Unit 6 – Lesson 1

Education as a Social Institution

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the

following:

• Define education;
• Trace and describe the evolution of education;
• Give the functions and importance of education in the society;
• Evaluate how education functions and affects society

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 UNIT STIMULUS

In what ways does education

positively impact your life?

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Unit 6 - Lesson 1
Functions of Education in a Society

Unit 8| Education as a Social Institution

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

4
Definition of Education

Education is how
knowledge is passed on to
other members of society
and one way to do it is
through schooling or
formal education.

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Definition of Education

Education brings a natural

and lasting change in an
individual’s reasoning and
ability to achieve the
targeted goal.

“Education is the passage to

progress”
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CONTEMPORARY EXPERIENCE

Formal, nonformal, and

informal education

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Formal Education

Formal education or formal learning

usually takes place in the premises of
the school, where a person may learn
basic, academic, or trade skills.

Ex. Learning in a classroom

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Characteristics of Formal Education

o Formal education is structured hierarchically.

o It is planned and deliberate.
o Scheduled fees are paid regularly.
o It has a chronological grading system.
o It has a syllabus and subject-oriented. The syllabus
has to be covered within a specific time period.
o The child is taught by the teachers

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Advantage and Disavantage of Formal Education

Advantage:
An organized educational model and up to date course
contents.
Students acquire knowledge from trained and professional
teachers.

Disadvantage:
Sometimes, brilliant students are bored due to the long wait
for the expiry of the academic session to promote to the next
stage
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Informal Education

Informal education is when you are

not studying in a school and do not
use any particular learning method.

Ex. A parent teaching a child how to

prepare a meal or ride a bicycle.

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Characteristics of Informal Education

o It is independent of boundary walls and has no

definite syllabus.
o It is not pre-planned and has no timetable.
o No fees are required as we get informal education
through daily experience and by learning new things.
o It is a lifelong process in a natural way.
o The certificates/degrees are not involved and one has
no stress for learning the new things.
o You can get from any source such as media, life
experiences, friends, family etc.
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Advantage and Disavantage of Informal Education

Advantage:
More naturally learning process as you can learn at anywhere
and at any time from your daily experience.

Disadvantage:
Information acquired from the internet, social media, TV,
radio or conversations with friends/family members may lead
to the disinformation.

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Non-formal Education

Non-formal education includes adult

basic education, adult literacy
education or school equivalency
preparation.

Ex. Home education, individualized

instruction, distance learning and
computer-assisted instruction are
other possibilities.
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Characteristics of Non-formal Education

o The nonformal education is planned and takes place

apart from the school system.
o The timetable and syllabus can be adjustable.
o Unlike theoretical formal education, it is practical and
vocational education.
o Nonformal education has no age limit.
o Fees or certificates may or may not be necessary.
o It may be full time or part-time learning and one can
earn and learn together.
o It involves learning of professional skills.
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Advantage and Disavantage of Non-Formal Education

Advantage:
Practiced and vocational training. Flexibility in age,
curriculum and time.

Disadvantage:
Basic reading and writing skills are crucial to learn.
No professional and trained teachers.

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BENCHMARK

What is the role of education in

society?

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Evolution of Education
Middle Ages Industrialization Twenty-first Century

Education has evolved with time and in line with a

country’s values and ideals.

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Evolution of Education
Middle Ages (500 to 1400–1500 CE)

 Noble Class, Wealthy Landowners

 It focused on classical subjects instead of skills
needed to earn a living.
 taught moral and ethical values based on Christian
teachings
 Basic training in arithmetic, writing, and grammar.

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Evolution of Education

Industrialization (1760 – 1840)

• In Russia, education became an important

component of the industrialization in the 1900s
• The government decided to end the entrance
examination to middle school
• Vocational training programs at the high school
level were started to produce the skilled manpower
needed for industrialization.

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Evolution of Education

Twenty-first Century (21st century)

• Giving students the skills they need to succeed

in this new world, and helping them grow the
confidence to practice those skills.

• Personalized learning
• Learning through doing
• Student centered, not teacher centered
• Community relationships
• Technology
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BENCHMARK

“What do you think is the focus

of the Philippine education
system today?“

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Other Forms of Education

These are alternative forms of

education that are not administered by
the government:
● private education
● indigenous education
● informal learning
● self-directed learning
● open education

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The Most Important Values I Learned in School

Most Important Values How I Learned It

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The Most Important Values I Learned in School

Ask the following questions to process the activity:

Why is it important for you to learn these values?

Why does society need children and the youth to be educated in

schools?
Are there other social institutions that contribute to your learning of
knowledge, skills, and values?

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PERSPECTIVE-AT-WORK

Learning became more

accessible because of
advances in technology.

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Functions of Formal Education

Socialization Social Integration

Formal education was developed to teach society’s norms and values to the
next generation. It also encourages conformity by identifying desirable
values and attitudes.
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-
Functions of Formal Education

Social Placement Culture of Innovation

Formal education connects students’ talents with their interests and available
opportunities. It also serves as an avenue to develop critical thinking and
produce new knowledge and culture.
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Functions of Formal Education

Latent Functions of Formal Education

Formal education became an institution of childcare for working parents. It

also helps children establish social ties and relationships that have a lasting
impact on their lives.
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 Education and Social Stability

How can education

help members of
society attain
social stability?

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KEY MOMENTS

Act No. 74 established

a highly centralized
public school system
in the country. What
do you think were its
goals?

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Unit 6 - Lesson 2
Education as a Human Right

Unit 13| Education as a Social Institution

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

32
Education as a Human Right

These international conventions affirmed that education is a human right.

● International Covenant on
Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights
● Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against
Women
● Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities
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Education as a Human Right

Advocates continue to campaign for education as a human right

for two reasons.

Primary education teaches children Many children still do not have

literacy and numeracy skills. access to primary education.
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Education as a Human Right

The Millennium
Development Goals
(MDGs) are eight
goals with
measurable targets
and clear deadlines
for improving the
lives of the world's
poorest people.
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Three Facets of the Right to Education

Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of

Human Rights states that

● Education enables individuals to

exercise their rights.
● All children have a right to quality
education.
● All children must be given the same
educational opportunities.

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Education in the Philippines

As of SY 2020-2021, there
are more than 11,000
private basic education
institutions in the
Philippines.

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Education in the Philippines

Kishore Singh, UN special

rapporteur, believes that
privatization of education
highlights the government’s
inability to meet their
obligation to ensure universal
access to quality education.

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My Right to Learn

Identify things that are necessary for academic success and

arrange them according to priority.

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My Right to Learn

 Do you have everything you need to achieve your academic

and educational pursuits? Why do you think so?

 Do all children and youth in the country have

access to quality education?

 How can the government and other stakeholders ensure that

children and the youth have access to quality education?

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LET’S PUT IT THIS WAY

What do you think are

the most pressing
issues in Philippine
education today?

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Our Right to Learn

How can we
make education
accessible to
disadvantaged
groups?

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Education and Social Stability

Objectives of the activity: This activity aims to show learners how education affects
society and contributes to its stability
Instructions:
1. Divide the class into groups.
2. Give each group a scenario. You may use the following or create
other applicable scenarios:
● a family living in extreme poverty
● a person living in a disadvantaged neighborhood
● a person living in a developed country
● a person living in an underdeveloped country 43
Education and Social Stability

Objectives of the activity: This activity aims to show learners how education affects
society and contributes to its stability
Instructions:

3. Ask each group to perform a three-minute skit showing the

impact of formal education on their assigned scenario.
4. Have the groups present their skits to the entire class.

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Our Right to Learn

Objectives of the activity: This activity aims to help learners identify ways to
advocate for their own education and that of the less fortunate.

Instructions:

1. Divide the learners into small groups and provide them with necessary
supplies such as poster boards, markers, and glue.

2. Come up with a creative way to support accessible and quality education.

(idea that can be implemented in the local community and discuss how to make it
a reality)
3. Create a visual representation of their ideas. Have them present it in
class. 45
EXAMPLE

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PHOTO CREDITS

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REFERENCES
Arcilla, Jose S. “The Life and Work of Pedro T. Orata.” Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints 33, no. 2 (1985):
245–247. https://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/3821/4002.

Bostwick, Sam. 2019. “Education in the Philippines.” The Borgen Project.

https://borgenproject.org/education-in-the-philippines-2/.

Department of Education. 2019. “PISA 2018: National Report of the Philippines.” Pasig: Department of Education.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/PISA-2018-Philippine-National-Report.pdf.

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education. “Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System.” GovPH.
Accessed March 1, 2023. https://www.deped.gov.ph/about-deped/history/.

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 2022. “Government Expenditure on Education, Total (% of GDP).” The World Bank.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS.

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