English 10-q1 Lesson 1

A
C E
ENGLISH 10 S
Trip to Basics
Introduction
to
World Literature
(Types of Sentences)
Kinds of Sentences
and their Punctuation
Sentences:
A set of words that is complete
in itself, typically containing a
subject and predicate, conveying a
statement, question, exclamation, or
command, and consisting of a main
clause and sometimes one or more
subordinate clauses.
Kinds of Sentences
Subject:
A subject is a part of a
sentence that contains the person or
thing performing the action (or verb)
in a sentence.
Kinds of Sentences
Predicate:
Is the part of a sentence or
clause containing a verb and stating
something about the subject
Kinds of Sentences
Sample Sentence:
The dog barks when the postman arrives.
(This sentence has two clauses. In the first one (shown in bold), the
subject is "the dog" and the verb is "barks." In the second one
(italicized), the subject is "the postman" and the verb is "arrives.")
Kinds of Sentences
Clause/s:
A clause is a group of words
that contains a subject and a verb
that have a relationship.
Kinds of Sentences
Sample Clause:
The dog barks when the postman arrives.
Notice that "The dogs barks" could stand alone as a sentence.

This means it is an independent clause. Conversely, "when the
postman arrives" could not stand alone as a sentence. This
means it is a dependent clause.
Kinds of Sentences
Independent Clause:
An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.
John eats eggs.
I wrote my first novel last year.
(This independent clauses are literally a sentence.)

Kinds of Sentences
Dependent Clause:
A dependent clause functions like an adjective, an adverb, or a
noun.
…after I wrote my first novel last year

 Relative
 Adverbial
 Noun
Kinds of Sentences
Relative Clause:
…relative clause (or sometimes an adjective clause) functioning
as an adjective
John eats eggs that his chickens lay.
(the clause is functions as an adjective. The subject of the

dependent clause is "his chickens," and the verb of the
dependent clause is "lay.")
Kinds of Sentences
Adverbial Clause:
a clause functioning like an adverb is called an adverbial clause.
John eats eggs when his chicken lay them.
(Compare this to "John eats eggs regularly." This proves the

clause is functioning as an adverb.)
Kinds of Sentences
Noun Clause:
a clause functioning like a noun. This is called a noun clause.
John eats what his chickens lay.
(Compare this to "John eats eggs." This proves the clause is

functioning as a noun. Notice that the noun clause is part of
the independent clause)
Kinds of Sentences
Simple Sentence:
a simple sentence contains one independent clause and does
not use comma as a punctuation to separate compound elements.
Example:
Tom reads novels.
Tom reads newspapers.
Kinds of Sentences
Simple Sentence:
a simple sentence contains one independent clause and does
not use comma as a punctuation to separate compound elements.
Example:
Tom reads novel and newspapers. (compound direct object)
Tom reads and enjoys novels. (compound verb)
Kinds of Sentences
Simple Sentence:
a simple sentence contains one independent clause and does not
use comma as a punctuation to separate compound elements.
Example:
Tom and Harry reads novels. (compound subject)
Tom and Harry read and enjoy novels and newspapers.
(compound subject, verb, direct object)
Kinds of Sentences
Compound Sentence:
has two independent clauses joined by a coordinating
conjunction(,), conjunctive adverb(; + ,), or a semi-colon(;).
Punctuation Pattern
Independent Clause + Connector + Independent Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Compound Sentence Punctuation Pattern:
Example:
Tom reads novels, but Jack reads comics. (compound verb)
Tom reads novels; however, Jack reads comics.
Tom reads novels; his friend reads comics.
Kinds of Sentences
Complex Sentence:
has one dependent clause (headed by a subordinating conjunction or a
relative pronoun ) joined to an independent clause.
Example:
Although Tom reads novels, Jack reads comics.
Punctuation Pattern:
Dependent Clause + , + Independent Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Complex Sentence:
Example:
Jack reads comics although Tom reads novels.
Independent Clause + Dependent Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Complex Sentence:
Example:
Jack Smith, who reads comics, rarely reads novels.
Independent, + Nonessential Dependent Clause, + Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Complex Sentence:
Example:
People who reads comics rarely reads novels.
Independent + Essential Dependent Clause + Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentence:
has two independent clauses joined to one or more dependent clauses
Example:
While Tom reads novels, Jack reads comics, but Sam reads only magazines.
Dependent Independent Independent

Clause Clause Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Example:
Tom reads novels, but Jack reads comics because books are too difficult.
Independent Independent Dependent

Clause Clause Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Example: Independent Clause
Jack, who reads comics, rarely reads novels; however, Tom enjoys novels.
Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
Kinds of Sentences
Example: Independent Clause
People who read comics rarely reads novels; they often find books difficult.
Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
DIRECTIONS:
Read each given sentences and determine as to whether they are SIMPLE, COMPOUND,
COMPLEX or COMPOUND-COMPLEX Sentence.
1. Because he was late again, he would be docked a day's

pay.
2. Jessa and Mia loves steak and pork for dinner.
3. Bowling and Basketball are Mark’s favorite sports.
4. Although I miss him so much, I cannot go to him because
I do not have money.
5. It's gone 10 o’clock in the evening, and he still hasn't
arrived.
DIRECTIONS:
6. He felt cold, for it was snowing.

7. I have known him for a long time, yet I have never
understood him.
8. Emma is writing a letter.
9. Elfie play volleyball.
10.When the cake is brown, remove it from the oven.
11.The baby slept and dreamed, and the mother watched
while the rain fell.
DIRECTIONS:
12.Although she was considered smart, she failed all her

exams.
13.While I am a passionate basketball fan, I prefer football.
14.I went to the grocery, and I picked up the laundry before
dinner.
15.When I got home, nobody was there, so I called Mom
who was at work.
DIRECTIONS:
16.Because of the pandemic, she was laid off, but found a

new job after a month, and she’s launching a new
business that’s located near our house.
17.Mary went to work, but John went to the party, and I
went home.
18.I stopped believing in Santa Claus when he asked for my
autograph in a department store, but I still want to
believe in him.
DIRECTIONS:
19.She likes to paint herself.

20.The cinema was sold out, so we watched a movie on TV.
DIRECTIONS:
1. Because he was late again, he would be docked a day's

pay.
-Complex Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
2. Jessa and Mia loves steak and pork for dinner.
-Simple Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
3. Bowling and Basketball are Mark’s favorite sports.
-Simple Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
4. Although I miss him so much, I cannot go to him because

I do not have money.
-Compound-Complex Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
5. It's gone 10 o’clock in the evening, and he still hasn't

arrived.
-Compound Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
6. He felt cold, for it was snowing.
-Compound Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
7. I have known him for a long time, yet I have never

understood him.
-Compound Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
8. Emma is writing a letter.
-Simple Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
9. Elfie play volleyball.
-Simple Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
10. When the cake is brown, remove it from the oven.
-Complex Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
11. The baby slept and dreamed, and the mother watched
while the rain fell.
DIRECTIONS:
12. Although she was considered smart, she failed all her
exams.
-Complex Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
13. While I am a passionate basketball fan, I prefer football.
-Complex Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
14. I went to the grocery, and I picked up the laundry before

dinner.
DIRECTIONS:
15. When I got home, nobody was there, so I called Mom

who was at work.
DIRECTIONS:
16. Because of the pandemic, she was laid off, but found a
new job after a month, and she’s launching a new
business that’s located near our house.
DIRECTIONS:
17. Mary went to work, but John went to the party, and I
went home.
-Compound Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
18. I stopped believing in Santa Claus when he asked for my

autograph in a department store, but I still want to
believe in him.
DIRECTIONS:
19. She likes to paint herself.
-Simple Sentence-
DIRECTIONS:
20. The cinema was sold out, so we watched a movie on TV.
-Compound Sentence-

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A

The dog barks when the postman arrives.

Notice that "The dogs barks" could stand alone as a sentence.

John eats eggs.

I wrote my first novel last year.

(This independent clauses are literally a sentence.)

…after I wrote my first novel last year

(the clause is functions as an adjective. The subject of the

John eats eggs when his chicken lay them.

(Compare this to "John eats eggs regularly." This proves the

John eats what his chickens lay.

(Compare this to "John eats eggs." This proves the clause is

Compound Sentence Punctuation Pattern:

Dependent Independent Independent

Independent Independent Dependent

Example: Independent Clause

Example: Independent Clause

1. Because he was late again, he would be docked a day's

6. He felt cold, for it was snowing.

12.Although she was considered smart, she failed all her

16.Because of the pandemic, she was laid off, but found a

19.She likes to paint herself.

1. Because he was late again, he would be docked a day's

2. Jessa and Mia loves steak and pork for dinner.

3. Bowling and Basketball are Mark’s favorite sports.

4. Although I miss him so much, I cannot go to him because

5. It's gone 10 o’clock in the evening, and he still hasn't

6. He felt cold, for it was snowing.

7. I have known him for a long time, yet I have never

8. Emma is writing a letter.

9. Elfie play volleyball.

10. When the cake is brown, remove it from the oven.

13. While I am a passionate basketball fan, I prefer football.

14. I went to the grocery, and I picked up the laundry before

15. When I got home, nobody was there, so I called Mom

18. I stopped believing in Santa Claus when he asked for my

19. She likes to paint herself.

20. The cinema was sold out, so we watched a movie on TV.

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