Load flow studies

by using
Newton Raphson method and fast decoupled method

Prepared by:
Ashebir kelibe

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Types of Buses

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Notes

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Newton-Raphson Method

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• Finally, This is known as NR (Newton – Raphson) formulation

Notes:
Pi scheduled and Qi scheduled are known from the input data. Pi calc. and
Qi calc. are obtained from the calculation in rectangular or polar coordinates.

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Notes
Where and are assumed to be 1∟o

Expanding in Taylor Series and neglecting higher order , we get :

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The N-R Algorithm

The procedure for Newton-Raphson power flow solution:

1. Voltage magnitudes and phase angles are set equal to 1.0 and 0.0, i.e., 1∟o. For voltage-regulated
buses, phase angles are set equal to Zero.

2. Calculate Pi and Qi .

3. ∆P and ∆Q are calculated respectively.

4.The elements of the Jacobian matrix (J1, J2, J3, and J4) are calculated .

5. The new voltage magnitudes and phase angles are computed .

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Accelaration

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 • Advantages of Newton-Raphson Method
• 1. More accurate, faster and reliable.

• 2. Requires less number of iteration for convergence.

• 3. The no. of iterations required independent of the size of the system

• 4. Best suited for load flow solution to large size systems.

• 5. Fast decoupled power flow solution can be obtained from Newton Raphson method.

• Disadvantages of Newton-Raphson Method

• 1. Calculations per iteration are much larger than Gauss method.

• 2.The memory needed is quite large for large size systems.

• 3. programming is also complicated.

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Fast Decoupled power flow solution

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Example from Hadisadat

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The difference between the GS method, NR method and FD:

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 The DC Power Flow Equations

Direct Current Load Flow (DCLF) gives estimations of lines power flows on AC power
systems. DCLF looks only at active power flows and neglects reactive power flows. This
method is non-iterative and absolutely convergent but less accurate than AC Load Flow
(ACLF) solutions. DCLF is used wherever repetitive and fast load flow estimations are
required.
In DCLF, nonlinear model of the AC system is simplified to a linear form through
these assumptions.
• Line resistances (active power losses) are negligible i.e. R>> X.
• Voltage angle differences are assumed to be small i.e. sin(0) = 0 and cos(0)=1.
• Magnitudes of bus voltages are set to 1.0 per unit (flat voltage profile).
• Tap settings are ignored.
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Let’s reconsider the power flow equations:-

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If r is very small compared to x

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where :-
Vk is the bus k nodal voltage pharos.
Ikj is the pharos of the current flowing from bus k to j.

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Reference :-
 Power system anaylsis Hadi saadat

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Thank you
for
your
listening
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