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Malaysianlegalsystem 120615043951 Phpapp01
Malaysianlegalsystem 120615043951 Phpapp01
Malaysianlegalsystem 120615043951 Phpapp01
Learning outcome
• Students should be able to:
Be familiar with the term law, sources of
Malaysian Law, the Malaysian Government
system and Malaysian Judicial system.
INTRODUCTION
• What is law?
- A body of rule which is enforceable by the
State.
• Law in relation to justice
- the aim is to attain justice in society.
- justice? It is an abstract idea of right and
wrong , fairness and equality.
- therefore, the aim of a given law is to encourage
the doing of what is right or just in a particular set of
circumstances.
Cont…
• Law, the State and Constitution
- Malaysia, which consists of Peninsular Malaysia,
Sabah and Sarawak is one political unit, but it is not
governed by the same set of laws.
- There are attempts to achieve uniformity.
- However, there are links that unite the two parts of
Malaysia, the Parliament and the Federal Court.
- The Parliament can and does legislate for the
whole country.
- The FC acts as a final court of appeal for the whole
country.
Cont…
- Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and 3 Federal
Territories. And it has a Federal Constitution and a 13
State Constitutions.
- Federal Constitution is the Supreme Law of the land.
State Constitution is law made by State to govern her
own state. Any law made by Parliament or by
State Constitution that inconsistent with Federal
Constitution is VOID
- An article 74 of the Federal Constitution provides that
Parliament may make laws with respect to any of the
matters enumerated in the Federal Lists, State
Legislature may make laws in respect to any of the
matters enumerated in State List.
Cont…
- Both Parliament and State Assembly may also make laws
with respect to any matters enumerated in the Concurrent List.
But, if there inconsistency, laws made by Parliament shall
prevail.
• Classification of Law
1) Public law
- PL is basically the law which governs the relationship
between individuals and the State.
- PL further divided into constitutional and criminal law
- Constitutional law lays down the rights of individuals in the
state.
- Criminal law codifies the various offences committed by
individuals against the State.
Cont…
2) International law
- law which regulates the relationship
between one state and another.
- Eg: Singapore & Malaysia ( Pulau Batu Puteh)
- it may further be subdivided into 2
categories: public international law
private international
law
Cont…
3) Private law
- law between one individual and another
- concerned with matters that affect the rights
and duties of individuals amongst themselves.
- Eg; contract, tort, trust etc
Malaysian Constitution & Sources
of Law
• The word ‘sources’ has several meanings which
include the following:
1) historical sources – factors that have
influenced the development of the law
although they are not recognized as law.
( Eg: religious beliefs, local customs and
opinion of jurists)
2) Legal sources – legal rules that make up
the law . Can be classified into written &
unwritten
Cont…
• Sources of law can be found from:
statutes
law reports
text books
• Sources of law can be classified into:
1) Written
- is the most important source of law.
- it refers to that portion of Malaysian Law which includes:
1. The Federal and State Constitution
2. Legislation enacted by Parliament and State
Assemblies
3. Subsidiary legislation
Cont…
2) Unwritten law
- doesn’t mean that it is not written
- what made it unwritten is that it is not made
by the formal legislative bodies.
- Sources of unwritten law are:
1. English law
2. Case law
3. Customs
4. Islamic Law
Cont…
• Constitution
- Federal Constutution is the supreme law of
the country. Any law passes after
Independence Day with inconsistent with the
Federal Constitution is void.
- Parliament exist under Constitution therefore
all action must consistent with the
Constitution. If inconsistent, it is void.
Cont…
• Legislation
- Refers to law enacted by a body constituted
for this purpose.
- Legislation is not only contains law but is law
itself.
- Legislation made by parliament at the federal
level and by state legislative assemblies at
state level
Cont…
• Subsidiary legislation
- In theory, power to rule in Malaysia is divided into :
Body of law