FIRST

AID
Omaima S. Abolais, RN
WHAT IS FIRST
AID?
ANYONE?
First aid is the first and immediate
assistance given to any person with either
a minor or serious illness or injury, with
care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, or to promote
recovery until medical services arrive.
First aid is generally performed by
someone with basic medical training.
WHAT WOULD
YOU DO AFTER A
DISASTROUS
EARTHQUAKE?
 First take care of your own situation.
Remember your emergency plans. Aftershocks may cause additional
damage or items to fall, so get to a safe location. Take your disaster
supplies kit.

If you are trapped by falling items or a collapse,

protect your mouth, nose, and eyes from dust.

If you are bleeding,

put pressure on the wound and elevate the injured part. Signal for help
with your emergency whistle, a cell phone, or knock loudly on solid
pieces of the building, three times every few minutes. Rescue
personnel will be listening for such sounds.
 ONCE YOU ARE SAFE, HELP OTHERS AND
CHECK FOR DAMAGE. PROTECT YOURSELF
BY WEARING STURDY SHOES AND WORK
GLOVES, TO AVOID INJURY FROM BROKEN
GLASS AND DEBRIS. ALSO WEAR A DUST
MASK AND EYE PROTECTION.
 Check for injuries
• Check your first aid kit or the front pages of your telephone book for
detailed instructions on first aid measures.
• If a person is bleeding, put direct pressure on the wound. Use clean gauze
or cloth, if available.
• If a person is not breathing, administer rescue breathing.
• If a person has no pulse, begin CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
• Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate
danger of further injury.
• Cover injured persons with blankets or additional clothing to keep them
warm.
• Get medical help for serious injuries.
• Carefully check children or others needing special assistance.
4 LIFE SAVING
STEPS
1. STOP THE BLEEDING – BY ELEVATING, DIRECT PRESSURE & BY APPLYING
TOURNIQUET.
• CONTINUOUS PRESSURE WITH BOTH HANDS
DIRECTLY ON TOP OF THE BLEEDING WOUND. PUSH
DOWN AS HARD AS YOU CAN. HOLD PRESSURE TO
STOP BLEEDING. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESSURE IS
TO COMPRESS THE ARTERY AGAINST THE BONE,
THUS SHUTTING OFF THE FLOW OF BLOOD FROM
HEART TO THE WOUNDS.

• LIFT THE WOUND ABOVE THE HEART IF POSSIBLE.

IF YOU DO NOT SUSPECT THAT THE WOUND
INVOLVES A BROKEN BONE, LIFT THE INJURED
AREA ABOVE THE HEART LEVEL. ELEVATING THE
WOUND WILL SLOW THE BLOOD FLOW. IF
POSSIBLE, HELP THE PERSON LIE DOWN ON A RUG
OR BLANKET TO PREVENT LOSS OF BODY HEAT.
2. PROTECT THE WOUND – BY APPLYING FIRST AID DRESSING.

• COVERING A BREAK IN THE SKIN HELPS TO CONTROL

BLEEDING AND PROTECT AGAINST INFECTION.
DRESSINGS ARE PADS OF GAUZE OR CLOTH THAT CAN
BE PLACED DIRECTLY AGAINST THE WOUND TO ABSORB
BLOOD AND OTHER FLUIDS.
3. PREVENT ORTREAT SHOCK:

a. KEEP THE VICTIM LYING DOWN WITH HIS/HER HEAD LOWER THAN THE BODY.
b. LOOSEN ANY TILT CLOTHING.
c. KEEP THE CASUALTY CONVERTIBLE WARM BY WRAPPING WITH BLANKET.
d. GIVE HIM FLUID BY MOUTH WITH WARM STIMULANTS SUCH AS COFFEE, TEA OR COCOA
REMEMBER ALCOHOL IS NOT STIMULANTS FLUID.
4. RESTORE BREATHING – IF A CASUALTY
STOP BREATHING YOU MUST GIVE
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IMMEDIATELY.
THE SOONER YOU BEGIN ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATION, THE MORE LIKELY YOU ARE
TO SUCCEED IN RESTORING BREATHING.
 HOW DO WE
PERFORM CPR?
 REPUBLIC ACT NO.
10871, July 17, 2016
AN ACT REQUIRING BASIC EDUCATION
STUDENTS TO UNDERGO AGE-
APPROPRIATE BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
TRAINING
 CPR – OR CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
AN EMERGENCY LIFESAVING PROCEDURE PERFORMED
WHEN THE HEART STOPS BEATING. IMMEDIATE CPR CAN
DOUBLE OR TRIPLE CHANCES OF SURVIVAL AFTER
CARDIAC ARREST.
 Before starting CPR
• Ensure your own safety first, then that of the victim (for example, if the victim is lying on a road, take steps to alert
oncoming traffic).
• Gently tap the victim and shout “are you all right?” If the victim can respond and there is no further danger from their
location, leave the victim in the position they are in. If there is no response, shout for help. Send for help if there is more
than one rescuer present.
• Ask that person to dial 111 for an ambulance and return to confirm that the ambulance is on the way. Tell the ambulance
dispatcher the location and telephone number closest to the scene and be prepared to provide other information before
hanging up.
• Do not hang up until instructed to do so.
• If alone, the rescuer should assess the victim for unresponsiveness and absence of signs of life before going for help.
• The victim must be on his/her back on a firm surface.

If the victim is unconscious, breathing and has other signs of life, turn the victim onto his/her side in the recovery position
and ensure the airway is kept open.
LET’S WATCH A
VIDEO!
 ANY
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!