
 Each force has a number of regional, specialist departments,

such as the Technical CID, the Juvenile and Vice Squad, the
Identification Service, the Criminal Intelligence Service and the
Aliens Police.
THE REGIONAL POLICE FORCES
• Every regional force is led by a korpschef (corps chief), a

Hoofdcommissaris (Head Commissioner) who conducts
the day-to-day police force management.
• Decisions about the principal law enforcement policies
are made by a regional board, the so called Driehoek
(triangle) whose chairman is the korpsbeheerder (force
manager).
• The korpsbeheerder is usually the mayor of the largest
municipality in the region. The other board members of
the Driehoek are the korpschef and the (chief)
prosecutor.
THE NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY - KLPD
• The KLPD - is charged with the supervision and

surveillance on the motorways, the airways and the
waterways.
• Responsible for the safety of the members of the Royal

Family, and provides specialist support and material.
• National crime investigation tasks
• An important and internationally known division of the

Agency is the National Criminal Intelligence Division,
which houses the national Interpol bureau.
The KLPD provides eleven operational services,
including:
Dienst Nationale Recherche (National Crime Squad)

Dienst IPOL (National Police Intelligence Service -
former DINPOL and DNRI)
Dienst Specialistische Recherche Toepassingen (Special
Investigative Services)
Dienst Koninklijke en Diplomatieke Beveiliging (Royal
and Diplomatic Security Service)
Dienst Speciale Interventies (Special Intervention
Service)
• Responsible for maintaining safety and combating crime

on the roads, waterways, railways and in the air;
• Combats domestic and cross-border serious/organized
crime and terrorism;
• Commands all anti-terror police units;
• Takes charge of the police horse and dog teams;
• Provides witness protection; and
• Provides close-protection to members of Dutch Royal
Family and other VIPs (e.g. diplomats and politicians)
RANKS OF THE DUTCH POLICE
Chief Superintendent (Commissaris)
Superintendent (Hoofdinspecteur)
Chief Inspector (Inspecteur)
Inspector (Brigadier)
Sergeant (Hoofdagent)
Constable (Agent)
Police Patrol Officer (Surveillant)
Police Trainee (Aspirant)
THE ROYAL MARECHAUSEE
• The KMar (Royal Constabulary or Royal Military Police

in English) is one of the four services of the Netherlands
armed forces;
• It is a gendarmerie - a military police organization
conducting the peacetime duties of a normal police force
as well as being the police force to the armed forces;
• The KMar is a fully military organization under the
Ministry of Defense.
CIVIL TASKS OF THE KMAR
 To guard the Dutch national border (perform passport control), such as
airports and seaports;
 To escort money transports of the Central Bank of the Netherlands and to
guard the main offices of the Bank;
 To guard the royal palaces and the official residence of the prime minister;
Special Protection Tasks Brigade (BSB) on dangerous person surveillance,
can be used at the request of civil authorities as well.
 To provide general policing at Schiphol airport vicinity in addition to
border control duty;
 To perform ceremonial duties at royal palaces, such as when new
diplomats present their Letters of Credence to the queen, and for escorting
important guests;
 Military tasks are to guard military (including NATO) bases, to provide
police service to military personnel, to assist military transports and civil
and military law enforcement.
RANKS OF
ROYAL MARECHAUSSEE
GENERAL OFFICERS,
NATIONAL LEVEL
• Lieutenant General (Commander in Chief KMAR)
• Major General (Deputy Commander)
• Brigadier General (Head of department of the KMAR

Staff)
SENIOR OFFICERS,
DISTRICT LEVEL
• Colonel (District Commander)
• Lieutenant-colonel (deputy district commander,

mostly in charge of a district staff department)
• Major (mostly in charge of a district department)

OFFICERS, BRIGADE LEVEL
• Captain (comparable to Chief Inspector, brigade

commander / squadron commander)
• First Lieutenant (comparable to Inspector)
• Second Lieutenant
EXECUTIVE PERSONNEL
 Warrant Officer (comparable to Inspector)
 Sergeant Major
 Sergeant First Class
 Sergeant (comparable to Constable)
 Marechaussee First Class (compared to Patrol Officer)
 Marechaussee Second Class
 Marechaussee Third Class
 Marechaussee Fourth Class (comparable to Police Trainee)

Subject: LAW ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION (20%)
Area: COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM
(1%)
Prepared By: MEDELYN S. LACUNSAY

1. Crimes that take place across national
borders.
a. International crimes
b. National crimes
c. Transnational crimes
d. Borderless crimes
2. An Executive Order issued by president
Joseph Ejercito Estrada in 1999 Creating
the Philippine Center on Transnational
Crimes (PCTC).
a. E.O. 62
b. E.O. 100
c. R.A. 8551
d. R.A. 9165
3.Considered as the major concerns of the
Philippine Center on Transnational
Crimes (PCTC).
a. Information exchange
b. Strategic studies and capacity building
c. Law enforcement coordination
d. All of the above
4. How the PCTC performs their role in fighting
global crimes?
a. By establishing regional cooperation among

ASEAN Nations
b. By supporting the United Nations through
active involvement in the crafting of Un
Conventions and protocol against TNCs.
c. By National Cooperation and capacity building
of local government unity.
d. All of the above
5. What is the official name of the
Indonesian Police?
a. POLRI
b. RTP
c. Ministry of Public Safety
d. KNP
6. Deputy Director General is the
Philippine National Police; Police
Commissioner General is the-
a. Indonesian National Police

b. Royal Malaysia Police
c. Korean National Police
d. None of the above
7. What is the lowest rank in the Korean
National Police?
a. Police officer
b. Private
c. Rank-and-File Officer
d. Assistant Inspector
8. Police Director is to the PNP; Assistant
Commissioner General is to the-
a. Singapore Police Force

b. Royal Thai Police
c. Korean National Police
d. National Police Agency
9. The lowest rank in the Chinese Police
Organization.
a. Inspector
b. Private
c. Officer
d. Enlisted
10. Types of US Police System except one,
which one?
a. Municipal Police and State Police

b. Federal Police
c. Private Police
11. A local police style in the U.S. considered
by James O. Wilson as charged with the
enforcement of all codes within a country
or town.
a. Service style
b. Legalistic style
c. Watchman style
d. Federal Style
12. Law which enumerated specific felonies
and offenses under the Revised Penal
Code and Special Penal Laws as
Terrorism.
a. R.A. 9372
b. R.A. 9208
c. R.A. 9160
d. R.A. 9208
13. Known as Anti- Trafficking in persons
Act of 2003.
a. R.A. 9208
b. R.A. 9165
c. R.A. 6955
14. INTERPOL’s supreme governing body.
a. Secretary General
b. General Assembly
c. Commissioner General
d. General Secretariat
15. Designated contact point for the general
secretariat, regional officers and other
INTERPOL member countries requiring
assistance with overseas investigation and
location and apprehension of fugitives.
a. National Central Bureaus (NCB)

b. Executive Committee
c. Commission for the control of the INTERPOL’s
files
16. It process request concerning the
information contained in the INTERPOL’s
files.
a. Commission for the Control of the

INTERPOL’s Files (CCF)
b. Advisers
c. National Central Bureaus (NCB)
d. Executive Committee
17. Core functions of the INTERPOL except
one-
a. To secure global police communication

services
b. Arrest of member country’s notorious
fugitives
c. Operational data services and database
d. Operational police support services
18. It provides police around the world with
a common flat form though which they
can share crucial information about
criminals and criminality-
a. INTERPOL
b. ASEANAPOL
c. Global Police Communication Service
d. Operational Police Support Service
19. An international Police Organization that
facilitates cross-border police cooperation and
support to prevent and combat international
crime
a. Philippine Center on Transnational Crime

(PCTC)
b. International Criminal Organization of Police
(INTERPOL)
c. International Association of the Chief of Police
(IACP)
20. The Philippine Center on Transnational
Crimes (PCTC) is under the Office of the
President but placed under the general
supervision and control of what?
a. Department of National Defense (DND)

b. Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG)
c. Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
d. National Security Adviser (NSA)
21. Which of the following has direct
operation and supervisory authority over
the personnel and resources detailed with
the PCTC?
a. Chief PNP
b. The Executive Director
c. The Director General
d. The Chief Executive Officer
22. What is the functional relationship
between the Executive Director of the
PCTC and the Chief of the PNP?
a. Subordinate and superior

b. Coordination and cooperation
c. Communication and subordination
d. All of the above
23.The surrender of a fugitive by one State
to another.
a. Expulsion
b. Deportation
c. Extradition
d. Reconduction
24.A phenomenon by which regional
economies, societies, culture,
information, ideas and authority are
integrated by global network through
communication transportation and trade.
a. Globalization
b. Transnational ideas
c. Territorial crossing
d. International cooperation
25. Notice issued by the International Criminal
Organization of the Police (INTERPOL) when a
certain fugitive has a pending warrant from his
mother State and the latter seeks to arrest him
and be extradited.
a. Blue Notice
b. Red Notice
c. Black Notice
d. Green Notice
26. INTERPOL’s Notice to locate missing
persons whose whereabouts is sought to
be known.
a. Blue Notice
b. Yellow Notice
c. Red Notice
d. Green Notice
27. The Singapore Police Force is headed
by-
a. Commissioner of Police
b. Superintendent
c. Commissioner
d. Chief Police Brigadier
28. First Statement: The Philippines is not one of
the founding member of the UN. Second
Statement: The primary purpose of the UN is to
maintain international peace and security.
a. The first and second statements are false

b. The first statement is false but the second is
true
c. The first statement is false
d. The second statement is true
29. The PCTC is under what office in the
Philippine government?
a. DOJ
b. DILG
c. OPRES
d. DND
30. The UN Security Council is composed of
how many permanent members?
a. 15
b. 10
c. 5
d. 3
31. Which of the following is not the purpose of
the United Nations (UN)?
a. Prevention of war and maintenance of

international peace
b. Promotion of trade and development among
nations
c. Development of friendly relations among
members of the international community
d. Attainment off international cooperation and
harmony in the actions of nations
32. Technically, it is a treaty. It governs the
relations of international persons.
a. Constitution
b. International Law
c. UN Charter
d. International Convention
33. It is the forerunner of the United
Nations.
a. The League of Nations

b. Association of Southeast ASEAN Nation
c. Declaration of the of the United Nation
d. All of the above
34. The General Assembly of the UN allows
until how many representatives?
a. 5
b. 3
c. 2
d. 7
35. It has the power to elect non-permanent
members of the Security Council.
a. Secretariat
b. International Court of Justice
c. Trusteeship Council
d. General Assembly
36. Election of its members is by majority
vote of the General Assembly and the
Security Council.
a. Secretary General
b. Economic and Social Council
c. International Court of Justice
d. Trusteeship council
37. Provisional measures the Security
Council undertake; it consists of
preventing conflict from worsening. It
involves deployment of peacekeeping
and/or observer missions.
a. Preventive Action
b. Enforcement Action
c. Decide Contentious Cases
d. Renders Advisory Opinions
38. (1) The Security Council is the key organ
of the UN in the maintenance of peace and
security. (2) The Secretariat is the chief
administrative organ of the UN.
a. Statement No.1 is true while No.2 is false

b. Statement No.1 is false while No. 2 is true
c. Both statements 1 and 2 are false
d. Both statements 1 and 2 are true
39. The Security Council of the UN has how
many elective members?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 4
40. The International Court of Justice has
how many elective members for a term of
9 years?
a. 15
b. 10
c. 9
d. 11
41. The highest representative of the UN.
a. Secretariat
b. International Civil Servant
c. Secretary General
d. Judge
42. Expulsion of a foreigner who is
considered undesirable by a particular
country.
a. Extradition
b. Deportation
c. Reconduction
d. Apprehension
43. (1) A country is under obligation to admit
properly documented foreigner. (2) Any person
may be extradited.
a. Statement No.1 is correct

b. Statement No. 2 is wrong
c. Statement No. 1 is wrong but Statement No. 2 is
correct
d. Both No.1 and 2 are wrong
44. An activity considered criminal offense by at
least 2 States.
a. International crimes
b. Transnational crimes
c. Borderless crimes
d. Intra-national crimes
45. A process by which cash assets derived
from illicit activities are manipulated to
make it appear that it was a proceeds of a
legitimate activities.
a. Money laundering
b. Illegal banking
c. Hawala
d. Illegal deposit
46. Three – Core Services of the INTERPOL
except one ----
a. Unique global police communication

system
b. Facilitating international cooperation
c. Range of the criminal databases and
analytical services
d. Proactive support or police operations
throughout the world
47. Conceptualized in the 1920’s, this organization
was established to promote international
criminal police cooperation.
a. International Police
b. International Criminal Police Organization
c. ASEAN National Police
d. International Organization of the Chiefs of
Police
48. How does INTERPOL helps bring perpetrators
of international terrorism to justice?
a. By exchanging information with its member

countries
b. By preventing acts of international terrorism
c. By cooperating operatives in the field
d. By promoting best practices and trainings
49. Known as 1-24-7
a. INTERPOL Red Notice Project

b. INTERPOL Global Communication
System
c. 1-24-7 Expansion Program
d. inter-Agency Coordination
50. Currently, ASEANAPOL has how many
members?
a. 10
b. 5
c. 15
d. 7
51. Which of the following are not members
of ASEANAPOL?
a. Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia and Laos

b. Malaysia, Myanmar and Philippines
c. China, Japan, Taiwan and Hongkong
d. Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam
52. ASEANAPOL permanent secretariat is
on_______basis.
a. election
b. appointment
c. Rotational
d. screening
53. The Executive Director of the
ASEANAPOL secretariat has a term of two
(2) years with the rank of _________ of
his police organization
a. General
b. Colonel
c. Major
d. Captain
54. If the NAPOLCOM has an administrative
control and operational supervision over the
Philippines. The_________ of Japan has
administrative supervision over its National
Police agency (NPA)
a. National Police Agency

b. Prefectural Public Safety Commission
c. Commissioned of Police
d. National Public Safety Commission
55. The National Police Agency (NPA) of
Japan does not admit female applicants.
a. Yes
b. No
c. Maybe
d. It depends
56. Japan’s Police Agency is headed by
___________.
a. General
b. Commissioner General
c. Brigadier General
d. Major General
57. What is the lowest rank in the National
Police Agency in Japan?
a. Private
b. Police Officer
c. Police
d. Officer
58. If the PNP of the Philippines has Chief
PNP, Singapore Police Force is headed
by_______
a. Commissioner of Police
b. Commissioner General
c. General
d. Commissioner
59. If the PNP of the Philippines has Police
Officer 1, Singapore Police Force has-
a. Constable
b. Private
c. Policeman
d. Inspector
60. Philippine National Police is in the
Philippines;
______________________ is in
Australia
a. National Police of Australia

b. Australian National Police
c. Australian Federal Police
d. Federal Police of Australia
61. What is the highest rank in the
Australian Federal Police?
a. Commissioner
b. Commander
c. Superintendent
d. Constable
62. Japan’s Complex Program of Crime
prevention relies upon
______________________.
a. Large budget allocated by the

government to the police organization
b. Cooperation and support of the
community
c. Increase accountability to the public
d. Reorientation of the patrol activities
63. A kind of student-mentor relationship
between the Japanese patrol officers and
their supervisors, which allows the officers
a great input into decisions about local
problems.
a. Kobun-Oyabun
b. Koban
c. Buddy Buddy System
d. Mentoring System
64. Basically an urban police post on
storefront offices on tiny building
assembling sentry stations in Japan like
police block in the Philippines.
a. Koban
b. Chisai-san
c. Kobun-Oyabun
d. Rav Mitsav
65. A rural officer who required to visit each
household twice per year and works with
citizens to solve problems.
a. Chisai-san
b. Koban
c. Koban-oyabun
d. None of the Above
66. Categories of the UN Peace efforts to restore to
international peace and security except
_________
a. Preventive diplomacy & peace making

b. Peacekeeping enforcement and Peace building
c. Prevention of war and discipline of rough states
d. Sanction ad disarmament
67. Which of the following is not a factor in
the Philippines’ participation in UN
peacekeeping operations?
a. National capabilities
b. The domestic peace and order situation
c. Available funds to finance the operation
d. National interest and national goals
68. Fundamental principles of UN
peacekeeping operations except one
a. Consent and Impartiality

b. Minimum use of the force and credibility
c. Negotiation and mediation
d. Right of State for self regulation and
sovereignty
69. To qualify in the UN peacekeeping
operations PNP Non-commissioned
officer must have a rank of at least____
a. SPOIV
b. POIII
c. POII
d. SPOI
70. For a Police Commissioned Office one
must be at least ______________
a. Police Inspector
b. Police Senior Inspector
c. Police Officer III
d. Senior Police Officer I
71. The first priority for deployment in the UN
peacekeeping missions are _________
a. Those personnel without previous UN mission

deployment
b. Those who obtained the highest exam rating
c. Those with fewer missions
d. Those with previous mission deployment
72. Which of the following circumstances that a
PNP personnel who were qualified for UN
mission deployment will be declared default?
a. Failure to submit documentary requirements to

the secretariat on specified date
b. Failure to report for processing for deployment
c. Failure to pass the necessary examinations
d. Non-attendance to the scheduled pre-departed
orientation seminar
73. In deciding Philippine participation in
UN peacekeeping operations, deployment
in __________ is given highest priority.
a. Southeast Asian and other areas of ASIA

Pacific
b. European Countries
c. Latin American Areas
d. African Areas
74. What notice should the INTERPOL
issued against persons whose identity is
sought for their involvement in illegal
activities related to criminal matters?
a. Blue Notice
b. Green Notice
c. Yellow Notice
d. Black Notice
75. INTERPOL means-
a. International Police
b. International Police Organization
c. International Criminal Police

Organization
d. International Organization of the Police
76. Crimes that targeted computer network
or facilitated by computer devices.
a. Cybercrime
b. Computer crime
c. Hightech crime
d. Transnational crime
77. The formal surrender of a fugitive by
one State to one another.
a. Deportation
b. Reconduction
c. Extradition
d. Negotiation
78. Forcible conveying of a destitute
foreigner to his home country.
a. Deportation
b. Extradition
c. Negotiation
d. Reconduction
79. An international agreement between
states in written form and governed by
International Law.
a. Agreement
b. Treaty
c. Executive agreement
d. All of the above
80. Through this phenomenon, states’
international integration improves
security, but increases inequality and
threatens social order
a. Transition
b. Globalization
c. Ratification
d. Transformation
81. The first Filipino president of
International Criminal Police
Organization.
a. Jolly Bugarin
b. Rafael Crame
c. Cesar Nazareno
d. Fidel Ramos
82. The present location of INTERPOL’s
Headquarters is-
a. Paris, France
b. Lyon, France
c. Scotland, UK
d. Washington D.C., USA
83. The General Headquarters of the United
Nations is located in
___________________.
a. Vienna, Austria
b. Lyon, France
c. New York City
d. Netherlands
84. This branch of the United Nations is
located in Hague, Netherlands that
handles judicial matters among member
states.
a. General Assembly
b. Security Council
c. United Nations Judicial Body
d. International Court of Justice
85. The following are the permanent
members of the UN Security Council,
EXCEPT
a. United Kingdom
b. France
c. China
d. Japan
86. The equivalent of National Police
Commission in China which supervises the
day to day activities of its police force.
a. Ministry of State Security

b. Ministry of National Defense
c. Ministry of Public Security
d. Ministry of Interior
87. The United Nations General Assembly
meets annually from
__________________.
a. December
b. September to December
c. September
d. a and b
88. The five permanent members or the Big
5 of the Security Council was chosen based
on_________.
a. Victorious Countries of WWII

b. Superpowers of WWII
c. Availability of Member States
d. a and b
89. The firs president of the INTERPOL .
a. Oskar Dressler
b. KHOO Boon Hui
c. Johann Schober
d. Vuk Jeremic
90. This type of notice is issued in order to
locate, identify or obtain information on a
person of interest in a criminal
investigation.
a. Green
b. Blue
c. Red
d. Yellow
91. A Notice to help locate missing persons,
often minors, or to help identify persons
who are unable to identify themselves.
a. Orange
b. Green
c. Yellow
d. White
92. Notice issued to warn of an event, a
person, an object or a process representing
an imminent threat and danger to persons
or property.
a. Black
b. Purple
c. Green
d. Orange
93. It is issued by the INTERPOL to warn
about a person's criminal activities if that
person is considered to be a possible
threat to public safety.
a. Green
b. Black
c. INTERPOL Special Notice
d. Purple
94. A notice issued to seek information on
unidentified bodies.
a. Green
b. Black
c. Yellow
d. Purple
95. Color of Notice issued to provide information
on modus operandi, objects, devices and
concealment methods used by criminals.
a. Green
b. Black
c. Purple
d. INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council
Special Notice
96. This notice is issued for individuals and
entities that are subject to UN sanctions.
a. Red
b. Black
c. Purple
d. INTERPOL–United Nations Security
Council Special Notice
97. The largest police organization in the
world is known as:
a. INTERPOL
b. ICPO
c. International Criminal Police
Organization
d. All of them
98. The president of the INTERPOL is
elected coming from the _________.
a. Members of General Assembly

b. Advisers
c. Executive Committee
d. INTERPOL’s Governance
99. The executive committee meets three
times a year, usually in March, July and
immediate _____________ the meeting
of the General Assembly
a. After
b. During
c. Before
d. b and c
100. The designated contact point of the
members of the INTERPOL
a. International Central Bureaus

b. National Central Bureaus
c. Integrated Central Bureaus
d. INTERPOL Member Bureaus
101. A global police communications system
developed by the INTERPOL to exchange
crucial data quickly and securely is a
cornerstone of effective international law
enforcement.
a. 24/7 Communication System

b. I-24/7
c. 1-7 INTERPOL System
d. 24/7 NCB’s System
102. A center of INTERPOL which operates round
the clock in all of INTERPOL’s four official
languages and serves as the first point of contact
for any member country faced with a crisis
situation.
a. Command and Coordination Center

b. National Central Bureaus
c. Crisis Coordination Center
d. Crisis Management Center
103. The following, EXCEPT one, are
original members of the ASEANAPOL
a. Myanmar
b. Indonesia
c. Thailand
d. Malaysia
104. The permanent secretariat of
ASEANAPOL is headed by a executive
director and assisted by two deputies
a. One for Administration and one for

Operation
b. One for Plans and Programs
c. One for Police Services
d. both b and c
105. What particular place in which the
Asian Police Forces meet that resulted in
the creation of ASEANAPOL?
a. Jakarta
b. Kwuala Lumpur
c. Manila
d. Bangkok
END!!!
Thank You!!!
THANK YOU
AND
GODBLESS!

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COMPARATIVE POLICE

MS. MEDELYN SALCEDO LACUNSAY, MSCRIM.

Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure & Evidence

Law Enforcement Administration

Crime Detection and Investigation

Sociology of crimes and Ethics

Police Organization & Administration with Police Planning

Industrial Security Management 3%

Police Patrol Operations with Police Communication System

Police Intelligence 3.4%

Police Personnel and Records Management

Comparative Police System 3%

• Contributions of the INTERPOL in combating

• Its concept of Criminal Intelligence Analysis

• UN Convention against Transnational Crime

• Contributions of the ASEANAPOL to regional

• Selection and Qualifications

• To understand the meaning and concept of

• The process of global

• FREE OR OPEN MARKET

• GOODS ARE AVAILABLE

- MOBILE PHONES AND INTERNET

- WORK CAN BE OUTSOURCED TO

ONE IS ABLE TO REACH

- AIR TRAVEL (OPEN SKY)

 GLOBAL VILLAGE – A FUTURISTIC

• On the global scale,

• some use "globalization"

• The spread and increased

• Culture is what people eat,

• Globalization has joined

• It has increased inequality and environmental

• In many poorer nations, foreign businesses

Disease - Globalization has also helped to spread some

Drug and illicit goods trade – Worldwide, the UN

Enhanced international cooperation to combat

Strengthened police investigative capabilities.

Terrorists and Criminal Groups have access to sophisticated weapons

Terrorists and Criminals use Internet for communicating among

Terrorists can spread propaganda through the Internet;

 More rallies/demonstrations by anti-globalization groups

• Strong capabilities of organized crime /terrorist

• Is there anything wrong with Starbucks or McDonald’s

• Crime that takes place across

• The word "transnational" describes crimes that

• Transnational crimes also include crimes that

• It refers specifically to transnational crime

A profit motivated and highly capable group of persons

• The Mafia (also known as Cosa

• YAKUZA is Japan’s native

• Triad is a term used to

Drugs mostly came from South

Members of the drug syndicate

• Organized crime is generally held to focus

• It is established to provide a shared central database

 Establish a central database on national as well as

 Formulate strategies for the prevention and

 Explore and coordinate information exchanges and