Gallus Gallus Domesticus Eggshell as a Potential

Alternative Blackboard Chalk

Lawrence B. Babael Rohannie N. Babael Icy B. Elle Shairine L. Gonzales

Grade 10 STE
Mrs. Cel Marie Eve T. Abregana
Program
Research Adviser

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Rationale and Background of the Study

 Chalk is a porous sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate.

 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 chief component of limestone is found in nature which contributes to the
hardness of rocks, seashells and eggshells.
 Calcium carbonate is the main component of eggshells. It is an essential component of chalks
 The Chicken eggshells, known as “Gallus gallus domesticus eggshell” are commonly discarded as waste
materials.
 Making Alternative chalk using chicken “Gallus gallus domesticus eggshell” as the source of calcium
carbonate in making chalk addresses the growing financial issues that the teachers were facing in
connection of the tools used for teaching and the growing waste problem in the community.
 The use of this waste material can be a potential alternative chalk. According to Gary Butcher and
Richard Miles (2021) the eggshells contain approximately 95% of calcium carbonate and an average
typical mass of 2.2 grams
 With the properties of eggshells, “Gallus gallus domesticus” eggshell can be an effective source of
chalk making in terms of whiteness and writing capacities.

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Statement of the Problem

1. What is the overall condition of the alternative chalk made out of Gallus gallus domesticus eggshell

in terms of:

a. Quality (Durability)

b. Performance (Writing)

2. What are the differences and similarities between the alternative chalk and the commercial chalk?

3. Is there a significant difference between the alternative chalk made out of Gallus gallus domesticus

eggshell to the commercial chalk in terms of quality and performance in writing.

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Conceptual Framework

CONDITION OF
ALTERNATIVE THE CHALK IN
CHALK MADE TERMS OF COMMERCIAL
OUT OF DURABILY AND
PERFORMANCE
CHALK
EGGSHELL
IN WRITING
Control
Independent
Dependent Variable
Variable
Variable

Figure 1: Conceptual framework

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 Materials

Materials Quantity

Flour 1 tablespoon

Hot water 2 tablespoons

Gallus gallus domesticus eggshell 6 pieces

Equipment and Utensils

Description Quantity Purpose

Grinder 1 unit To grind the eggshells into pieces.

Mortar and Pestle 1 unit To powder the crushed eggshells.

Where all the ingredients will be
Mixing Bowl 1 unit
mixed.
To mix and combine all the ingredients.
Tablespoon 1 piece
Wax Paper 1 piece
To dry and mold the mixture.

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  Making the alternative chalk

1. Crush the eggshells until it becomes a fine powder.

2. Mix one tablespoon of flour and two tablespoons of distilled hot water into a mixing bowl.

3. Mix it until it achieves the paste like texture then add one tablespoon of powdered eggshell. .

4. After mixing, mold the mixture into a log shape then wrap it into a piece of wax paper and let it sit for 3-5

days.

 Chalk durability test

1. Devise a simple fixture to hold the chalk securely on the tester device.

2. Place the chalk in the fixture.

3. Attach a downward force or weight to the center of the chalk using a string.

4. Add weight until the chalk break.

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  Chalk performance in writing test

1. With some chalk, draw 10 lines on the blackboard.

2. Wait for 3 seconds then erase the drawn lines using a blackboard eraser.

3. Observe what happen to the blackboard where the line was drawn and see the difference.

4. Count how many scratches left on the blackboard per types of chalk used.

Statistical Tool

 T- test

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Findings
Table 3. Chalk Durability Test (Maximum weight capacity)
Chalk 1 Chalk 2 Chalk 3

Alternative Chalk 150 g 300 g 300 g

Commercial Chalk 1, 500 g 1, 550 g 1, 550 g

Table 4. Chalk Performance Test (scratches left)

Chalk 1 Chalk 2 Chalk 3

Alternative Chalk 7/10 4/10 0/10

Commercial Chalk 0/10 2/10 0/10

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 Table 5. Data Results of durability test
Section Mean SD P- value Decision
Control Group 1550 0
Reject the null
Experimental >0.001476016
Group 250 86.60254038 hypothesis

*Tested at a = 0.05

Table 6. Data Results of performance in writing test

Section Mean SD P- value Decision
Control Group 1 0.957427108
Reject the null
Experimental >0.317974674
3.666666667 3.511884584
Group hypothesis
*Tested at a = 0.05

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 The researchers concluded that the overall condition of the alternative chalk made of Gallus gallus
domesticus eggshell is totally fine. In terms of the quality specifically the durability, it is firm enough to
endure 250 grams of weight in average. Meanwhile, in terms of 20 performance in writing, the
alternative chalk also perform well but still has some flosses. The lines it made were clear enough just to
be seen by the human eye. The only downside of it was the high numbers of scratches it left on the
blackboard. The differences and similarities between the alternative chalk and the commercial chalk are
obvious. Whether by the observation or the numerical data results presented in chapter 4. After
analyzing the results and findings gathered from the product testing process which were also presented
on the previous chapter, the researchers concluded that there is indeed a significant difference between
the alternative chalk and commercial chalk specifically in terms of the durability and writing
performance. Therefore, the alternative chalk made from eggshell has the potential to compete with the
commercial chalk. Although it has the potential, it still needs some further improvements

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Recommendation

The researchers recommend using this alternative chalk in rough surfaces like
roads and floors for making or drawing art. In terms of improving the alternative
chalk made of eggshell, the researchers recommend replacing the wax paper of an
actual chalk molder as a molder to balance out all the mixture leaving no air on it
that may affect the durability of the chalk. Pounding the eggshell until it achieves
the fine dust texture may help to improve the performance of the chalk in writing
which may result to a low chance of scratches left.

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References

 Butcher, G. D., & Miles, R. (2021). Concepts of eggshell quality. VM01300. PDF, 6.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pubication/VM013

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